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Author : Zvi Lerman,Csaba Csáki,Gershon Feder
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Agrarian structure
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Zvi Lerman,Csaba Csáki,Gershon Feder
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0739108077
In Agriculture in Transition: Land Policies and Evolving Farm Structures in Post Soviet Countries authors Zvi Lerman, Csaba Csaki, and Gershon Feder study the land policies and farming structures of these newly emerging nations as components of institutional change in the rural sector - change from a centralized rural economy to a market-oriented economy.
Author : Zvi Lerman,Csaba Csaki,Gershon Feder
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:931677913
The authors review the role of land policies in the evolving farm structure of transition countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). They show how different policies for land property rights, degrees of control of land rental and sale markets, and procedures for restructuring former collective or state farms resulted in significantly different farm structures in CEE countries compared with those in the CIS. In particular, secure land rights, greater emphasis on indivualization of land, and more liberal land market policies in CEE generated a farming sector with a relatively large share of family farms and viable corporate farms. On the other hand, limited tenure security, ineffective individualization of land rights, and restrictive land policies in most of the CIS produced a farming structure dominated by large and generally nonviable jointly-owned farms that function much like the old collective farms. Family farms are slow to emerge in transition countries with inadequate land policies. The agricultural sector in countries dominated by inefficient farm organizations is characterized by low productivity and misallocation of resources.
Author : Zvi Lerman,Astghik Mirzakhanian
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0739102052
This book details and analyzes an extensive farm survey of Armenian land reform. Zvi Lerman and Astghik Mirzakhanian, two principal contributors to the design of the study, present their invaluable insight into the rapid land reform strategy implemented in Armenia. Unique among the former Soviet Republics, the entire agricultural sector of this country shifted from collective, large-scale, farm enterprises to individual production in 1992. The authors pay special attention to the commercialization of private farms and their access to supply and marketing channels outside the old state-controlled system. Family incomes from farming and off-farm sources are discussed, as well as problems of rural social services and social infrastructure. The authors demonstrate how official statistical measures and record keeping practices in Armenia do not adequately account for this dramatic transition.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2007-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780821370896
In the past fifteen years, most countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States have shifted from predominantly collective to more individualized agriculture. These years also have witnessed the largest fall in agricultural production, yields, and rural employment on record, while the deterioration and dissolution of collective and state farms have been accompanied by a significant drop in rural public services. Land Reform and Farm Restructuring provides a structured and comparative review of important aspects of land reform and documents important differences in policies between countries to examine why the reforms have not yet lived up to their potential. It is based on data from farm and household surveys and interviews conducted in 2003 and 2004. Case studies from Bulgaria, Moldova, Azerbaijan, and Kazakhstan - countries that have had particular difficulties in land reform, farm restructuring, farm performance, or rural poverty - each highlight a central conundrum about land reform and farm restructuring. The paper concludes with some implications for policy.
Author : Csaba Csáki,Zvi Lerman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0821347330
Farm structures in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) today cover a whole spectrum of forms, which include small subsistence-oriented household plots, medium-sized commercial family farms, and large corporations. The agricultural sector in CEE definitely has not embraced the family farm as the dominant farming structure, thus confounding the original expectations of Western experts. On the other hand, agriculture did not collapse because of fragmentation and privatization, as predicted by conservative doomsayers. To address the concerns of the farming sector in CEE with relation to EU accession, a workshop was held in Warsaw, Poland in June 1999. This volume represents a selection of papers presented at this workshop. It examines the reforms and policy changes necessary in the food and agriculture sectors of the ten countries that have started the accession process for eventual membership in the European Union (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia). The papers are organized around the following three topics: Evolving farm structures and competitiveness in agriculture; Land laws and legal institutions for development of land markets and farm restructuring; and Development of farm services for improved competitiveness. This volume will be of interest to agricultural policy makers and government officials in the candidate countries, EU officials, World Bank and FAO staff, development scholars, and all others interested in the process of agricultural reform in CEE.
Author : Hans P. Binswanger-Mkhize,Camille Bourguignon,Rogerius Johannes Eugenius van den Brink
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2009-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780821379622
Despite 250 years of land reform all over the World, important land inequalities remain, especially in Latin America and Southern Africa.While in these countries, there is near consensus on the need for redistribution, much controversy persists around how to redistribute land peacefully and legally, often blocking progress on implementation.This book focuses on the "how" of land redistribution in order to forge greater consensus among land reform practitioners and enable them to make better choices on the mechanisms of land reform. Reviews and case studies describe and analyze the al.
Author : Carol S. Leonard
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 419 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2010-12-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781139491389
This book examines the history of reforms and major state interventions affecting Russian agriculture: the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the Stolypin reforms, the NEP, the Collectivization, Khrushchev reforms, and finally farm enterprise privatization in the early 1990s. It shows a pattern emerging from a political imperative in imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet regimes, and it describes how these reforms were justified in the name of the national interest during severe crises - rapid inflation, military defeat, mass strikes, rural unrest, and/or political turmoil. It looks at the consequences of adversity in the economic environment for rural behavior after reform and at long-run trends. It has chapters on property rights, rural organization, and technological change. It provides a new database for measuring agricultural productivity from 1861 to 1913 and updates these estimates to the present. This book is a study of the policies aimed at reorganizing rural production and their effectiveness in transforming institutions.
