When Is True Belief Knowledge

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When is True Belief Knowledge?

Richard Foley
When is True Belief Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Richard Foley
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-07-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691154725

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When is True Belief Knowledge? by Richard Foley Pdf

A woman glances at a broken clock and comes to believe it is a quarter past seven. Yet, despite the broken clock, it really does happen to be a quarter past seven. Her belief is true, but it isn't knowledge. This is a classic illustration of a central problem in epistemology: determining what knowledge requires in addition to true belief. In this provocative book, Richard Foley finds a new solution to the problem in the observation that whenever someone has a true belief but not knowledge, there is some significant aspect of the situation about which she lacks true beliefs--something important that she doesn't quite "get." This may seem a modest point but, as Foley shows, it has the potential to reorient the theory of knowledge. Whether a true belief counts as knowledge depends on the importance of the information one does or doesn't have. This means that questions of knowledge cannot be separated from questions about human concerns and values. It also means that, contrary to what is often thought, there is no privileged way of coming to know. Knowledge is a mutt. Proper pedigree is not required. What matters is that one doesn't lack important nearby information. Challenging some of the central assumptions of contemporary epistemology, this is an original and important account of knowledge.

An Analysis of Edmund Gettier's Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?

Jason Schukraft
An Analysis of Edmund Gettier s Is Justified True Belief Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Jason Schukraft
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781351352383

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An Analysis of Edmund Gettier's Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? by Jason Schukraft Pdf

For 2,000 years, the standard philosophical model of knowledge was that it could be defined as a justified true belief. According to this way of thinking, we can know, for example, that we are human because [1] we believe ourselves to be human; [2] that belief is justified (others treat us as humans, not as dogs); and [3] the belief is true. This definition, which dates to Plato, was challenged by Edmund Gettier in one of the most influential works of philosophy published in the last century – a three page paper that produced two clear examples of justified true beliefs that could not, in fact, be considered knowledge. Gettier's achievement rests on solid foundations provided by his mastery of the critical thinking skill of analysis. By understanding the way in which Plato – and every other epistemologist – had built their arguments, he was able to identify the relationships between the parts, and the assumptions that underpinned then. That precise understanding was what Gettier required to mount a convincing challenge to the theory – one that was bolstered by a reasoning skill that put his counter case pithily, and in a form his colleagues found all but unchallengeable.

Knowledge and the Gettier Problem

Stephen Hetherington,Stephen Cade Hetherington
Knowledge and the Gettier Problem Book PDF

Author : Stephen Hetherington,Stephen Cade Hetherington
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781107149564

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Knowledge and the Gettier Problem by Stephen Hetherington,Stephen Cade Hetherington Pdf

This book enriches our understanding of knowledge and Gettier's challenge, stimulating debate on a central epistemological issue.

Belief, Truth and Knowledge

D. M. Armstrong
Belief Truth and Knowledge Book PDF

Author : D. M. Armstrong
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1973-02-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521087066

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Belief, Truth and Knowledge by D. M. Armstrong Pdf

A wide-ranging study of the central concepts in epistemology - belief, truth and knowledge. Professor Armstrong offers a dispositional account of general beliefs and of knowledge of general propositions. Belief about particular matters of fact are described as structures in the mind of the believer which represent or 'map' reality, while general beliefs are dispositions to extend the 'map' or introduce casual relations between portions of the map according to general rules. 'Knowledge' denotes the reliability of such beliefs as representations of reality. Within this framework Professor Armstrong offers a distinctive account of many of the main questions in general epistemology - the relations between beliefs and language, the notions of proposition, concept and idea, the analysis of truth, the varieties of knowledge, and the way in which beleifs and knowledge are supported by reasons. The book as a whole if offered as a contribution to a naturalistic account of man.

The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding

Jonathan L. Kvanvig
The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding Book PDF

Author : Jonathan L. Kvanvig
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2003-08-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139442282

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The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding by Jonathan L. Kvanvig Pdf

Epistemology has for a long time focused on the concept of knowledge and tried to answer questions such as whether knowledge is possible and how much of it there is. Often missing from this inquiry, however, is a discussion on the value of knowledge. In The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding Jonathan Kvanvig argues that epistemology properly conceived cannot ignore the question of the value of knowledge. He also questions one of the most fundamental assumptions in epistemology, namely that knowledge is always more valuable than the value of its subparts. Taking Platos' Meno as a starting point of his discussion, Kvanvig tackles the different arguments about the value of knowledge and comes to the conclusion that knowledge is less valuable than generally assumed. Clearly written and well argued, this 2003 book will appeal to students and professionals in epistemology.

An Analysis of Edmund Gettier's Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?

