Labor Markets And Business Cycles

Author : Robert Shimer
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2010-04-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781400835232

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Labor Markets and Business Cycles by Robert Shimer Pdf

Labor Markets and Business Cycles integrates search and matching theory with the neoclassical growth model to better understand labor market outcomes. Robert Shimer shows analytically and quantitatively that rigid wages are important for explaining the volatile behavior of the unemployment rate in business cycles. The book focuses on the labor wedge that arises when the marginal rate of substitution between consumption and leisure does not equal the marginal product of labor. According to competitive models of the labor market, the labor wedge should be constant and equal to the labor income tax rate. But in U.S. data, the wedge is strongly countercyclical, making it seem as if recessions are periods when workers are dissuaded from working and firms are dissuaded from hiring because of an increase in the labor income tax rate. When job searches are time consuming and wages are flexible, search frictions--the cost of a job search--act like labor adjustment costs, further exacerbating inconsistencies between the competitive model and data. The book shows that wage rigidities can reconcile the search model with the data, providing a quantitatively more accurate depiction of labor markets, consumption, and investment dynamics. Developing detailed search and matching models, Labor Markets and Business Cycles will be the main reference for those interested in the intersection of labor market dynamics and business cycle research.

Author : Ms.Emine Boz,Ceyhun Bora Durdu,Ms.Nan Li
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475512496

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Emerging Market Business Cycles by Ms.Emine Boz,Ceyhun Bora Durdu,Ms.Nan Li Pdf

Emerging economies are characterized by higher consumption and real wage variability relative to output and a strongly countercyclical current account. A real business cycle model of a small open economy that embeds a Mortensen-Pissarides type of search-matching frictions and countercyclical interest rate shocks can jointly account for these regularities. In the face of countercyclical interest rate shocks, search-matching frictions increase future employment uncertainty, improving workers’ incentive to save and generating a greater response of consumption and the current account. Higher consumption response in turn feeds into larger fluctuations in the workers’ bargaining power while the interest rates shocks lead to variations in the firms’ willingness to hire; both of which contribute to a highly variable real wage.

Author : Sherwin Rosen
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2007-12-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226726304

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Studies in Labor Markets by Sherwin Rosen Pdf

The papers in this volume present an excellent sampling of the best of current research in labor economics, combining the most sophisticated theory and econometric methods with high-quality data on a variety of problems. Originally presented at a Universities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research conference on labor markets in 1978, and not published elsewhere, the thirteen papers treat four interrelated themes: labor mobility, job turnover, and life-cycle dynamics; the analysis of unemployment compensation and employment policy; labor market discrimination; and labor market information and investment. The Introduction by Sherwin Rosen provides a thoughtful guide to the contents of the papers and offers suggestions for continuing research.

Author : Piero Ferri,Edward Greenberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783662008317

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The Labor Market and Business Cycle Theories by Piero Ferri,Edward Greenberg Pdf

Interest in business cycles has had its 'ups and downs'. After a period of almost steady state growth and of economic tranquility, when the business cycle seemed to be obsolete, the turbulence of the 70s and 80s has contributedto a renewed interest in the topic. Important analytical and methodological innovations have also favored the present abundance of contributions. Four innovations are of particular importance: i. microfoundations ii. nonlinearities iii. stochastic variables iv. real aspects. Both Classical macroeconomics and new-Keynesian approaches seem to share these characteristics, which apply both to endogenous and exogenous explanations of the cycle. The distance separating the newer literature from its forebears seems vast. Previously, cycle theory was characterized by a macro approach and utilized nonlinearities either through piecewise 'linear models or with the aid of Classical theorems in the field of dynamic systems. To consider and to compare the old and the new literature on business cycles is one of the goals of this book. To narrow the distance separating them is another goal of this research. We do not try to bridge it, but rather to revisit the former tradition with new tools. Finally, a particular emphasis is put on the 'ceilings and floors' type of literature. One of us has written a D. Phil. thesis with Sir John Hicks, and both have worked with H. P. Minsky. Hicks, along with Goodwin, introdu. ced the concept of ceilings and floors into business cycle analysis, and Minsky made important contributions to the area.

Author : Ms.Valerie Cerra,A. Fatas,Ms.Sweta Chaman Saxena
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513536996

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Hysteresis and Business Cycles by Ms.Valerie Cerra,A. Fatas,Ms.Sweta Chaman Saxena Pdf

Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects.

Author : Dmitry Plotnikov
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484318584

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What Prevents a Real Business Cycle Model from Matching the U.S. Data? Decomposing the Labor Wedge by Dmitry Plotnikov Pdf

I carry out a business cycle accounting exercise (Chari, Kehoe and McGrattan, 2007) on the U.S. data measured in wage units (Farmer (2010)) for the entire postwar period. In contrast to a conventional approach, this approach preserves common medium-term business cycle fluctuations in GDP, its components and the unemployment rate. Additionally, it facilitates decomposition of the labor wedge into the labor supply and the labor demand wedges. Using this business cycle accounting methodology, I find that in the transformed data, most movements in GDP are accounted for by the labor supply wedge. Therefore, I reverse a key finding of the real business cycle literature which asserts that 70% or more of economic fluctuations can be explained by TFP shocks. In other words, the real business cycle model fits the data badly because the assumption that households are on their labor supply equation is flawed. This failure is masked by data that has been filtered with a conventional approach that removes fluctuations at medium frequencies. My findings are consistent with the literature on incomplete labor markets.

