Is Conflict Adaptation An Illusion

Author : James R Schmidt, Wim Notebaert,Eva Van Den Bussche
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 165 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2015-05-20
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889194957

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Is Conflict Adaptation an Illusion? by James R Schmidt, Wim Notebaert,Eva Van Den Bussche Pdf

Conflict adaptation theory is one of the most popular theories in cognitive psychology. The theory argues that participants strategically modulate attention away from distracting stimulus features in response to conflict. Although results with proportion congruent, sequential congruency, and similar paradigms seem consistent with the conflict adaptation view, some researchers have expressed scepticism. The paradigms used in the study of conflict adaptation require the manipulation of stimulus frequencies, sequential dependencies, time-on-task regularities, and various other task regularities that introduce the potential for learning of conflict-unrelated information. This results in the unintentional confounding of measures of conflict adaptation with simpler learning and memory biases. There are also alternative accounts which propose that attentional adaptation does occur, but via different mechanisms, such as valence, expectancy, or effort. A significant (and often heated) debate remains surrounding the question of whether conflict adaptation exists independent of these alternative mechanisms of action. The aim of this Research Topic is to provide a forum for current directions in this area, considering perspectives from all sides of the debate.

Author : Benjamin Andrew Parris,Maria Augustinova,Ludovic Ferrand
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-01-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889634453

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The Locus of the Stroop Effect by Benjamin Andrew Parris,Maria Augustinova,Ludovic Ferrand Pdf

Author : Nicola De Pisapia
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889191062

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Unconscious information processing in executive control by Nicola De Pisapia Pdf

The aim of this Frontiers Research Topic is to review and further explore the topic of unconscious processing in executive control. Executive control refers to the ability of the human brain – mostly associated with prefrontal cortex activity - to regulate the processing involved in the execution of novel or complex goal-directed tasks. Previous studies or models of human cognition have assumed that executive control necessarily requires conscious processing of information. This perspective is in line with common sense and personal introspection, which suggest that our choices are intentional and based on conscious stimuli. Nevertheless, in the last few years several behavioural and cognitive neuroscience studies have put under scrutiny this assumption. Cumulating evidence is now showing that prefrontal executive control can involve or be triggered by unconscious processing of information, with consequent effects on observed behaviours. One of the main methods adopted to study such unconscious mechanisms is masked priming, consisting in presenting visually masked stimuli, which nonetheless are shown to affect goal-directed behaviour or influence constructs linked to executive control and prefrontal cortex activity (e.g., task-set representation, response inhibition, conflict monitoring, error detection, reward processing, emotion regulation and task switching). This area of research is relatively young, and - while scientific evidence is emerging - no general consensus has been reached yet on how to interpret these early findings: some researchers accept that executive control can involve unconscious processing, others momentarily put aside - in first approximation - this issue, others criticize this possibility on theoretical grounds (e.g., pointing to the need of better definitions of terms such as control, conflict and consciousness) or based on experimental findings. At this stage, it appears necessary that researchers in the field make a collective effort to deepen the understanding of the unconscious mechanisms involved in executive control. This Research Topic will focus on neuroscience, but it will welcome contributions on purely behavioural and psychophysiological studies, patient reports, computational investigations, as well as philosophical and historical analyses of the relationship between executive control and consciousness. In particular, we encourage experts in this field to submit contributions in the form of: a) reviews, opinions and discussions on existing literature concerning unconscious processing of information in executive control; b) original research articles (both behavioural-only and neuroimaging studies) on unconscious processing of information in executive control; c) discussions and opinions on new methodologies to investigate this issue (e.g., other than masked priming, which has been the technique of choice in most of the existing studies).

Author : Constantine Stephanidis
Publisher : Springer
Page : 692 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319587530

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HCI International 2017 – Posters' Extended Abstracts by Constantine Stephanidis Pdf

The two-volume set CCIS 713 and CCIS 714 contains the extended abstracts of the posters presented during the 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI International 2017, held in Vancouver, BC, Canada, in July 2017. HCII 2017 received a total of 4340 submissions, of which 1228 papers were accepted for publication after a careful reviewing process. The 177 papers presented in these two volumes were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Design and evaluation methods, tools and practices; novel interaction techniques and devices; psychophisiological measuring and monitoring; perception, cognition and emotion in HCI; data analysis and data mining in social media and communication; ergonomics and models in work and training support. Part II: Interaction in virtual and augmented reality; learning, games and gamification; health, well-being and comfort; smart environments; mobile interaction; visual design and visualization; social issues and security in HCI.

