Knowledge And Belief

Author : Frederick F. Schmitt
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2006-11-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134967797

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Knowledge and Belief by Frederick F. Schmitt Pdf

Knowledge, from Plato onwards, has been considered in relation to justified belief. Current debate has centred around the nature of the justification and whether justified belief can be considered an internal or extenal matter. Epistemological internalists argue that the subject must be able to reflect upon a belief to complete the process of justification. The externalists, on the other hand, claim that it is only necessary to consider whether the belief is reliably formed, and argue that the ability to know by reflection is not required for a justified belief. In the historical section of this book the three most important epistemologists, Plato, Descartes and Hume, as well as the ancient epistemologies of the stoics, Academics and Pyrhonians, are considered. In reconsidering the history of epistemology the author is led to argue against hte view that internalism is historically dominant. His critique of internalism is then developed into a sustained argument against many of its forms, and he goes onto defend an externalist, reliabilist epistemology.

Author : Fred I. Dretske
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2000-02-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521777429

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Perception, Knowledge and Belief by Fred I. Dretske Pdf

Part I. Knowledge: 1. Conclusive reasons 2. Epistemic operators 3. The pragmatic dimension of knowledge 4. The epistemology of belief 5. Two conceptions of knowledge: rational vs. reliable belief Part II. Perception and Experience: 6. Simple seeing 7. Conscious experience 8. Differences that make no difference 9. The mind's awareness of itself 10. What good is consciousness Part III. Thought and Intentionality: 11. Putting information to work 12. If you can't make one, you don't know how it works 13. The nature of thought 14. Norms and the constitution of the mental 15. Minds, machines, and money: what really explains behavior.

Author : Matthew A. Benton,John P. Hawthorne,Dani Rabinowitz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198798705

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Knowledge, Belief, and God by Matthew A. Benton,John P. Hawthorne,Dani Rabinowitz Pdf

Epistemology has flourished in this millennium, with new ideas and approaches of many kinds: Knowledge, Belief, and God shows how these developments can illuminate the philosophy of religion and analytic theology. And philosophy of religion is shown to be a valuable testing-ground for epistemology.--

Author : Richard Foley
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-07-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691154725

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When is True Belief Knowledge? by Richard Foley Pdf

A woman glances at a broken clock and comes to believe it is a quarter past seven. Yet, despite the broken clock, it really does happen to be a quarter past seven. Her belief is true, but it isn't knowledge. This is a classic illustration of a central problem in epistemology: determining what knowledge requires in addition to true belief. In this provocative book, Richard Foley finds a new solution to the problem in the observation that whenever someone has a true belief but not knowledge, there is some significant aspect of the situation about which she lacks true beliefs--something important that she doesn't quite "get." This may seem a modest point but, as Foley shows, it has the potential to reorient the theory of knowledge. Whether a true belief counts as knowledge depends on the importance of the information one does or doesn't have. This means that questions of knowledge cannot be separated from questions about human concerns and values. It also means that, contrary to what is often thought, there is no privileged way of coming to know. Knowledge is a mutt. Proper pedigree is not required. What matters is that one doesn't lack important nearby information. Challenging some of the central assumptions of contemporary epistemology, this is an original and important account of knowledge.

Author : D. M. Armstrong
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1973-02-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521087066

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Belief, Truth and Knowledge by D. M. Armstrong Pdf

A wide-ranging study of the central concepts in epistemology - belief, truth and knowledge. Professor Armstrong offers a dispositional account of general beliefs and of knowledge of general propositions. Belief about particular matters of fact are described as structures in the mind of the believer which represent or 'map' reality, while general beliefs are dispositions to extend the 'map' or introduce casual relations between portions of the map according to general rules. 'Knowledge' denotes the reliability of such beliefs as representations of reality. Within this framework Professor Armstrong offers a distinctive account of many of the main questions in general epistemology - the relations between beliefs and language, the notions of proposition, concept and idea, the analysis of truth, the varieties of knowledge, and the way in which beleifs and knowledge are supported by reasons. The book as a whole if offered as a contribution to a naturalistic account of man.

Author : Alvin Plantinga
Publisher : Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2015-04-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780802872043

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Knowledge and Christian Belief by Alvin Plantinga Pdf

Author : Katja Maria Vogt
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-09-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199916818

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Belief and Truth by Katja Maria Vogt Pdf

Belief and Truth: A Skeptic Reading of Plato explores a Socratic intuition about belief, doxa — belief is "shameful." In aiming for knowledge, one must aim to get rid of beliefs. Vogt shows how deeply this proposal differs from contemporary views, but that it nevertheless speaks to intuitions we are likely to share with Plato, ancient skeptics, and Stoic epistemologists.

