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Jews under Tsars and Communists by Robert Weinberg Pdf
Tracing the evolving nature of popular and official beliefs about the purported nature of the Jews from the 18th century onwards, Russia and the Jewish Question explores how perceptions of Jews in late Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union shaped the regimes' policies toward them. In so doing Robert Weinberg provides a fruitful lens through which to investigate the social, economic, political, and cultural developments of modern Russia. Here, Weinberg reveals that the 'Jewish Question' and, by extension anti-Semitism emerged at the end of the 18th century when the partitions of Poland made hundreds of thousands of Jews subjects of the Russian crown. He skillfully argues the phrase itself implies the singular nature of Jews as a group of people whose religion, culture, and occupational make-up prevent them from fitting into predominantly Christian societies. The book then expounds how other characteristics were associated with the group over time: in particular, debates about rights of citizenship, the impact of industrialization, the emergence of the nation-state, and the proliferation of new political ideologies and movements contributed to the changing nature of the 'Jewish Question'. Its content may have not remained static, but its purpose consistently questions whether or not Jews pose a threat to the stability and well-being of the societies in which they live and this, in a specifically Russian context, is what Weinberg examines so expertly.
Jews Under Tsars and Communists by Robert Weinberg Pdf
Tracing the evolving nature of popular and official beliefs about the purported nature of the Jews from the 18th century onwards, Russia and the Jewish Question explores how perceptions of Jews in late Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union shaped the regimes' policies toward them. In so doing Robert Weinberg provides a fruitful lens through which to investigate the social, economic, political, and cultural developments of modern Russia. Here, Weinberg reveals that the 'Jewish Question' – and, by extension anti-Semitism – emerged at the end of the 18th century when the partitions of Poland made hundreds of thousands of Jews subjects of the Russian crown. He skillfully argues the phrase itself implies the singular nature of Jews as a group of people whose religion, culture, and occupational make-up prevent them from fitting into predominantly Christian societies. The book then expounds how other characteristics were associated with the group over time: in particular, debates about rights of citizenship, the impact of industrialization, the emergence of the nation-state, and the proliferation of new political ideologies and movements contributed to the changing nature of the 'Jewish Question'. Its content may have not remained static, but its purpose consistently questions whether or not Jews pose a threat to the stability and well-being of the societies in which they live and this, in a specifically Russian context, is what Weinberg examines so expertly.
Jewish Lives under Communism by Katerina Capková,Kamil Kijek Pdf
This volume provides new, groundbreaking views of Jewish life in various countries of the pro-Soviet bloc from the end of the Second World War until the collapse of Communism in late 1989. The authors, twelve leading historians and anthropologists from Europe, Israel and the United States, look at the experience of Jews under Communism by digging beyond formal state policy and instead examining the ways in which Jews creatively seized opportunities to develop and express their identities, religious and secular, even under great duress. The volume shifts the focus from Jews being objects of Communist state policy (and from anti-Jewish prejudices in Communist societies) to the agency of Jews and their creativity in Communist Europe after the Holocaust. The examination of Jewish history from a transnational vantage point challenges a dominant strand in history writing today, by showing instead the wide variety of Jewish experiences in law, traditions and institutional frameworks as conceived from one Communist country to another and even within a single country, such as Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, East Germany, and the Soviet Union. By focusing on networks across east-central Europe and beyond and on the forms of identity open to Jews in this important period, the volume begins a crucial rethinking of social and cultural life under Communist regimes.
The Hoax of Soviet Anti-Semitism by Frank L. Britton Pdf
A fully-documented and referenced exposé of the Zionist lie that the Soviet Union was "anti-Semitic." It conclusively proves that in fact the USSR was pro-Jewish, but anti-Zionist-particularly after Zionism became increasingly racist, and militarily aggressive towards Israel's neighbors, and, most importantly, after the Zionist-Jewish lobby became intertwined with and controlling of, the US government. Starting with an overview of the historical background of the Jewish nature of Communism (drawing upon the British Government's 1919 White Paper on Bolshevism and the May 1907 edition of National Geographic magazine-which both pointed out the Jewish role in fermenting revolution in Tsarist Russia), the book discusses the internal conflicts in Jewish Communist circles, and of the eventual break between the socialist Zionists and the Jewish Communists. Next it shows how the Soviet Union first attempted to deal with the Jewish demands for a homeland by creating one within the Soviet Union, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast of Birobidzhan-which still exists to the present-day. However, Israel's increasing racism, ultra-nationalism and aggression towards its neighbors reopened the old split between Zionist and Communist Jews. By the late 1960s, relations between Israel and the Soviet Union had broken down, and the Zionist-Jewish dominated western media launched its "antisemitism in Russia" campaign. The culmination of this clash came in 1983 when a large number of leading Communist Jews in the Soviet Union-including Army Generals, members of the Soviet parliament and others-created the "Anti-Zionist Committee of Soviet Public Opinion" (AZCSPO). This work contains the full text of all three AZCSPO information pieces distributed in the West.
The Jews in Soviet Russia Since 1917 by Lionel Kochan Pdf
Historical analysis of the position and living conditions of Russian Jews in the USSR since 1917 - covers government policy of discrimination against the jewish minority group, demographic aspects and occupational structure, cultural factors and achievements in literature, legal status, religion, the problem of language, jewish emigration, the role of USSR and Russian foreign policy in Arab country and in Israel, etc. Bibliography after each chapter.
Author : Institute of Jewish Affairs Publisher : London ; New York : Oxford University Press for the Institute of Jewish Affairs Page : 400 pages File Size : 41,8 Mb Release : 1972 Category : History ISBN : STANFORD:36105035932362
The Hoax of Soviet Anti-Semitism by Frank Britton Pdf
A fully-documented and referenced exposé of the Zionist lie that the Soviet Union was "anti-Semitic." It conclusively proves that in fact the USSR was pro-Jewish, but anti-Zionist-particularly after Zionism became increasingly racist, and militarily aggressive towards Israel's neighbors, and, most importantly, after the Zionist-Jewish lobby became intertwined with and controlling of, the US government. Starting with an overview of the historical background of the Jewish nature of Communism (drawing upon the British Government's 1919 White Paper on Bolshevism and the May 1907 edition of National Geographic magazine-which both pointed out the Jewish role in fermenting revolution in Tsarist Russia), the book discusses the internal conflicts in Jewish Communist circles, and of the eventual break between the socialist Zionists and the Jewish Communists. It contains full quotes from Winston Churchill (who accurately predicted the split between Zionist Jews and Communist Jews in 1920); Leon Trotsky, the Jewish brain behind the October Revolution who supported the Jewish colonization of Palestine "through socialism"; and Esther Frumpkin, a leading light in the Jewish Bund and the official Jewish section of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (who represented the anti-Zionist faction). Next it shows how the Soviet Union first attempted to deal with the Jewish demands for a homeland by creating one within the Soviet Union, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast of Birobidzhan-which still exists to the present-day. At the same time, the Soviet Union and its Communist Iron Curtain bloc subject nations were the first countries in the world to formally recognize the state of Israel in 1948. However, Israel's increasing racism, ultra-nationalism and aggression towards its neighbors reopened the old split between Zionist and Communist Jews. By the late 1960s, relations between Israel and the Soviet Union had broken down, and the Zionist-Jewish dominated western media launched its "antisemitism in Russia" campaign. The culmination of this clash came in 1983 when a large number of leading Communist Jews in the Soviet Union-including Army Generals, members of the Soviet parliament and others-created the "Anti-Zionist Committee of Soviet Public Opinion" (AZCSPO). This organization was set up to counter the Zionist claims of "anti-Semitism" and to act as a conduit for Soviet Jews to express their opposition to Zionism. This work contains the full text of all three AZCSPO information pieces distributed in the West, which show: -that Communist Jews within the USSR held the highest positions of public office and were privileged in that they were the best educated of all Soviet citizens; -that Jewish culture was promoted and thrived in the USSR; -that the Soviet Union expressly supported Israel's right to exist; -that it was only the aggressive, supremacist aspect of Zionism which the Soviet Union-and Soviet Jews-opposed; and -that the Soviet Union was fully aware that a Zionist-Jewish lobby controlled the US government and the western mass media. Fully illustrated (including all the original photographs contained in the AZCSPO booklets) and indexed. Contents: 1: Jews, Zionism, Communism, Israel and the Soviet Union 2: Winston Churchill-"Zionism versus Bolshevism: A Struggle for the Soul of the Jewish People" (1920) 3: Leon Trotsky-"On the Jewish Question" (1934) 4: Esther Frumkin-Address on "National Minorities" to the Second Congress of the Communist International (1920) 5: Birobidzhan-The Soviet Homeland for Jews Set Up to Counter Zionism 6: "Anti-Zionist Committee of Soviet Public Opinion: Aims and Tasks" (1983) 7: "Supported by the Soviet People: Anti-Zionist Committee of Soviet Public Opinion" (1983) 8: "An Open Letter to Jews in the United States" (1983) Index
One of the striking results of this new research is how closely reaction and reform were connected. This ambiguity was already inherent in the Polish attempt at reform during the second half of the eighteenth century, and it never entirely disappeared during the times of dark reaction under Alexander II. Therefore, when the Russian government initiated a programme of modernization at the end of the nineteenth century, anti-Jewish stereotypes quickly hardened into anti-Semitism. In the conflict that ensued between reform-minded and reactionary forces, this anti-Semitism became an ideological weapon in which the Jews appeared as the embodiment of change, modernization and uprooted life. Lowe has taken the opportunity of the English translation to incorporate the results of his most recent research, extending the coverage of the book from the earlier version's beginning in 1890 backwards into the eighteenth century to give the whole background to Tsarist Jewish policy and Russian anti-Semitism.
The State, Antisemitism, and Collaboration in the Holocaust by Diana Dumitru Pdf
Based on original sources, this important new book on the Holocaust explores regional variations in civilians' attitudes and behavior toward the Jewish population in Romania and the occupied Soviet Union. Gentiles' willingness to assist Jews was greater in lands that had been under Soviet administration during the inter-war period, while gentiles' willingness to harm Jews occurred more in lands that had been under Romanian administration during the same period. While acknowledging the disasters of Communist rule in the 1920s and 1930s, this work shows the effectiveness of Soviet nationalities policy in the official suppression of antisemitism. This book offers a corrective to the widespread consensus that homogenizes gentile responses throughout Eastern Europe, instead demonstrating that what states did in the interwar period mattered; relations between social groups were not fixed and destined to repeat themselves, but rather fluid and susceptible to change over time.
Lenin's Jewish Question by Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern Pdf
The grandson of a Jew, whose Jewish relatives converted to Christianity, whose allies played down his Jewish origins just as fervently as his enemies played them up, V.I. Lenin makes for a fascinating case study of the many complexities associated with 'Jewish question' in Russia.