Author : Mehdi Adibi,Davide Zoccolan,Colin W. G. Clifford
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2022-01-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889741793

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Sensory Adaptation by Mehdi Adibi,Davide Zoccolan,Colin W. G. Clifford Pdf

Author : Jason Brown
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2017-05-24
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781498240925

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Reflections on Mind and the Image of Reality by Jason Brown Pdf

This collection of brief essays and still briefer commentaries is a personal reflection on some topics that have been thematic in the development of my theoretical work. These essays are not meant to extend the theory into yet-uncharted territory, but rather to draw out some of its implications for clinical neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and everyday life. The point of view guiding these reflections can be found in prior works, but the discerning reader will not fail to see a departure from current models of mind and brain based on circuit board diagrams, modular and computational theories that conflict with a processual account in which the mind/brain is more like a living organism. This perspective, which is often at odds with common sense and folk psychology, has particular relevance to our concepts of the self, the inner life, subjective time, adaptive process, and the world represented in perception.

Author : Jianwei Zhang,Stefan Wermter,Fuchun Sun,Changshui Zhang,Andreas K. Engel,Brigitte Röder,Xiaolan Fu,Gui Xue
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2023-02-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889762545

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Cross-Modal Learning: Adaptivity, Prediction and Interaction by Jianwei Zhang,Stefan Wermter,Fuchun Sun,Changshui Zhang,Andreas K. Engel,Brigitte Röder,Xiaolan Fu,Gui Xue Pdf

The purpose of this Research Topic is to reflect and discuss links between neuroscience, psychology, computer science and robotics with regards to the topic of cross-modal learning which has, in recent years, emerged as a new area of interdisciplinary research. The term cross-modal learning refers to the synergistic synthesis of information from multiple sensory modalities such that the learning that occurs within any individual sensory modality can be enhanced with information from one or more other modalities. Cross-modal learning is a crucial component of adaptive behavior in a continuously changing world, and examples are ubiquitous, such as: learning to grasp and manipulate objects; learning to walk; learning to read and write; learning to understand language and its referents; etc. In all these examples, visual, auditory, somatosensory or other modalities have to be integrated, and learning must be cross-modal. In fact, the broad range of acquired human skills are cross-modal, and many of the most advanced human capabilities, such as those involved in social cognition, require learning from the richest combinations of cross-modal information. In contrast, even the very best systems in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics have taken only tiny steps in this direction. Building a system that composes a global perspective from multiple distinct sources, types of data, and sensory modalities is a grand challenge of AI, yet it is specific enough that it can be studied quite rigorously and in such detail that the prospect for deep insights into these mechanisms is quite plausible in the near term. Cross-modal learning is a broad, interdisciplinary topic that has not yet coalesced into a single, unified field. Instead, there are many separate fields, each tackling the concerns of cross-modal learning from its own perspective, with currently little overlap. We anticipate an accelerating trend towards integration of these areas and we intend to contribute to that integration. By focusing on cross-modal learning, the proposed Research Topic can bring together recent progress in artificial intelligence, robotics, psychology and neuroscience.

Author : Christian Jarrett
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2014-09-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781118312704

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Great Myths of the Brain by Christian Jarrett Pdf

Great Myths of the Brain introduces readers to the fieldof neuroscience by examining popular myths about the humanbrain. Explores commonly-held myths of the brain through the lens ofscientific research, backing up claims with studies and otherevidence from the literature Looks at enduring myths such as “Do we only use 10% ofour brain?”, “Pregnant women lose their mind”,“Right-brained people are more creative” and manymore. Delves into myths relating to specific brain disorders,including epilepsy, autism, dementia, and others Written engagingly and accessibly for students and lay readersalike, providing a unique introduction to the study of thebrain Teaches readers how to spot neuro hype and neuro-nonsenseclaims in the media

Author : Adam Geremek,Mark Greenlee,Svein Magnussen
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-09-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135124779

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Perception Beyond Gestalt by Adam Geremek,Mark Greenlee,Svein Magnussen Pdf

How does the brain piece together the information required to achieve object recognition, figure-ground segmentation, object completion in cases of partial occlusion and related perceptual phenomena? This book focuses on principles of Gestalt psychology and the key issues which surround them, providing an up-to-date survey of the most interesting and highly debated topics in visual neuroscience, perception and object recognition. The volume is divided into three main parts: Gestalt and perceptual organisation, attention aftereffects and illusions, and color vision and art perception. Themes covered in the book include: - a historical review of Gestalt theory and its relevance in modern-day neuroscience - the relationship between perceptive and receptive fields - a critical analysis of spatiotemporal unity of perception - the role of Gestalt principles in perceptual organization - self-organizing properties of the visual field - the role of attention and perceptual grouping in forming non-retinotopic representations - figural distortions following adaptation to spatial patterns - illusory changes of brightness in spatial patterns - the function of motion illusions as a tool to study Gestalt principles in vision - conflicting theories of color vision and the neural basis of it - the role of color in figure-ground segmentation - chromatic assimilation in visual art and perception - the phenomena of colored shadows. Including contributions from experts in the field, this book will provide an essential overview of current research and theory on visual perception and Gestalt. It will be key reading for researchers and academics in the field of visual perception and neuroscience.