Author : Mariano Bosch,William Francis Maloney
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business Cycle
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Labor Market Dynamics in Developing Countries by Mariano Bosch,William Francis Maloney Pdf

Abstract: The authors study the dynamics of three developing country labor markets using recent advances in the estimation of continuous time Markov processes. They first examine the flows of workers among five states: three types of paid labor, unemployment, and out of the labor force. The authors find a high degree of commonality in patterns of worker flows among the three countries and attempt to compare the flexibility of the markets by examining an index of overall mobility. Second, they seek to establish whether the issues of advanced country labor markets apply to developing country markets or whether the latter constitute a different phylum. Paralleling the mainstream literature on the role of being out of the labor force as discouraged unemployment, the authors then identify some common stylized facts about the role of the informal self-employed and salaried sectors and to what degree they serve as a holding pattern versus a desirable alternative to formal sector work. In the process, the authors identify very strong differences in mobility patterns between men and women and attempt to shed some light on whether these differences arise from discrimination or perhaps instead the constraints imposed by household responsibilities. Finally, they study labor market adjustment across the business cycle in Mexico and identify patterns of job creation and destruction among the three paid sectors and confirm the mainstream view of the role of out of the labor force as a procyclical phenomenon.

Author : Thomas F. Cooley
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1995-02-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 069104323X

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Frontiers of Business Cycle Research by Thomas F. Cooley Pdf

This introduction to modern business cycle theory uses a neoclassical growth framework to study the economic fluctuations associated with the business cycle. Presenting advances in dynamic economic theory and computational methods, it applies concepts to t

Author : Mr.Ruy Lama,Carlos Urrutia
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2011-12-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781463927271

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Employment Protection and Business Cycles in Emerging Economies by Mr.Ruy Lama,Carlos Urrutia Pdf

We build a small open economy, real business cycle model with labor market frictions to evaluate the role of employment protection in shaping business cycles in emerging economies. The model features matching frictions and an endogenous selection effect by which inefficient jobs are destroyed in recessions. In a quantitative version of the model calibrated to the Mexican economy we find that reducing separation costs to a level consistent with developed economies would reduce output volatility by 15 percent. We also use the model to analyze the Mexican crisis episode of 2008 and conclude that an economy with lower separation costs would have experienced a smaller drop in output and in measured total factor productivity with no significant change in aggregate employment.

Author : Thomas Sedgwick Coleman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Labor supply
ISBN : OCLC:13875166

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Essays on Aggregate Labor Market Business Cycle Fluctuations by Thomas Sedgwick Coleman Pdf

Author : Piero Ferri,Edward Greenberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642772412

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Wages, Regime Switching, and Cycles by Piero Ferri,Edward Greenberg Pdf

The initial purposes of this book were to update and extend the discussion and the results presented ill our previous book, The Labor Market and Business Cycle Theories. Our 1990 article, which appeared in The Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, represented a first step in this direction. The consequences of this effort have materialized in a number of new chapters that has led de facto to a new book, in which the surviving parts have been largely revised. The 1989 book was too mathematically oriented for many Keynesians and post Keynesians to be fully appreciated and insufficiently microfounded for both new classicals and new-Keynesians to be warmly accepted, yet we received positive and encouraging comments, and it was sold out very quickly. It was an attempt to dis cuss dynamics in Keynesian terms, based on a double assumption that maintains its validity-that both economic facts and analytical and methodological innova tions had contributed to a renewed interest in business cycles, which over time has had its "ups and downs." Since then, many more articles and books have appeared, stressing in particular the role of microfoundations and of nonlinearities in shaping business cycle theory.

Author : Ingrid Hahne Rima
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105018296926

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Labor Markets in a Global Economy by Ingrid Hahne Rima Pdf

Rima (economics, Temple U.) departs from the convention of defining labor economics chiefly in micro-analytical terms, instead examining supply and demand without relying on the presumption that the two are invariably brought into balance through market-clearing changes in wage rates. The volume's 19 chapters are divided into sections covering the macro- and micro-economic aspects of labor-market behavior and outcomes, the wage structure and the level of wages and prices, and labor policy issues. For undergraduate level students. Paper edition (unseen), $24.95. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : Robert J. Gordon
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 882 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2007-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226304595

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The American Business Cycle by Robert J. Gordon Pdf

In recent decades the American economy has experienced the worst peace-time inflation in its history and the highest unemployment rate since the Great Depression. These circumstances have prompted renewed interest in the concept of business cycles, which Joseph Schumpeter suggested are "like the beat of the heart, of the essence of the organism that displays them." In The American Business Cycle, some of the most prominent macroeconomics in the United States focuses on the questions, To what extent are business cycles propelled by external shocks? How have post-1946 cycles differed from earlier cycles? And, what are the major factors that contribute to business cycles? They extend their investigation in some areas as far back as 1875 to afford a deeper understanding of both economic history and the most recent economic fluctuations. Seven papers address specific aspects of economic activity: consumption, investment, inventory change, fiscal policy, monetary behavior, open economy, and the labor market. Five papers focus on aggregate economic activity. In a number of cases, the papers present findings that challenge widely accepted models and assumptions. In addition to its substantive findings, The American Business Cycle includes an appendix containing both the first published history of the NBER business-cycle dating chronology and many previously unpublished historical data series.

Author : Jordi Galí
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Business cycles
ISBN : IND:30000112418888

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Real Business Cycles with Involuntary Unemployment by Jordi Galí Pdf

Author : Ronald Schettkat
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1996-08-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134779420

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The Flow Analysis of Labour Markets by Ronald Schettkat Pdf

Well-functioning labour markets are a precondition for economic development. In order to function smoothly the market needs to be able to adjust effectively and quickly to new developments. An understanding and analysis of adjustment processes within labour markets is therefore essential for economic theory and policy proposals. This study discusses the 'flow approach' to mobility and adjustment in labour markets. It presents an overview of flow analysis and provides many new theoretical and empirical insights. It covers all the major industrialized economies, including: USA, Canada, Japan, The Netherlands, UK, France, Italy and Germany.