Jason Schukraft
An Analysis of Edmund Gettier s Is Justified True Belief Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Jason Schukraft
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781351350594

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An Analysis of Edmund Gettier's Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? by Jason Schukraft Pdf

For 2,000 years, the standard philosophical model of knowledge was that it could be defined as a justified true belief. According to this way of thinking, we can know, for example, that we are human because [1] we believe ourselves to be human; [2] that belief is justified (others treat us as humans, not as dogs); and [3] the belief is true. This definition, which dates to Plato, was challenged by Edmund Gettier in one of the most influential works of philosophy published in the last century – a three page paper that produced two clear examples of justified true beliefs that could not, in fact, be considered knowledge. Gettier's achievement rests on solid foundations provided by his mastery of the critical thinking skill of analysis. By understanding the way in which Plato – and every other epistemologist – had built their arguments, he was able to identify the relationships between the parts, and the assumptions that underpinned then. That precise understanding was what Gettier required to mount a convincing challenge to the theory – one that was bolstered by a reasoning skill that put his counter case pithily, and in a form his colleagues found all but unchallengeable.

Knowledge and Belief

Frederick F. Schmitt
Knowledge and Belief Book PDF

Author : Frederick F. Schmitt
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2006-11-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134967797

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Knowledge and Belief by Frederick F. Schmitt Pdf

Knowledge, from Plato onwards, has been considered in relation to justified belief. Current debate has centred around the nature of the justification and whether justified belief can be considered an internal or extenal matter. Epistemological internalists argue that the subject must be able to reflect upon a belief to complete the process of justification. The externalists, on the other hand, claim that it is only necessary to consider whether the belief is reliably formed, and argue that the ability to know by reflection is not required for a justified belief. In the historical section of this book the three most important epistemologists, Plato, Descartes and Hume, as well as the ancient epistemologies of the stoics, Academics and Pyrhonians, are considered. In reconsidering the history of epistemology the author is led to argue against hte view that internalism is historically dominant. His critique of internalism is then developed into a sustained argument against many of its forms, and he goes onto defend an externalist, reliabilist epistemology.

Belief and Truth

Katja Maria Vogt
Belief and Truth Book PDF

Author : Katja Maria Vogt
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2012-09-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199916818

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Belief and Truth by Katja Maria Vogt Pdf

Belief and Truth: A Skeptic Reading of Plato explores a Socratic intuition about belief, doxa — belief is "shameful." In aiming for knowledge, one must aim to get rid of beliefs. Vogt shows how deeply this proposal differs from contemporary views, but that it nevertheless speaks to intuitions we are likely to share with Plato, ancient skeptics, and Stoic epistemologists.

Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction

Jennifer Nagel
Knowledge A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Jennifer Nagel
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2014-09-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191637315

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Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction by Jennifer Nagel Pdf

What is knowledge? How does it differ from mere belief? Do you need to be able to justify a claim in order to count as knowing it? How can we know that the outer world is real and not a dream? Questions like these are ancient ones, and the branch of philosophy dedicated to answering them - epistemology - has been active for thousands of years. In this thought-provoking Very Short Introduction, Jennifer Nagel considers these classic questions alongside new puzzles arising from recent discoveries about humanity, language, and the mind. Nagel explains the formation of major historical theories of knowledge, and shows how contemporary philosophers have developed new ways of understanding knowledge, using ideas from logic, linguistics, and psychology. Covering topics ranging from relativism and the problem of scepticism to the trustworthiness of internet sources, Nagel examines how progress has been made in understanding knowledge, using everyday examples to explain the key issues and debates ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Epistemic Luck

Duncan Pritchard
Epistemic Luck Book PDF

Author : Duncan Pritchard
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199280384

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Epistemic Luck by Duncan Pritchard Pdf

Offering a philosophical examination of the concept of luck and its relationship to knowledge, this text demonstrates how a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between knowledge and luck can enable us to see past some of the most intractable disputes in the contemporary theory of knowledge.

Good Knowledge, Bad Knowledge

Stephen Hetherington
Good Knowledge Bad Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Stephen Hetherington
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2001-10-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191588983

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Good Knowledge, Bad Knowledge by Stephen Hetherington Pdf

What is knowledge? How hard is it for a person to have knowledge? Good Knowledge, Bad Knowledge confronts contemporary philosophical attempts to answer those classic questions, by identifying and arguing against two fundamental epistemological presumptions. Can there be both better and worse knowledge of some fact? Can you improve your knowledge of a particular fact? Can there be especially bad knowledge of a specific fact? Epistemologists routinely answer these questions with a resounding 'No'. But Stephen Hetherington argues that those standard answers are mistaken. The result is a theory of knowledge that is unique in conceiving of knowledge in a non-absolutist way. The theory offers new solutions to many traditional epistemological puzzles, including various kinds of scepticism, the Gettier challenge, and the problem of the criterion. It also offers a fresh way of using G. E. Moore's anti-sceptical gambit, along with reinterpretations of the epistemic roles of fallibility, luck, relevance, and dogmatism. And what can we know about knowledge? The role of intuition in shaping epistemological thought about knowledge is critically examined. Anyone working on epistemology will enjoy this original and challenging work.