Author : Patrick Haggard,Baruch Eitam
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2015-08-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780190267285

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The Sense of Agency by Patrick Haggard,Baruch Eitam Pdf

Agency has two meanings in psychology and neuroscience. It can refer to one's capacity to affect the world and act in line with one's goals and desires--this is the objective aspect of agency. But agency can also refer to the subjective experience of controlling one's actions, or how it feels to achieve one's goals or affect the world. This subjective aspect is known as the sense of agency, and it is an important part of what makes us human. Interest in the sense of agency has exploded since the early 2000s, largely because scientists have learned that it can be studied objectively through analyses of human judgment, behavior, and the brain. This book brings together some of the world's leading researchers to give structure to this nascent but rapidly growing field. The contributors address questions such as: What role does agency play in the sense of self? Is agency based on predicting outcomes of actions? And what are the links between agency and motivation? Recent work on the sense of agency has been markedly interdisciplinary. The chapters collected here combine ideas and methods from fields as diverse as engineering, psychology, neurology, neuroscience, and philosophy of mind, making the book a valuable resource for any student or researcher interested in action, volition, and exploring how mind and brain are organized.

Author : Rory Stuart
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Companies
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Computers
ISBN : UOM:39015037346098

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The Design of Virtual Environments by Rory Stuart Pdf

This book offers a practical methodology for the design of virtual environments for an audience of engineers and researchers who need a more serious technical treatment of the subject than now exists. Each stage of the design process is described in detail. This book draws together vital information from all fields, providing both the theoretical and the practical knowledge needed to design VR systems that will solve real-world problems.

Author : Sandra Dawson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1992-06-05
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781349220618

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Analysing Organisations by Sandra Dawson Pdf

For students who need to improve their understanding of organizations and the people in them. It is also relevant to those who are beginning a specialist study of organizations, particularly as it helps to bridge the gap between theory and practice. It is fully revised and updated.

Author : Jacques Ellul
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015-03-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781606089767

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The Political Illusion by Jacques Ellul Pdf

"What is politization? . . . (It is that) all problems have, in our time, become political." --J. Ellul, from the Introduction Jacques Ellul, the author of The Technological Society and Propaganda, here examines modern man's passion for politics, the roles he plays in them, and his place in the modern state. He holds that everything having now been "politized," anything not directly political fails to arouse widespread interest among contemporary men--and in fact might be said not to exist. He shows that political activity is now a kaleidoscope of interlocking illusions, among which the most basic and damaging are those of popular participation in government, popular control of elected and other officials, and popular solution of public problems. This domination by the political illusion, Ellul demonstrates, explains why men now turn to the state for the solution of all problems--most of them problems that the state could not solve if it tried. This close-reasoned, brilliant diagnosis and prognosis is, like Jacques Ellul's earlier books, an alarming analysis of present-day life.

Author : Bertram Gawronski,Fritz Strack
Publisher : Guilford Press
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2012-01-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781609189464

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Cognitive Consistency by Bertram Gawronski,Fritz Strack Pdf

This volume provides an overview of recent research on the nature, causes, and consequences of cognitive consistency. In 21 chapters, leading scholars address the pivotal role of consistency principles at various levels of social information processing, ranging from micro-level to macro-level processes. The book's scope encompasses mental representation, processing fluency and motivational fit, implicit social cognition, thinking and reasoning, decision making and choice, and interpersonal processes. Key findings, emerging themes, and current directions in the field are explored, and important questions for future research identified.

Author : Snehlata Jaswal
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2016-11-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9782889199792

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Perception, Action, and Cognition by Snehlata Jaswal Pdf

Even as simple a task as quenching thirst with a glass of water involves a sequence of perceptions and actions woven together by expectations and experience. What are the myriad links between perception and action, and what does cognition have to do with them? Intuitively we think that perception precedes action, but we also know that action moulds perception. The reciprocal links between perception and action are now accepted almost universally. The discovery of mirror neurons that encode observed actions has further emphasized the coupling of perception and action. The real aim of this research topic is to go beyond identifying the evidence for perception-action coupling, and study the cognitive entities and processes that influence the perception-action link. For example, the internal representations of perceived and produced events are created and modified through experience. Yet the perception action link is considered relatively automatic. To what extent is the perception-action link affected by representations and their manipulations by cognitive processes? Does selective attention modify the perception action coupling? How, and to what extent, does the context provide sources of cognitive control? The developmental trajectory of the perception-action link and the influence of cognition at various stages of development could be another line of important evidence. The responses to these and other such questions contribute to our understanding of this research area with significant implications for perception-action coupling.