Judicial Avoidance

Author : Carolina Alves das Chagas
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2023-08-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781509961511

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Judicial Avoidance by Carolina Alves das Chagas Pdf

This book analyses cases of judicial avoidance: what happens when courts leave some or all of the merits of a case undecided? It explores examples of justiciability assessments and deferential approaches regarding the decision of another authority and examines legitimacy issues involving judicial avoidance. The reader is presented with answers to two fundamental questions that guide the development of the book: - Is it legitimate to practise judicial avoidance? - How could judicial avoidance be practised legitimately? The conflict of competences, which often emerges in instances of judicial avoidance, is an important book baseline. From this conflict, the book considers and defends the possibility of applying 'formal balancing' to provide a clearer structure of the exercise of justiciability and judicial deference. The 'formal balancing' methodology is based on Alexy's principles theory, and its connection with judicial avoidance represents a significant contribution and novel point in constitutional adjudication.

Author : Carolina Alves das Chagas
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2023-08-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781509961504

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Judicial Avoidance by Carolina Alves das Chagas Pdf

This book analyses cases of judicial avoidance: what happens when courts leave some or all of the merits of a case undecided? It explores examples of justiciability assessments and deferential approaches regarding the decision of another authority and examines legitimacy issues involving judicial avoidance. The reader is presented with answers to two fundamental questions that guide the development of the book: - Is it legitimate to practise judicial avoidance? - How could judicial avoidance be practised legitimately? The conflict of competences, which often emerges in instances of judicial avoidance, is an important book baseline. From this conflict, the book considers and defends the possibility of applying 'formal balancing' to provide a clearer structure of the exercise of justiciability and judicial deference. The 'formal balancing' methodology is based on Alexy's principles theory, and its connection with judicial avoidance represents a significant contribution and novel point in constitutional adjudication.

Author : Canadian Judicial Council
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Judges
ISBN : UIUC:30112045263024

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Ethical Principles for Judges by Canadian Judicial Council Pdf

This publication is the latest in a series of steps to assist judges in carrying out their onerous responsibilities, and represents a concise yet comprehensive set of principles addressing the many difficult ethical issues that confront judges as they work and live in their communities. It also provides a sound basis to promote a more complete understanding of the role of the judge in society and of the ethical dilemmas they so often encounter. Sections of the publication cover the following: the purpose of the publication; judicial independence; integrity; diligence; equality; and impartiality, including judicial demeanour, civic and charitable activity, political activity, and conflicts of interest.

Author : Congressional Research Service
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2015-06-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1508640505

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The Doctrine of Constitutional Avoidance by Congressional Research Service Pdf

Article III of the Constitution established the judicial branch of the United States, staffing the branch with life-tenured and salary-protected judges. Amongst the powers of the federal judiciary is the power of "judicial review"-that is, the power to invalidate the acts of other branches of government and the states that contravene the Constitution. The Framers of the Constitution established this "countermajoritarian" role for the judiciary to help protect the written Constitution and its principles against incursions from the political branches. The power of judicial review is both a potent and controversial power, as American history has been replete with examples of outcry at when unelected federal judges invalidate the acts of a democratically elected branch of government. The potential for backlash to judicial review by the political branches has resulted in what late Professor Alexander Bickel termed a "countermajoritarian difficulty," as the judiciary is needed to protect the basic principles of the Constitution, but is also necessarily dependent on the political branches to enforce the judiciary's mandates. In other words, judicial review, while necessary to protect the mandates of the Constitution, is inherently antidemocratic, risking an erosion of the judiciary's role in the American constitutional form of government.

Author : August Reinisch
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 523 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2000-04-13
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780521653268

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International Organizations Before National Courts by August Reinisch Pdf

A radical, empirical investigation of how national courts 'react' to disputes involving international organizations. Through comprehensive analysis of the attitudes and techniques of national courts and underlying political motives, Professor Reinisch first describes various legal approaches that result in adjudication or non-adjudication of disputes concerning international organizations. Secondly he discusses policy issues pro and contra the adjudication of such disputes. His study then scrutinizes the rationale for immunizing international organizations from domestic litigations, especially the 'functional' need for immunity, and substantially debates the implications of a human rights-based right of access to court on immunizing international organizations against national jurisdictions. Finally he identifies contemporary trends, seeking to ascertain whether a more flexible principle exempting certain types of disputes from domestic adjudication might substitute for the traditional immunity concept, which would simultaneously guarantee the functioning and independence of international organizations without impairing private parties' access to a fair dispute settlement procedure.

