Learning Motivation And Their Physiological Mechanisms

Author : Neal E. Miller
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781351509220

Get Book

Learning, Motivation, and Their Physiological Mechanisms by Neal E. Miller Pdf

Neal E. Miller's pioneering work in experimental psychology has earned him worldwide respect. This second in a two-volume collection of his work brings together forty-three of Miller's most important and representative essays on learning, motivation, and their physiological mechanisms. They were selected on the basis of their current relevance and their historical significance at the time they were published. In order to emphasize the main themes, essays on a given topic have been grouped together.Learning, Motivation, and Their Physiological Mechanisms begins when the author first discovered the thrill of designing and executing experiments to get clear-cut answers concerning the behavior of children and of rats. The first study was one of the earliest ones on the behavioral effects of the recently synthesized male hormone, testosterone. The second was one of the earliest studies demonstrating the value of using a variety of behavioral techniques to investigate the motivational effects of a physiological intervention. The next studies investigated the satisfying and rewarding effects of food or water in the stomach versus in the mouth and the thirst-inducing and reducing effects of hyper- and hypotonic solutions, respectively, injected into the brain. The last study describes a technique devised for extending the analysis of the mechanism of hunger to the effects of humoral factors in the blood.The study is completed with an examination of trial-and-error learning that was motivated by direct electrical stimulation of the brain and rewarded by the termination of such stimulation. Other studies show that the stimulation via such electrodes not only elicits eating, but also has the principal motivational characteristics of normal hunger. The conclusion deals with a series of experiments that overthrows strong traditional beliefs by proving that glandular and visceral responses mediated by the autonomic nervous system are subject to instrumental learning, which can be

Author : D.W. Pfaff
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781461256922

Get Book

The Physiological Mechanisms of Motivation by D.W. Pfaff Pdf

To scientists engaged in research on the cellular mechanisms in the mammalian brain, concepts of "motivation" seem to be a logical neces sity, even if they are not fashionable. Immersed in the detailed, time consuming research required to deal with mammalian nerve cells, we usually pay scant attention to the more global brain -behavior questions that have arisen from decades of biological and psychological studies. We felt it was time to confront these issues-namely, how far has neuro biological investigation come in uncovering mechanisms by which moti vational signals influence behavior? At Rockefeller University, we have recently held a course on this subject. We restricted our treatment to those motivational systems most tractable to physiological approaches, and invited scientists skilled in both behavioral issues and physiological techniques to participate. This volume results from that course. The deans and administration at Rockefeller University provided much help in planning the course, and the staff of Springer-Verlag assisted in planning the book. Gabriele Zummer helped organize both the course and the processing of book chapters. They all deserve our thanks. December 1981 Donald W. Pfaff Professor of Neurobiology and Behavior Rockefeller University Contents Part One: Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1 Donald W. Pfaff Motivational Concepts: Definitions and Distinctions . . . . . . . . . . 3 Motivation: A Brief Review of Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Reinforcement, Reward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Incentive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Arousal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Emotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Motivation Is a Unitary Behavioral Concept with Multiple Neurophysiological Mechanisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Chapter 2 Alan N.

Author : D. W. Pfaff
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1982-05-05
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1461256933

Get Book

The Physiological Mechanisms of Motivation by D. W. Pfaff Pdf

Author : A. Dickinson,R. A. Boakes
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317768524

Get Book

Mechanisms of Learning and Motivation by A. Dickinson,R. A. Boakes Pdf

This volume consists of a series of chapters honoring a Polish psychologist and neurophysiologist who died in 1973. Although his name was familiar to all of the contributors, many had had no personal contact with him and had gained acquaintance with his ideas only through his publications.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Science Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on How People Learn II: The Science and Practice of Learning
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2018-09-27
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309459679

Get Book

How People Learn II by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Science Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on How People Learn II: The Science and Practice of Learning Pdf

There are many reasons to be curious about the way people learn, and the past several decades have seen an explosion of research that has important implications for individual learning, schooling, workforce training, and policy. In 2000, How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition was published and its influence has been wide and deep. The report summarized insights on the nature of learning in school-aged children; described principles for the design of effective learning environments; and provided examples of how that could be implemented in the classroom. Since then, researchers have continued to investigate the nature of learning and have generated new findings related to the neurological processes involved in learning, individual and cultural variability related to learning, and educational technologies. In addition to expanding scientific understanding of the mechanisms of learning and how the brain adapts throughout the lifespan, there have been important discoveries about influences on learning, particularly sociocultural factors and the structure of learning environments. How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures provides a much-needed update incorporating insights gained from this research over the past decade. The book expands on the foundation laid out in the 2000 report and takes an in-depth look at the constellation of influences that affect individual learning. How People Learn II will become an indispensable resource to understand learning throughout the lifespan for educators of students and adults.

Author : J. E. R. Staddon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 619 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-10
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781107082472

Get Book

Adaptive Behavior and Learning by J. E. R. Staddon Pdf

Summarizes the current state of both theoretical and experimental knowledge about learning in animals.

Author : Eleanor H. Simpson,Peter D. Balsam
Publisher : Springer
Page : 587 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2016-05-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319269351

Get Book

Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation by Eleanor H. Simpson,Peter D. Balsam Pdf

This volume covers the current status of research in the neurobiology of motivated behaviors in humans and other animals in healthy condition. This includes consideration of the psychological processes that drive motivated behavior and the anatomical, electrophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms which drive these processes and regulate behavioural output. The volume also includes chapters on pathological disturbances in motivation including apathy, or motivational deficit as well as addictions, the pathological misdirection of motivated behavior. As with the chapters on healthy motivational processes, the chapters on disease provide a comprehensive up to date review of the neurobiological abnormalities that underlie motivation, as determined by studies of patient populations as well as animal models of disease. The book closes with a section on recent developments in treatments for motivational disorders.

Author : Stephen Larsen
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-26
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781594778100

Get Book

The Neurofeedback Solution by Stephen Larsen Pdf

A guide to neurofeedback for better physical and mental health as well as greater emotional balance, cognitive agility, and creativity • Provides easy-to-understand explanations of different neurofeedback methods--from the LENS technique to Z-score training • Explains the benefits of this therapy for anxiety, depression, autism, ADHD, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, brain injuries, stroke, Alzheimer’s, and many other ailments • Explores how to combine neurofeedback with breathwork, mindfulness, meditation, and attention-control exercises such as Open Focus What is neurofeedback? How does it work? And how can it help me or my family? In this guide to neurofeedback, psychologist and neurofeedback clinician Stephen Larsen examines the countless benefits of neurofeedback for diagnosing and treating many of the most debilitating and now pervasive psychological and neurological ailments, including autism, ADHD, anxiety, depression, stroke, brain injury, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Surveying the work of neurofeedback pioneers, Larsen explains the techniques and advantages of different neurofeedback methods--from the LENS technique and HEG to Z-score training and Slow Cortical Potentials. He reveals evidence of neuroplasticity--the brain’s ability to grow new neurons—and shows how neurofeedback can nourish the aging brain and help treat degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s and strokes. Examining the different types of brain waves, he shows how to recognize our own dominant brainwave range and thus learn to exercise control over our mental states. He explains how to combine neurofeedback with breathwork, mindfulness, meditation, and attention-control exercises such as Open Focus. Sharing successful and almost miraculous case studies of neurofeedback patients from a broad range of backgrounds, including veterans and neglected children, this book shows how we can nurture our intimate relationship with the brain, improving emotional, cognitive, and creative flexibility as well as mental health.

Author : Noel Mwenda
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-05
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783656192121

Get Book

Motivation and Learning by Noel Mwenda Pdf

Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Psychology - Learning Psychology, Intelligence Research, grade: 1-3, University of Dodoma (College of Education), course: Theories of Learning, language: English, abstract: Without motivation, there is no learning, motivation isn't everything but it is a necessary condition for success, in truth much of what passes for teaching is demotivating even advanced learners do not take readily to sitting in a classroom, lecture theater, conference hall or training room, if they are not stimulated and motivated (Clark, 2007; Rao, et al, 2006). Of course, motivation is not the same thing as learning, and learning is not wholly down to motivation and there are many factors that affect both motivation and learning that are beyond the learner's control (Clark, 2007). However, in an age where there's fierce competition for the attention of learners, we are duty bound to recognize that motivation matters (ibid).The present work motivation and learning is prepared to provide a conceptualization of learning, learning processes, as well as characteristics of learning. Furthermore, this work provides a conceptualization of motivation and the way motivation is linked to learning, it also acquaints a reader to sources of motivation and the theories that describe motivation. Of greatest importance the work provides techniques of developing motivation in classroom as well as in learning.

Author : Frank J. Chaloupka,Michael Grossman,Warren K. Bickel,Henry Saffer
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2009-02-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226100494

Get Book

The Economic Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse by Frank J. Chaloupka,Michael Grossman,Warren K. Bickel,Henry Saffer Pdf

Conventional wisdom once held that the demand for addictive substances like cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs was unlike that for any other economic good and, therefore, unresponsive to traditional market forces. Recently, however, researchers from two disparate fields, economics and behavioral psychology, have found that increases in the overall price of an addictive substance can significantly reduce both the number of users and the amounts those users consume. Changes in the "full price" of addictive substances—including monetary value, time outlay, effort to obtain, and potential penalties for illegal use—yield marked variations in behavioral outcomes and demand. The Economic Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse brings these distinctive fields of study together and presents for the first time an integrated assessment of their data and results. Unique and innovative, this multidisciplinary volume will serve as an important resource in the current debates concerning alcohol and drug use and abuse and the impacts of legalizing illicit drugs.

Author : Suresh Makvana,Ankit Patel
Publisher : RED'SHINE Publication. Pvt. Ltd
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780359512164

Get Book

The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Volume 7, Issue 1, Version 2 by Suresh Makvana,Ankit Patel Pdf

Author : Elliot Hearst
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 725 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2019-11-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000766837

Get Book

The First Century of Experimental Psychology by Elliot Hearst Pdf

This volume, originally published in 1979, sponsored by the Psychonomic Society (the North American association of research psychologists), commemorates the centennial of experimental psychology as a separate discipline – dated from the opening of Wilhelm Wundt’s laboratory at Leipzig in 1879. Each major research area is surveyed by distinguished experts, and the chapters treat historical background and progress, experimental findings and methods, critical theoretical issues, evaluations of the current state of the art, future prospects, and even practical and social relevance of the work. Writing in a lively style suitable for non-specialists, the authors provide a general introduction to the history of experimental psychology. Illustrated by many photographs of leading historical figures, this book blends history with methodology, findings with theory, and discussion of specific topics with integrated assessments of what has truly been accomplished in the first hundred years of experimental psychology.

Author : Georg Schulze,Michael-Roy Mariano
Publisher : Trafford Publishing
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781412012300

Get Book

Mechanisms of Motivation by Georg Schulze,Michael-Roy Mariano Pdf

We teach aspects of the psychology of motivated behaviors using the "problem-based" and "structured activity-learning" methods that are rapidly gaining credence as effective instructional approaches, especially in teaching medicine-related courses. Our approach with this text attempts to: provide students with structured challenges; foster independent thought by encouraging students to solve the challenges without external aid; allow students to attempt to solve the challenges as they see fit; emphasize that the number of different approaches made in solution of the posed challenges is often far more important than the speed or accuracy with which the solution is arrived at; and provide ample encouragement. We do not spoon-feed students, but expect them to fend for themselves. This text is terse; some of the questions posed are ambiguous; some information may be missing; there is a proscription against seeking aid except in discourse with fellow students; there is a lack of supplemental explanations; there are no summaries or teaching objectives in the text; rather the student is asked to supply and deduce these, respectively...In short, we are standing current accepted practice on its head. It works. In fact, many students find the experience, though very demanding, also liberating, energizing and empowering. Their intellectual capabilities are respected and their problem-solving abilities developed. This is what they expected higher education to be about. ..."he encourages his students to guide their own thinking rather than just rote memorization." Anonymous (1997) "It was challenging to be in a psyc course where critical thinking, integration of topics and understanding, as opposed to rote memorization, were emphasized." Anonymous (1997) "Emphasis on individual thought and communication w[ith] classmates led to a good (and probably long-lasting) understanding of the material. In addition, the classroom discussion was interactive and led to a high degree of interest and enjoyment." Anonymous (1999) "I really appreciated the problem-based learning and group work format of the course, as well as the interesting course material. This course has contributed considerably to my understanding of psychology..." Anonymous (1999) "This is the end of my fourth year, and I have never spent so much effort on one course; nor have I enjoyed one more." Anonymous (2002)

Author : Michael Theall,John M. Keller
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2018-01-24
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781119476238

Get Book

Where there's a Will... Motivation and Volition in College Teaching and Learning by Michael Theall,John M. Keller Pdf

Motivating students – a primary goal of education - is complex, to say the least. This issue focuses on a model for motivation, volition, and performance that acknowledges the importance of volition as action subsequent to motivation: action that leads to improved performance. This MVP model provides a framework for considering various teaching and learning topics and can be extended into other areas such as professional development. While models such as MVP are particularly helpful in establishing the relationships among constructs and in explaining theoretical bases, integration and application of such models are equally important. This issue discusses applications of the model and provide concrete ideas for integrating it into ongoing teaching practice. This is the 152nd volume of this Jossey-Bass higher education series. It offers a comprehensive range of ideas and techniques for improving college teaching based on the experience of seasoned instructors and the latest findings of educational and psychological researchers.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1979-10-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0080863647

Get Book

Psychology of Learning and Motivation by Anonim Pdf

Psychology of Learning and Motivation