Knowledge, Reality, and Value

Michael Huemer
Knowledge Reality and Value Book PDF

Author : Michael Huemer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798729007028

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Knowledge, Reality, and Value by Michael Huemer Pdf

The world's best introduction to philosophy, Knowledge, Reality, and Value explains basic philosophical problems in epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics, such as: How can we know about the world outside our minds? Is there a God? Do we have free will? Are there objective values? What distinguishes morally right from morally wrong actions? The text succinctly explains the most important theories and arguments about these things, and it does so a lot less boringly than most books written by professors."My work is all a series of footnotes to Mike Huemer." -Plato"This book is way better than my lecture notes." -Aristotle"When I have a little money, I buy Mike Huemer's books; and if I have any left, I buy food and clothes." -ErasmusContentsPreface Part I: Preliminaries 1. What Is Philosophy? 2. Logic 3. Critical Thinking, 1: Intellectual Virtue 4. Critical Thinking, 2: Fallacies 5. Absolute Truth Part II: Epistemology 6. Skepticism About the External World 7. Global Skepticism vs. Foundationalism 8. Defining "Knowledge" Part III: Metaphysics 9. Arguments for Theism 10. Arguments for Atheism 11. Free Will 12. Personal Identity Part IV: Ethics 13. Metaethics 14. Ethical Theory, 1: Utilitarianism 15. Ethical Theory, 2: Deontology 16. Applied Ethics, 1: The Duty of Charity 17. Applied Ethics, 2: Animal Ethics 18. Concluding Thoughts Appendix: A Guide to Writing GlossaryMichael Huemer is a professor of philosophy at the University of Colorado, where he has taught since the dawn of time. He is the author of a nearly infinite number of articles in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and political philosophy, in addition to seven other amazing and brilliant books that you should immediately buy.

Reflective Knowledge

Ernest Sosa
Reflective Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Ernest Sosa
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2009-01-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199217250

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Reflective Knowledge by Ernest Sosa Pdf

Reflective Knowledge draws together ground-breaking work in epistemology by Ernest Sosa. He argues for a reflective virtue epistemology based on virtuous circularity, shows how this idea may be found explicitly or just below the surface in such illustrious predecessors as Descartes and Moore, and defends the view against its rivals.

Knowledge and Evidence

Paul K. Moser
Knowledge and Evidence Book PDF

Author : Paul K. Moser
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521423635

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Knowledge and Evidence by Paul K. Moser Pdf

Philosophers have sought to define knowledge since the time of Plato. This inquiry outlines a theory of rational belief by challenging prominent skeptical claims that we have no justified beliefs about the external world.

Is factual knowledge simply having a justified true belief? If not, what is it?

Sabrina Fiel Abade
Is factual knowledge simply having a justified true belief If not what is it Book PDF

Author : Sabrina Fiel Abade
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 11 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2021-05-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783346411105

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Is factual knowledge simply having a justified true belief? If not, what is it? by Sabrina Fiel Abade Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject Philosophy - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.7, University of Luxembourg, course: Introduction to Philosophical Methodology, language: English, abstract: In this world there are things we know and things we do not know. But when can we say we know something? What does it take to have knowledge of something? To answer the question if justified true belief is the same as knowledge, we need to understand the tripartite analysis of knowledge. This is the classical analysis when we are talking about knowledge, which defines knowledge as justified, true, belief. Here we will get the notions of truth, belief and justification. After having defined knowledge as to be justified true belief, we will have to look at opponent’s point of view, specifically at the Gettier Cases. I will analyze them and show how they are not a valid refutation of the tripartite analysis since this argumentation involves veritic luck. After having the notions of the JTB analysis and having seen an opposition to it, created by Gettier, it is necessary to analyze whether Gettier’s objection is a valid one or not. Therefore, we will look at the Goldman analysis of reliabilism, which is supposed to object Gettier’s objection against the JTB analysis. For the purpose of this paper, I will only focus on Gettier’s first case and show how it is not valid when we take a reliabilist’s point of view on this. The conclusion I aim to achieve in this paper, is to show how the JTB analysis can be refined with the help of the reliabilism and show how its definition is not refutable only through Gettier’s cases.