Author : Ernest Sosa
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2009-01-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199217250

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Reflective Knowledge by Ernest Sosa Pdf

Reflective Knowledge draws together ground-breaking work in epistemology by Ernest Sosa. He argues for a reflective virtue epistemology based on virtuous circularity, shows how this idea may be found explicitly or just below the surface in such illustrious predecessors as Descartes and Moore, and defends the view against its rivals.

Author : Robert John Ackermann
Publisher : Palgrave
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Belief and doubt
ISBN : 0333109384

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Belief and Knowledge by Robert John Ackermann Pdf

Author : Jason Schukraft
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781351352383

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An Analysis of Edmund Gettier's Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? by Jason Schukraft Pdf

For 2,000 years, the standard philosophical model of knowledge was that it could be defined as a justified true belief. According to this way of thinking, we can know, for example, that we are human because [1] we believe ourselves to be human; [2] that belief is justified (others treat us as humans, not as dogs); and [3] the belief is true. This definition, which dates to Plato, was challenged by Edmund Gettier in one of the most influential works of philosophy published in the last century – a three page paper that produced two clear examples of justified true beliefs that could not, in fact, be considered knowledge. Gettier's achievement rests on solid foundations provided by his mastery of the critical thinking skill of analysis. By understanding the way in which Plato – and every other epistemologist – had built their arguments, he was able to identify the relationships between the parts, and the assumptions that underpinned then. That precise understanding was what Gettier required to mount a convincing challenge to the theory – one that was bolstered by a reasoning skill that put his counter case pithily, and in a form his colleagues found all but unchallengeable.

Author : David Malet Armstrong
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Belief and doubt
ISBN : 0521087066

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Belief, Truth and Knowledge by David Malet Armstrong Pdf

A wide-ranging study of the central concepts in epistemology - belief, truth and knowledge. Professor Armstrong offers a dispositional account of general beliefs and of knowledge of general propositions. Belief about particular matters of fact are described as structures in the mind of the believer which represent or 'map' reality, while general beliefs are dispositions to extend the 'map' or introduce casual relations between portions of the map according to general rules. 'Knowledge' denotes the reliability of such beliefs as representations of reality. Within this framework Professor Armstrong offers a distinctive account of many of the main questions in general epistemology - the relations between beliefs and language, the notions of proposition, concept and idea, the analysis of truth, the varieties of knowledge, and the way in which beleifs and knowledge are supported by reasons. The book as a whole if offered as a contribution to a naturalistic account of man.

Author : Gideon Rosen,Alex Byrne,Joshua Cohen,Seana Valentine Shiffrin
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2015-01-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780393932201

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The Norton Introduction to Philosophy by Gideon Rosen,Alex Byrne,Joshua Cohen,Seana Valentine Shiffrin Pdf

Edited by a team of four leading philosophers, The Norton Introduction to Philosophy introduces students to contemporary perspectives on major philosophical issues and questions. This text features an impressive array of readings, including 25 specially-commissioned essays by prominent philosophers. A student-friendly presentation, a handy format, and a low price make The Norton Introduction to Philosophy as accessible and affordable as it is up-to-date.

Author : Thomas Höwing
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2016-04-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110392746

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The Highest Good in Kant’s Philosophy by Thomas Höwing Pdf

The idea of a final end of human conduct – the highest good– plays an important role in Kant’s philosophy. Unlike his predecessors Kant defines the highest good as a combination of two heterogeneous elements, namely virtue and happiness. This conception lies at the centre of some of the most influential Kantian doctrines such as his famous “moral argument” for the rationality of faith, his conception of the unity of reason and his views concerning the final end of nature as well as the historical progress of mankind.To be sure, the different treatments of the highest good in Kant’s work have led to a great deal of discussion among his readers. Besides Kant’s arguments for moral faith, recent debate has focused on the place of the highest good within Kant’s moral theory, on the antinomy of pure practical reason, and on the idea of the primacy of practical reason. This collection of new essays attempts to re-evaluate Kant’s doctrine of the highest good and to determine its relevance for contemporary philosophy.

Author : Stephen Hetherington,Stephen Cade Hetherington
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781107149564

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Knowledge and the Gettier Problem by Stephen Hetherington,Stephen Cade Hetherington Pdf

This book enriches our understanding of knowledge and Gettier's challenge, stimulating debate on a central epistemological issue.

Author : René Woudenberg,Sabine Roeser,Ron Rood
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110327519

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Basic Belief and Basic Knowledge by René Woudenberg,Sabine Roeser,Ron Rood Pdf

Over the last two decades foundationalism has been severely criticized. In response to this various alternatives to it have been advanced, notably coherentism. At the same time new versions of foundationalism were crafted, that were claimed to be immune to the earlier criticisms. This volume contains 12 papers in which various aspects of this dialectic are covered. A number of papers continue the trend to defend foundationalism, and foundationalism's commitment to basic beliefs and basic knowledge, against various attacks. Others aim to show that one important objection against coherentism, viz. that the notion of 'coherence' is too vague to be useful, can be countered.