The Physiological Mechanisms Of Motivation

Author : D.W. Pfaff
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781461256922

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The Physiological Mechanisms of Motivation by D.W. Pfaff Pdf

To scientists engaged in research on the cellular mechanisms in the mammalian brain, concepts of "motivation" seem to be a logical neces sity, even if they are not fashionable. Immersed in the detailed, time consuming research required to deal with mammalian nerve cells, we usually pay scant attention to the more global brain -behavior questions that have arisen from decades of biological and psychological studies. We felt it was time to confront these issues-namely, how far has neuro biological investigation come in uncovering mechanisms by which moti vational signals influence behavior? At Rockefeller University, we have recently held a course on this subject. We restricted our treatment to those motivational systems most tractable to physiological approaches, and invited scientists skilled in both behavioral issues and physiological techniques to participate. This volume results from that course. The deans and administration at Rockefeller University provided much help in planning the course, and the staff of Springer-Verlag assisted in planning the book. Gabriele Zummer helped organize both the course and the processing of book chapters. They all deserve our thanks. December 1981 Donald W. Pfaff Professor of Neurobiology and Behavior Rockefeller University Contents Part One: Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1 Donald W. Pfaff Motivational Concepts: Definitions and Distinctions . . . . . . . . . . 3 Motivation: A Brief Review of Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Reinforcement, Reward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Incentive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Arousal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Emotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Motivation Is a Unitary Behavioral Concept with Multiple Neurophysiological Mechanisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Chapter 2 Alan N.

Author : D. W. Pfaff
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1982-05-05
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1461256933

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The Physiological Mechanisms of Motivation by D. W. Pfaff Pdf

Author : Neal E. Miller
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781351509220

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Learning, Motivation, and Their Physiological Mechanisms by Neal E. Miller Pdf

Neal E. Miller's pioneering work in experimental psychology has earned him worldwide respect. This second in a two-volume collection of his work brings together forty-three of Miller's most important and representative essays on learning, motivation, and their physiological mechanisms. They were selected on the basis of their current relevance and their historical significance at the time they were published. In order to emphasize the main themes, essays on a given topic have been grouped together.Learning, Motivation, and Their Physiological Mechanisms begins when the author first discovered the thrill of designing and executing experiments to get clear-cut answers concerning the behavior of children and of rats. The first study was one of the earliest ones on the behavioral effects of the recently synthesized male hormone, testosterone. The second was one of the earliest studies demonstrating the value of using a variety of behavioral techniques to investigate the motivational effects of a physiological intervention. The next studies investigated the satisfying and rewarding effects of food or water in the stomach versus in the mouth and the thirst-inducing and reducing effects of hyper- and hypotonic solutions, respectively, injected into the brain. The last study describes a technique devised for extending the analysis of the mechanism of hunger to the effects of humoral factors in the blood.The study is completed with an examination of trial-and-error learning that was motivated by direct electrical stimulation of the brain and rewarded by the termination of such stimulation. Other studies show that the stimulation via such electrodes not only elicits eating, but also has the principal motivational characteristics of normal hunger. The conclusion deals with a series of experiments that overthrows strong traditional beliefs by proving that glandular and visceral responses mediated by the autonomic nervous system are subject to instrumental learning, which can be

Author : Jack E. Hokanson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1969
Category : Psychology
ISBN : UOM:39015048673571

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The Physiological Bases of Motivation by Jack E. Hokanson Pdf

Author : Hugh Wagner
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2014-02-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317798194

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The Psychobiology of Human Motivation by Hugh Wagner Pdf

Why is one person motivated to create a business empire whilst another is inspired to produce a beautiful work of art? Why do some people prefer a quiet life? The Psychobiology of Human Motivation explores what directs our behaviour, from basic physiological needs like hunger and thirst to more complex aspects of social behaviour like altruism. Hugh Wagner explores the limits of biological explanations and shows how humans can influence `basic' physiological drives in order to adapt to a complex social environment.