Author : J. Kendrick Kinney
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1202 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1892
Category : Law reports, digests, etc
ISBN : HARVARD:32044053479952

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A Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court and the Appellate Court of the State of Illinois by J. Kendrick Kinney Pdf

Author : Kelly R. Doyle
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : LAW
ISBN : 163482928X

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Constitutional Inquiries by Kelly R. Doyle Pdf

Article III of the Constitution established the judicial branch of the United States, consisting of the Supreme Court and of any "inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.... " To staff such courts, the Constitution empowered life-tenured and salary-protected judges to adjudicate certain "cases" or "controversies," including cases arising under the Constitution. The Supreme Court, in Marbury v. Madison, held that the judicial power to interpret the Constitution necessarily includes the power of judicial review--that is, the power to countermand the decisions by other government agents because a given decision contravenes the Constitution. The Supreme Court has established a host of loosely related rules generally called the constitutional avoidance doctrine that discourage a federal court from issuing broad rulings on matters of constitutional law. After providing general background on the power of judicial review and the major theories on the constitutional avoidance doctrine, this book explores the various rules that allow a court to avoid a ruling that invalidates a democratically enacted law and the logic behind those rules. This book provides an exploration of how the doctrine of constitutional avoidance has influenced some of the recent jurisprudence of the Roberts Court, criticisms of the doctrine, and the implications for Congress. The book also discusses the justiciability and the separation of powers in the political question doctrine, which the Supreme Court has articulated to restrict when federal courts will adjudicate disputes.

Author : Lisa Kloppenberg
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2001-08-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780814749357

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Playing it Safe by Lisa Kloppenberg Pdf

It is one of the unspoken truths of the American judicial system that courts go out of their way to avoid having to decide important and controversial issues. Even the Supreme Court from which the entire nation seeks guidance frequently engages in transparent tactics to avoid difficult, politically sensitive cases. The Court's reliance on avoidance has been inconsistent and at times politically motivated. For example, liberal New Deal Justices, responding to the activism of a conservative Court, promoted deference to Congress and the presidency to protect the Court from political pressure. Likewise, as the Warren Court recognized new constitutional rights, conservative judges and critics praised avoidance as a foundational rule of judicial restraint. And as conservative Justices have constituted the majority on the Court in recent years, many liberals and moderates have urged avoidance, for fear of disagreeable verdicts. By sharing the stories of litigants who struggled unsuccessfully to raise before the Supreme Court constitutional matters of the utmost importance from the 1970s-1990s, Playing it Safe argues that judges who fail to exercise their power in hard cases in effect abdicate their constitutional responsibility when it is needed most, and in so doing betray their commitment to neutrality. Lisa Kloppenberg demonstrates how the Court often avoids socially sensitive cases, such as those involving racial and ethnic discrimination, gender inequalities, abortion restrictions, sexual orientation discrimination, and environmental abuses. In the process, the Court ducks its responsibility to check the more politically responsive branches of government when "majority rule" pushes the boundaries of constitutional law. The Court has not used these malleable doctrines evenhandedly: it has actively shielded states from liability and national oversight, and aggressively expanded standing requirements to limit the role of federal courts.

