Land Surface Hydrology Meteorology And Climate

Author : Venkataraman Lakshmi,John Albertson,John Schaake
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2001-01-09
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015061150143

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Land Surface Hydrology, Meteorology, and Climate by Venkataraman Lakshmi,John Albertson,John Schaake Pdf

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Science and Application Series, Volume 3. Land surface hydrology integrates various physical, chemical and biological processes that occur above, on, and below the surface of the Earth. As a result, it is critical to accurately account for land surface processes within predictive models of hydrology, meteorology, and climate. One of our main difficulties, however, concerns the broad range of spatial and temporal scales that characterize land surface hydrological processes. For example, we determine infiltration by pore scale physics, while soil hydraulic conductivity remains a field scale property. Photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration occur at the leaf scale. Runoff is a catchment scale process, and the variability of groundwater storage is a regional scale issue. Turbulence in land-atmosphere exchanges of heat, moisture, and momentum occur on the order of seconds to minutes, while variations in land surface and air temperatures occur much more gradually: on the order of hours. The persistence of floods and droughts is seasonal to annual, and so is the effect of El Nino on regional hydrology. Long-term climate effects occur much more slowly, on the order of years to decades.

Author : Jetse D. Kalma,Ian R. Calder,World Meteorological Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Hydrology
ISBN : UCSD:31822023211824

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Land Surface Processes in Large-scale Hydrology by Jetse D. Kalma,Ian R. Calder,World Meteorological Organization Pdf

Author : Nicolas Baghdadi,Mehrez Zribi
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780081011812

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Land Surface Remote Sensing in Continental Hydrology by Nicolas Baghdadi,Mehrez Zribi Pdf

The continental hydrological cycle is one of the least understood components of the climate system. The understanding of the different processes involved is important in the fields of hydrology and meteorology. In this volume the main applications for continental hydrology are presented, including the characterization of the states of continental surfaces (water state, snow cover, etc.) using active and passive remote sensing, monitoring the Antarctic ice sheet and land water surface heights using radar altimetry, the characterization of redistributions of water masses using the GRACE mission, the potential of GNSS-R technology in hydrology, and remote sensing data assimilation in hydrological models. This book, part of a set of six volumes, has been produced by scientists who are internationally renowned in their fields. It is addressed to students (engineers, Masters, PhD) , engineers and scientists, specialists in remote sensing applied to hydrology. Through this pedagogical work, the authors contribute to breaking down the barriers that hinder the use of Earth observation data. Provides clear and concise descriptions of modern remote sensing methods Explores the most current remote sensing techniques with physical aspects of the measurement (theory) and their applications Provides chapters on physical principles, measurement, and data processing for each technique described Describes optical remote sensing technology, including a description of acquisition systems and measurement corrections to be made

Author : P. S. Eagleson,Peter S. Eagleson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 574 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2011-02-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521107172

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Land Surface Processes in Atmospheric General Circulation Models by P. S. Eagleson,Peter S. Eagleson Pdf

This 1982 book consists of papers presented at the World Climate Research Programme study conference on land surface processes held in Greenbelt, Maryland from 5 to 10 January 1981. The papers cover the following: the state of knowledge of the sensitivity of atmospheric general circulation models on hydrology and other land surface processes: assessment of the state of knowledge of numerical modelling of hydrology and other land surface processes at the scale of atmospheric general circulation models; recommendations for research activities; establishment of data requirements for initialization, validation, and parameter evaluation. This book will continue to be of interest to atmospheric scientists, soil physicists, hydrologists and climatologists.

Author : Marc F. P. Bierkens,A. J. Dolman,Peter A. Troch
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : UOM:39015079263870

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Climate and the Hydrological Cycle by Marc F. P. Bierkens,A. J. Dolman,Peter A. Troch Pdf

An in-depth overview of the role of the hydrological cycle within the climate system, including climate change impacts on hydrological reserves and fluxes, and the controls of terrestrial hydrology on regional and global climatology. Table of contents : 1. The Role of the Hydrological Cycle in the Climate System 2. Evaporation 3. Physics of Evaporation and Atmospheric Boundary Layers Over Land 4. Precipitation Physics and Rainfall Observation 5. Land Surface Hydrology 6. Land Surface Schemes and Climate Models 7. Arctic and Snow Hydrology 8. Dynamics of Glaciers, Ice Sheets and Global Sea Level 9. Feedback Mechanisms : Precipitation and Soil Moisture 10. Feedback Mechanisms : Land Use, Hydrology and Carbon 11. Palaeohydrology : An Introduction 12. Groundwater Palaeohydrology 13. Global Warming and the Acceleration of the Hydrological Cycle 14. Climate Change and Hydrological Impact Studies 15. Remote Sensing for Hydrological Studies

Author : Thomas J. Schmugge,Jean-Claude Andre
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461230328

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Land Surface Evaporation by Thomas J. Schmugge,Jean-Claude Andre Pdf

General circulation model (GCM) experiments in the late 1970's indicated that the climate is sensitive to variations in evaporation at the land surface. Thus, in the context of climate modeling, it became important to develop techniques which would realistically estimate the evaporation flux on land. Land Surface Evaporation: Measurement and Parameterization discusses strategies for the use of experimental data in developing and testing parameterization schemes of the evaporation flux in GCM's. The book reviews state-of-the-art techniques, such as remote sensing, which measure evaporation fluxes over continental surfaces. It evaluates their relevance with respect to the various spatial and temporal scales of interest. This book will provide researchers in climatology, meteorology, hydrology and water management, and remote sensing with a thorough overview of current research in land surface evaporation. It will also give young scientists insight into surface processes.

Author : S.J. McLaren,D.R. Kniveton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2006-02-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780306480867

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Linking Climate Change to Land Surface Change by S.J. McLaren,D.R. Kniveton Pdf

Our views and understanding of variations in climate, geomorphological processes and the interrelationships that exist between climatic changes and land surface changes, both now and in the past, have developed greatly over the last decade. This book aims to encapsulate some of these recent advances and focuses on the integration of research that has been conducted by geomorphologists and climatologists on linking climate and land surface changes. This book is divided into two main parts: Section A incorporates research that has concentrated on short-term variations in climate, whilst Section B looks at some of the work on long-term climate variability. The volume concludes with a summary chapter that brings together the various ideas that have been presented in this work and other recent research in this general field. This text will be of interest to upper level students of geomorphology, Quaternary studies, climatology, earth sciences, and environmental studies. It will also be of use to researchers in these fields.

Author : E.F. Wood
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400921559

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Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling by E.F. Wood Pdf

It is well known that the interactions between land surfaces and the atmosphere, and the resulting exchanges in water and energy have a tremendous affect on climate. The inadequate representation of land-atmosphere interactions is a major weakness in current climate models, and is providing the motivation for the HAPEX and ISLSCP experiments as well as the proposed Global Energy and Water Experiment (GEWEX) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. The inadequate representation reflects the recognition that the well-known phys ical relationships, which are well described at small scales, result in different relationships when represented at the scales used in climate models. Understanding this transition in the mathematical relationships with increased space-time scales appears to be very difficult, and has led to different approaches; at one extreme, the famous "bucket" model where the land-surface is a simple one layer storage without vegetation; the other extreme may be Seller's Simple Biosphere Model (Sib) where one big leaf covers the climate model grid. Given the heterogeneous nature of landforms, soils and vegetation within a climate model grid, the development of new land surface parameterizations, and their verification through large scale experiments is perceived to be a challenging area of research for the hydrology and meteorology communities. This book evolved from a workshop held at Princeton University to explore the status of land surface parameterizations within climate models, and how observa tional data can be used to assess these parameterizations and improve models.

Author : Eva Boegh
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : 1907161376

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Climate and Land Surface Changes in Hydrology by Eva Boegh Pdf

Focuses on field-based and modelling studies addressing the sensitivity of hydrological and hydrometeorological fluxes of the coupled landatmosphere system to climate and land-use change at local, regional and global scales. The volume includes significant model-based studies evaluating methodologies and impacts of using climate and weather prediction data including downscaling and uncertainty analyses. Hydrological sensitivity and impacts due to spatial and temporal land-use and land-cover variability are reported for a wide variety of environmental settings. Observational and model-based investigations assess the significance of land cover and hydrological dynamics for the development of land surface heat fluxes and regional climate. Several empirical hydroclimatological studies, some from remote and data-scarce regions, and others using long-term multi-variable time series data or Earth Observations to evaluate temporal and spatial variability in precipitation, evapotranspiration and hydrological predictions, are included. The International Association of Hydrological Sciences is the world's premier member-based organization promoting the study and practice of Hydrology. Our books are authored, edited and produced at the highest level of quality, with the most current and thorough research. Our publications and our work advance the science and the professional practice of Hydrology in a variety of Science and Engineering fields around the world.

Author : Thomas J. Schmugge,Jean-Claude Andre
Publisher : Springer
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1991-01-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 0387973591

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Land Surface Evaporation by Thomas J. Schmugge,Jean-Claude Andre Pdf

General circulation model (GCM) experiments in the late 1970's indicated that the climate is sensitive to variations in evaporation at the land surface. Thus, in the context of climate modeling, it became important to develop techniques which would realistically estimate the evaporation flux on land. Land Surface Evaporation: Measurement and Parameterization discusses strategies for the use of experimental data in developing and testing parameterization schemes of the evaporation flux in GCM's. The book reviews state-of-the-art techniques, such as remote sensing, which measure evaporation fluxes over continental surfaces. It evaluates their relevance with respect to the various spatial and temporal scales of interest. This book will provide researchers in climatology, meteorology, hydrology and water management, and remote sensing with a thorough overview of current research in land surface evaporation. It will also give young scientists insight into surface processes.

Author : Marlyn L. Shelton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 439 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521848886

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Hydroclimatology by Marlyn L. Shelton Pdf

A graduate textbook on the interdisciplinary significance of hydroclimatology, explaining the relationship between the climate system and the hydrologic cycle.

Author : W. James Shuttleworth
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2012-01-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470659373

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Terrestrial Hydrometeorology by W. James Shuttleworth Pdf

Both hydrologists and meteorologists need to speak a common scientific language, and this has given rise to the new scientific discipline of hydrometeorology, which deals with the transfer of water and energy across the land/atmosphere interface. Terrestrial Hydrometeorology is the first graduate-level text with sufficient breadth and depth to be used in hydrology departments to teach relevant aspects of meteorology, and in meteorological departments to teach relevant aspects of hydrology, and to serve as an introductory text to teach the emerging discipline of hydrometeorology. The book will be essential reading for graduate students studying surface water hydrology, meteorology, and hydrometeorology. It can also be used in advanced undergraduate courses, and will be welcomed by academic and professional hydrologists and meteorologists worldwide. Additional resources for this book can be found at: http://www.wiley.com/go/shuttleworth/hydrometeorology.

Author : Christopher G. Collier
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2016-07-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118414934

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Hydrometeorology by Christopher G. Collier Pdf

Hydrometeorology presents an introduction to relevant topics in the interdisciplinary fields of hydrology and meteorology. This book is one of the few books aiming to provide a balance between aspects of meteorological and hydrological processes. The transfer of energy and water between the land surface and lower atmosphere within the hydrological cycle is addressed followed by a description of the nature of precipitation, and how it is formed. Forecasting precipitation is reviewed on all scales, and the range of rainfall-runoff models and coastal surge models and forecasts (including tsunamis) which have been, and are being, used are discussed. The mechanisms of snow, ice (glacier, sea and tundra), evaporation and transpiration, how drought occurs and the representation of wind are described. How rainfall (including radar measurements) and river flow information is gathered and analysed (including, frequency analysis, Probable Maximum Precipitation and Flood) are presented. Satellite measurements of precipitation are discussed. Examples of major past floods and droughts are given. Past and future climate change, which is included, underpins the importance of hydro-meteorological processes. The structure of the general circulation of the atmosphere and how it influences weather and climate including the Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells, the Trade winds and the El Nino, is outlined. Finally, the influence of urban areas on rainfall formation, dealing with urban drainage and air quality are described. Each chapter ends with one or two specific points as appendices, elements discussed in the chapter and a list of sample problems to aid understanding. Readership: This book is aimed at 3rd year undergraduate and postgraduate students on hydrology/hydrometeorology, environmental science and geography courses. Professionals in environmental protection agencies and consultancies will also find the book of great interest. It contains a balance of both the physics and mathematics which underpin such courses and activities.

Author : Jesus Rodrigo Comino
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 591 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2021-08-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128232873

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Precipitation by Jesus Rodrigo Comino Pdf

Precipitation: Earth Surface Responses and Processes provides readers with a general and indispensable overview of processing rainfall processes through radar techniques, numerical models, geostatistical tools, photogrammetric methods, plots, indexes of connectivity or rainfall simulations. The handbook follows a clear and consistent format, and is structured as follows: Introduction (State-of-the-Art); Part 1. Rainfall and climate/atmosphere; Part 2. Models and applications; Part 3. Rainfall as a key actor playing the main role affecting different ecosystems. Part 3: Rainfall affecting the earth surface from different scales and landforms; Part 4: Rainfall and stormwater quality management in urban and rural areas. Precipitation is a key factor needed for understanding landscape evolution and ecosystem services. Knowing the main precipitation composition, mechanisms and processes allows for efficient land management plans and ecosystem restoration activities. However, precipitation shows different responses under specific environments depending on the climate (from the arid to the polar areas), parent material, scale (from the raindrops to catchment scale), intensity, landscape morphologies (soil sealing, rills, gullies or rivers) or human activities (agriculture or urban areas). Precipitation: Earth Surface Responses and Processes bring this information together and provides indispensable material in a holistic manner for students, scientists and lecturers from different environmental disciplines such as climatology, meteorology, geomorphology, hydrology, soil science, geography, engineering, or ecology. Includes observations on a range of earth surface processes, from climate to coastal marine ecosystems Presents key case studies in each chapter, enhancing the applicability of each chapter Introduces precipitation as a key factor to understand earth mechanisms and processes

Author : Yang Hong,Yu Zhang,Sadiq Ibrahim Khan
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016-10-26
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781498726672

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Hydrologic Remote Sensing by Yang Hong,Yu Zhang,Sadiq Ibrahim Khan Pdf

Environmental remote sensing plays a critical role in observing key hydrological components such as precipitation, soil moisture, evapotranspiration and total water storage on a global scale. As water security is one of the most critical issues in the world, satellite remote sensing techniques are of particular importance for emerging regions which have inadequate in-situ gauge observations. This book reviews multiple remote sensing observations, the application of remote sensing in hydrological modeling, data assimilation and hydrological capacity building in emerging regions.