Author : Klaus W. Deininger,Songqing Jin
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Land tenure
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
The extent to which households should be allowed to transfer their land rights in post-socialist transition economies is of considerable policy interest. The authors use data from Vietnam, a transition country that allows rental and sales of land use rights, to identify factors conducive to the development of land markets and to assess the extent to which land transfers enhance productive efficiency and transfer land to the poor. They find that activity in both rental and sales markets has increased rapidly, enhanced by the possession of long-term use rights and off-farm employment, and contributing to greater equity and efficiency of land use. While there is evidence for distress sales by households that experience a shock (death), the scope for such sales is reduced by well-functioning credit markets. Well-defined land rights and appropriate safety nets will thus help transition economies to realize the benefits from the operation of land markets.
Author : Kym Anderson,Johan Swinnen
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2008-06-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821374206
The vast majority of the world's poorest households depend on farming for their livelihood. During the 1960s and 1970s, most developing countries imposed pro-urban and anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Although progress has been made over the past two decades to reduce those policy biases, many trade- and welfare-reducing price distortions remain between agriculture and other sectors as well as within the agricultural sector of both rich and poor countries. Comprehensive empirical studies of the disarray in world agricultural markets first appeared approximately 20 years ago. Since then the OECD has provided estimates each year of market distortions in high-income countries, but there has been no comparable estimates for the world's developing countries. This volume is the first in a series (other volumes cover Africa, Asia, and Latin America) that not only fill that void for recent years but extend the estimates in a consistent and comparable way back in time--and provide analytical narratives for scores of countries that shed light on the evolving nature and extent of policy interventions over the past half-century. 'Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Europe's Transition Economies' provides an overview of the evolution of distortions to agricultural incentives caused by price and trade policies in the economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia that are transitioning away from central planning. The book includes country and subregional studies of the ten transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe that joined the European Union in 2004 or 2007, of seven other large member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, and of Turkey. Together these countries comprise over 90 percent of the Europe and Central Asia region's population and GDP. Sectoral, trade, and exchange rate policies in the region have changed greatly since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, but price distortions remain. The new empirical indicators in these country studies provide a strong evidence-based foundation for evaluating policy options in the years ahead.
Author : David A. J. Macey,William Pyle,Stephen K. Wegren
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0739107356
Editors David Macey, William Pyle, and Stephen Wegren, with a host of world-leading agrarian analyst and practitioners, unravel the shortcomings surrounding post-communist agrarian reform and answers how and why particular policies were adopted in Eurasia. Building Market Institutions in Post-Communist Agriculture draws on country-level case studies to analyze a range of initiatives that institutions have applied to agricultural economies. In this edited collection, contributors use a comparative analytical framework to project a universal process of agrarian transformation that continues to change the social, economic, and political characteristics of this part of the world.
Author : Michael Lipton
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2009-06-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134863143
Land reforms are laws that are intended, and likely, to cut poverty by raising the poor’s share of land rights. That raises questions about property rights as old as moral philosophy, and issues of efficiency and fairness that dominate policy from Bolivia to Nepal. Classic reforms directly transfer land from rich to poor. However, much else has been marketed as land reform: the restriction of tenancy, but also its de-restriction; collectivisation, but also de-collectivisation; land consolidation, but also land division. In 1955-2000, genuine land reform affected over a billion people, and almost as many hectares. Is land reform still alive, for example in Bolivia, South Africa and Nepal? Or is it dead and, if so, is this because it has succeeded, or because it has failed? There has been massive research on land reform and this book builds on some surprising findings. Small farms’ share in land is rising in most of Asia and Africa. This is not driven (as widely claimed) by growth in rural population or farm productivity, but by the relative efficiency of small farms, and in some cases by land reform. Whether land reform helps the poor depends not only on land transfers, but at least as much on its effects through employment, non-farm activity, GDP growth and distribution, as well as the village status and power of the poor. Avoidance, evasion and even distortion of land reform laws sometimes advance their main aims. Liberalisation and its accompaniments (such as supermarkets) can be powerful friends or fatal foes of small farms and land reform. This book will be of great interest to students, researchers and consultants working on agriculture, farm organisation, rural development and poverty reduction, with special emphasis on developing countries.
Author : Klaus W. Deininger,World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : 0821350714
Author : Gene Wunderlich
Publisher : University Press of America
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0761800662
In this collection of essays, edited by Gene Wunderlich, individual authors from various institutions discuss the economics and political issues surrounding land reform and the privatization of agricultural landownership in formerly socialized economies. The authors provide a solid framework for understanding how changes in landownership affect farm organization and production, wealth distribution, the environment, and public services. The subject matter is particularly relevant, although not limited to, the formerly socialized economies of Central and Eastern Europe. This book will be particularly useful in economic development courses and classes studying comparative economic systems. This book also provides excellent background for consultants and policymakers. Contents: Foreword; Preface; Creating Private Ownership and Markets in the Agricultural Land of Formerly Socialist Countries (Wunderlich); Landed Property in Capitalist and Socialist Countries (Thiesenhusen); Changing Land Relations and Farming Structures in Formerly Socialist Countries (Lerman); Supporting Markets in the Agricultural Land of Transitional Economies (Munro-Faure); Farmland Conveyancing in Selected FAO Member Sates in Transition (Riddell); Agricultural Land Tax and the Transition to Market Economy (Muller); Authors.
Author : Klaus Deininger,Songqing Jin
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 31 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX