Laser Isotope Separation And The Future Of Nuclear Proliferation

Author : Ruben M. Serrato
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2010-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781599423630

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Laser Isotope Separation and the Future of Nuclear Proliferation by Ruben M. Serrato Pdf

Laser isotope separation (LIS) is an emerging technology that uses relatively small, widely-available lasers to achieve civilian or weapons grade concentration of fissile material to fuel nuclear reactions. To date only a few, limited proliferation risk analyses of LIS technology have been conducted. This paper provides a historically and technically informed update on the current state of LIS technology and it explains the high likelihood of increased global LIS adoption. The paper also explains how international rules governing nuclear energy are ill-equipped to handle such new technology. It traces the current limitations to broader issues in international relations theory, especially the incomplete accounts of the role of technology in the proliferation dynamic in the dominant neorealism and social construction of technology approaches. The paper introduces the concept of "international technology development structure," a framework for understanding how technology-related opportunities and constraints at the international system-level influence state nuclear weapons choices. The paper provides a thorough update of recent international laser innovations relevant to laser isotope separation and it explains how the spread of laser-related knowledge expands state nuclear options and influences their choices. The paper also provides a country-by-country update on LIS programs and it uses the example of Iran's laser isotope separation program to show how existing International Atomic Energy Agency efforts and export control approaches will be inadequate to addressing dual-use technologies such as LIS. It concludes by proposing a new course that links good standing in nuclear non-proliferation agreements to participation in the World Trade Organization, global conferences, and fundamental university research. Ultimately, the paper attempts to provide a comprehensive account of how emerging laser isotope separation technology presents non-proliferation challenges and it attempts to explore options for addressing this new period in technological achievement and change.

Author : Allan S. Krass,Peter Boskma,Boelie Elzen,Wim A. Smit,Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000200546

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Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation by Allan S. Krass,Peter Boskma,Boelie Elzen,Wim A. Smit,Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Pdf

Originally published in 1983, this book presents both the technical and political information necessary to evaluate the emerging threat to world security posed by recent advances in uranium enrichment technology. Uranium enrichment has played a relatively quiet but important role in the history of efforts by a number of nations to acquire nuclear weapons and by a number of others to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. For many years the uranium enrichment industry was dominated by a single method, gaseous diffusion, which was technically complex, extremely capital-intensive, and highly inefficient in its use of energy. As long as this remained true, only the richest and most technically advanced nations could afford to pursue the enrichment route to weapon acquisition. But during the 1970s this situation changed dramatically. Several new and far more accessible enrichment techniques were developed, stimulated largely by the anticipation of a rapidly growing demand for enrichment services by the world-wide nuclear power industry. This proliferation of new techniques, coupled with the subsequent contraction of the commercial market for enriched uranium, has created a situation in which uranium enrichment technology might well become the most important contributor to further nuclear weapon proliferation. Some of the issues addressed in this book are: A technical analysis of the most important enrichment techniques in a form that is relevant to analysis of proliferation risks; A detailed projection of the world demand for uranium enrichment services; A summary and critique of present institutional non-proliferation arrangements in the world enrichment industry, and An identification of the states most likely to pursue the enrichment route to acquisition of nuclear weapons.

Author : Richard Kokoski
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015046866367

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Technology and the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons by Richard Kokoski Pdf

This text examines the proliferation of nuclear weapons and is intended for scholars and students concerned with strategic studies, peace studies and international relations, as well as consultants, journalists and policy-makers specializing in these areas

Author : Harsh V Pant
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 501 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-02-27
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9781136894428

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Handbook of Nuclear Proliferation by Harsh V Pant Pdf

The chapters of this proposed volume are intended to shed light on the diverse themes surrounding this very important issue area in international security. Each of the six major sections addresses an aspect of nuclear proliferation that will be critical in determining the future trajectory of global politics in the years to come. The first section examines the major thematic issues underlying the contemporary discourse on nuclear proliferation. How do we understand this period in proliferation? What accounts for a taboo on the use of nuclear weapons so far and will it survive? What is the present state of nuclear deterrence models built during the Cold War? What is the relationship between the pursuit of civilian nuclear energy and the risks of proliferation? Why are we witnessing a move away from non-proliferation to counter-proliferation? The second section gives an overview of the evolving nuclear policies of the five established nuclear powers: the USA, Russia, the United Kingdom, France and the People's Republic of China. Section three looks at the three de facto nuclear states: India, Pakistan and Israel. The fourth section examines the three problem areas in the proliferation matrix today – Iran, North Korea and the potent mix of non-state actors and nuclear weapons. The fifth section sheds light on an important issue often ignored during discussions of nuclear proliferation – cases where states have made a deliberate policy choice of either renouncing their nuclear weapons programme, or have decided to remain a threshold state. The cases of South Africa, Egypt and Japan will be the focus of this section. The final section will examine the present state of the global nuclear non-proliferation regime, which most observers agree is currently facing a crisis of credibility. The three pillars of this regime – the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), and the Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty (FMCT) – will be examined. This is followed by an analysis of the present trends and prospects for US-Russia nuclear arms control. The impact of missile defenses and the US-India civilian nuclear energy co-operation pact will be examined so as to ascertain whether they have weakened or strengthened the global non-proliferation regime. The chapters in this volume aim to document the increasing complexity of the global nuclear proliferation dynamic and the inability of the international community to come to terms with a rapidly changing strategic milieu. The future, in all likelihood, will be very different from the past, and the chapters in this volume will try to develop a framework that may help gain a better understanding of the forces that will shape the nuclear proliferation debate in the years to come. Proposed Contents Introduction – Overview Part 1: Thematic Issues The Second Nuclear Age The Nuclear Taboo Nuclear Deterrence Nuclear Energy and Non-Proliferation Non-Proliferation and Counter Proliferation Non-State Actors and Nuclear Weapons Part 2: The Five Nuclear Powers USA Russia United Kingdom France People's Republic of China Part 3: De Facto Nuclear States India Pakistan Israel Part 4: The ‘Problem’ States Iran North Korea Part 5: The ‘Threshold’ States South Africa Japan Egypt Part 6: The Global Non-Proliferation Regime The NPT The CTBT The FMCT US-Russia Nuclear Arms Control The Impact of Missile Defenses The US-India Nuclear Deal The Future: What It May Hold In Store Conclusion

Author : Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 493 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2020-11-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000199246

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Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Pdf

In mid-1980 a second conference for the review of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) would take place in Geneva. Given the importance of preventing, or at least slowing down, nuclear weapon proliferation, this conference would be a crucial event in the field of arms control and disarmament. For many countries the technical and economic barriers to proliferation had disappeared, and the only remaining barriers were political. In an attempt to contribute to the discussions at the NPT Review Conference, SIPRI assembled a group of experts from a number of countries to discuss the technical aspects of the control of fissionable materials in non-military applications. The meeting took place in Stockholm, 12-16 October 1978. Originally published in 1979, this book on nuclear energy and nuclear weapon proliferation contains the papers presented at the symposium and reflects the discussions at the meeting.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Nuclear nonproliferation
ISBN : MINN:31951D03530117T

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Nuclear Proliferation: Future U.S. Policy Implications by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs Pdf

Author : John Simpson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1987-11-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780521333085

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Nuclear Non-Proliferation by John Simpson Pdf

Originally published in 1987, this book is concerned with the possible acquisition of nuclear weapons by states not in possession of them and the international concern caused by this. Since 1968, the international arrangements designed to prevent this had been based upon the Nuclear Non-Proliferations Treaty, which had over 130 states as signatories at the time of publication. The initial period of application of this treaty ended in 1995, and a conference was held then to discuss its extension. This volume was the first public attempt to explore the problems surrounding this conference, to examine issues likely to determine its outcome, and to analyse the consequences if the conference were to fail to reach any agreement on extension. The international contributors were among the foremost students and practitioners in the area, and brought unique knowledge and experience to the subject. The result was a pathbreaking attempt to investigate a critical problem for international security in the 1990s, and to identify methods whereby international nuclear non-proliferation arrangements could be extended into the next century.

Author : John P. Caves,W. Seth Carus
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Deterrence (Strategy)
ISBN : OCLC:1260632773

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The Future of Weapons of Mass Destruction: an Update by John P. Caves,W. Seth Carus Pdf

Author : Yury Yudin
Publisher : UN
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822036508042

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Multilateralization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle by Yury Yudin Pdf

Global energy demands are driving a potential expansion in the use of nuclear energy worldwide. It is estimated that the global nuclear power capacity could double by 2030. This could result in dissemination of sensitive nuclear technologies that present obvious risks of proliferation. Certain international institutional mechanisms for controlling access to sensitive materials, facilities and technologies are needed for dealing with this problem. Over the past few years, 12 proposals have been put forward by states, nuclear industry and international organizations, aimed at checking the spread of uranium enrichment and spent fuel reprocessing technologies. This book presents an overview and analysis of these proposals, including an evaluation of the projected international mechanisms.

Author : United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Atomic bomb
ISBN : UIUC:30112105148461

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Peaceful Nuclear Power Versus Nuclear Bombs by United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Pdf

Author : United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Arms control
ISBN : UOM:39015051337569

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Publication by United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Digital images
ISBN : PURD:32754077072209

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Nuclear Proliferation by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 666 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Power resources
ISBN : UCBK:C108567702

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Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis by Anonim Pdf

Author : Charles D. Ferguson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2011-05-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780199792993

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Nuclear Energy by Charles D. Ferguson Pdf

Originally perceived as a cheap and plentiful source of power, the commercial use of nuclear energy has been controversial for decades. Worries about the dangers that nuclear plants and their radioactive waste posed to nearby communities grew over time, and plant construction in the United States virtually died after the early 1980s. The 1986 disaster at Chernobyl only reinforced nuclear power's negative image. Yet in the decade prior to the Japanese nuclear crisis of 2011, sentiment about nuclear power underwent a marked change. The alarming acceleration of global warming due to the burning of fossil fuels and concern about dependence on foreign fuel has led policymakers, climate scientists, and energy experts to look once again at nuclear power as a source of energy. In this accessible overview, Charles D. Ferguson provides an authoritative account of the key facts about nuclear energy. What is the origin of nuclear energy? What countries use commercial nuclear power, and how much electricity do they obtain from it? How can future nuclear power plants be made safer? What can countries do to protect their nuclear facilities from military attacks? How hazardous is radioactive waste? Is nuclear energy a renewable energy source? Featuring a discussion of the recent nuclear crisis in Japan and its ramifications, Ferguson addresses these questions and more in Nuclear Energy: What Everyone Needs to Know®, a book that is essential for anyone looking to learn more about this important issue. What Everyone Needs to Know® is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press.

Author : Peter Lavoy
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317996415

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Nuclear Weapons Proliferation in the Next Decade by Peter Lavoy Pdf

The intensification of the Iranian and North Korean nuclear crises has created new fears that deteriorating security conditions in the Middle East, Northeast Asia, and other regions will lead additional countries to seek their own nuclear arsenals in the years to come. This special issue examines the factors that are likely to shape nuclear weapons proliferation over the next decade. The internationally recognized authors of this issue, many of whom are prominent scholars and others of whom have held influential governmental positions with responsibility for countering nuclear proliferation, bring to light the conditions and events that might drive new countries to pursue nuclear weapons; the indicators and cautionary signs that can provide early warning that a country is interested in building nuclear bombs; and the policy and military measures that can be adopted to prevent or at least dissuade new proliferators. The introductory chapter develops a novel analytical approach focusing on the role of nuclear myths and mythmakers and the subsequent chapters draw on this approach to help analysts better understand and policy makers better manage nuclear proliferation over the next ten years.