Author : Robert A. Katzmann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2014-08-14
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780199362141

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Judging Statutes by Robert A. Katzmann Pdf

In an ideal world, the laws of Congress--known as federal statutes--would always be clearly worded and easily understood by the judges tasked with interpreting them. But many laws feature ambiguous or even contradictory wording. How, then, should judges divine their meaning? Should they stick only to the text? To what degree, if any, should they consult aids beyond the statutes themselves? Are the purposes of lawmakers in writing law relevant? Some judges, such as Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, believe courts should look to the language of the statute and virtually nothing else. Chief Judge Robert A. Katzmann of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit respectfully disagrees. In Judging Statutes, Katzmann, who is a trained political scientist as well as a judge, argues that our constitutional system charges Congress with enacting laws; therefore, how Congress makes its purposes known through both the laws themselves and reliable accompanying materials should be respected. He looks at how the American government works, including how laws come to be and how various agencies construe legislation. He then explains the judicial process of interpreting and applying these laws through the demonstration of two interpretative approaches, purposivism (focusing on the purpose of a law) and textualism (focusing solely on the text of the written law). Katzmann draws from his experience to show how this process plays out in the real world, and concludes with some suggestions to promote understanding between the courts and Congress. When courts interpret the laws of Congress, they should be mindful of how Congress actually functions, how lawmakers signal the meaning of statutes, and what those legislators expect of courts construing their laws. The legislative record behind a law is in truth part of its foundation, and therefore merits consideration.

Author : Kenneth D. Ward,Cecilia R. Castillo
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2012-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780791482773

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The Judiciary and American Democracy by Kenneth D. Ward,Cecilia R. Castillo Pdf

The role courts should play in American democracy has long been contested, fueling debates among citizens who take an active interest in politics. Alexander Bickel made a significant contribution to these debates with his seminal publication, The Least Dangerous Branch, which framed the problem of defending legitimate judicial authority. This book addresses whether or not the countermajoritarian difficulty outlined in Bickel's work continues to have significance for constitutional theory almost a half-century later. The contributors illustrate how the countermajoritarian difficulty and Bickel's response to it engage prominent theories: the proceduralisms of John Hart Ely and Jeremy Waldron; the republicanisms of Bruce Ackerman and Cass Sunstein; and the originalisms of Raoul Berger, Robert Bork, and Keith Whittington. In so doing, this book provides a useful introduction to recent debates in constitutional theory and also contributes to the broader discussion about the proper role of the courts.

Author : Reinhard Bork,Michael Veder
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1000 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2022-01-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 183970182X

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Harmonisation of Transactions Avoidance Laws by Reinhard Bork,Michael Veder Pdf

This book focuses on the harmonisation of transactions avoidance laws in the EU. Based on national reports from 24 jurisdictions and employing a principle-based approach, it proposes a new Model Law which, in nine sections, provides for legal certainty as to which transactions should (or should not) be challengeable in all Member States under the same conditions.

Author : Ezgi Yildiz
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2023-06-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781009117326

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Between Forbearance and Audacity by Ezgi Yildiz Pdf

When international courts are given sweeping powers, why would they ever refuse to use them? The book explains how and when courts employ strategies for institutional survival and resilience: forbearance and audacity, which help them adjust their sovereignty costs to pre-empt and mitigate backlash and political pushback. By systematically analysing almost 2,300 judgements from the European Court of Human Rights from 1967–2016, Ezgi Yildiz traces how these strategies shaped the norm against torture and inhumane or degrading treatment. With expert interviews and a nuanced combination of social science and legal methods, Yildiz innovatively demonstrates what the norm entails, and when and how its contents changed over time. Exploring issues central to public international law and international relations, this interdisciplinary study makes a timely intervention in the debate on international courts, international norms, and legal change. This book is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Author : Henry J. Sommer
Publisher : Turner Publishing Company
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1994-02-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781620459560

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Consumer Bankruptcy by Henry J. Sommer Pdf

The most comprehensive and reliable guide for consumers--by the nation's preeminent bankruptcy attorney. This information-packed guide offers consumers all the help they will need to protect themselves through every step in the bankruptcy process.

Author : Marc Jacob
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2014-03-20
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781107045491

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Precedents and Case-Based Reasoning in the European Court of Justice by Marc Jacob Pdf

Marc Jacob analyses in depth the most important justificatory and decision-making tool of one of the world's most powerful courts.

Author : Edward Keynes
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780271038186

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Undeclared War by Edward Keynes Pdf