Author : Hugh Wagner
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000340105

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The Psychobiology of Human Motivation by Hugh Wagner Pdf

This is a classic edition of Hugh Wagner’s influential overview of the biopsychological underpinnings of human motivation. It includes a new foreword written by Michael Richter who reflects on Wagner’s 20 years of teaching, writing and research in the field of biopsychology and promises an engaging, succinct and accessible introductory text that remains relevant and useful to students today. The Psychobiology of Human Motivation explores what directs our behaviour, from basic physiological needs like hunger and thirst to more complex aspects of social behaviour like altruism. Wagner explores the limits of biological explanations and shows how humans can influence ‘basic’ physiological drives in order to adapt to a complex social environment. An accessible, engaging resource strengthened by many applied examples, Wagner’s text continues to be integral reading for undergraduate students seeking a solid introduction to the psychology of human motivation across the social and behavioural sciences.

Author : Eleanor H. Simpson,Peter D. Balsam
Publisher : Springer
Page : 587 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-05-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319269351

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Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation by Eleanor H. Simpson,Peter D. Balsam Pdf

This volume covers the current status of research in the neurobiology of motivated behaviors in humans and other animals in healthy condition. This includes consideration of the psychological processes that drive motivated behavior and the anatomical, electrophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms which drive these processes and regulate behavioural output. The volume also includes chapters on pathological disturbances in motivation including apathy, or motivational deficit as well as addictions, the pathological misdirection of motivated behavior. As with the chapters on healthy motivational processes, the chapters on disease provide a comprehensive up to date review of the neurobiological abnormalities that underlie motivation, as determined by studies of patient populations as well as animal models of disease. The book closes with a section on recent developments in treatments for motivational disorders.

Author : Evelyn Satinoff,Philip Teitelbaum
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 593 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468442861

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Motivation by Evelyn Satinoff,Philip Teitelbaum Pdf

Motivation addresses a central problem in psychology: Why does an animal's behavior fluctuate in the face of an unaltered environment? In a sense this is the opposite of the question from which work on motivation began, and for which Claude Bernard invented the concept of the fixity of the internal milieu: How does an animal maintain constancy in the face of a fluctuating environment? Dealing with motivation has become extremely complex as new experiments, phenomena, and theories have extended the concept. This book embodies some of the ways in which work on motivation is currently proceeding. One of the major changes has been the recognition that motivation cannot be explained without an understanding of the biological rhythms and activational systems that underlie behavior. Another is that ecological and evolutionary perspectives add enormously to answering the central problem of why an animal does what it does when it does. The book suffers from several omissions. There is no chapter on the devel opment of motivated behavior. There is none on reward systems in the brain, owing to the untimely death of James Olds, whose contribution would have enriched this book appreciably, and to whom we dedicate it. EVELYN SATINOFF PHILIP TEITELBAUM Vll Contents PART I UNDERLYING ACTIVATIONAL SYSTEMS CHAPTER 1 Motivation, Biological Clocks, and Temporal Organization of Behavior 3 Irving Zucker Reactivity to External Stimuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Reactivity to Interoceptive Stimuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sources of Biological Rhythmicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Rhythm Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . Rhythm Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . Consequences of Rhythm Desynchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . .

Author : Philip Gorman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2004-08-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134587407

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Motivation and Emotion by Philip Gorman Pdf

Motivation and Emotion provides an explanation of emotional experience and aspects of human behaviour using psychological, physiological and alternative approaches. The brain mechanisms that govern motivations are discussed and questions such as 'Why don't we eat ourselves to death?' and 'How do we know we are thirsty?' are answered. Phil Gorman is an A-Level teacher at Stafford College, UK, and a chief examiner for the Edexcel A Level Examination Board. The Routledge Modular Psychology series is a completely new approach to introductory level psychology, tailor-made for the new modular style of teaching. Each book covers a topic in more detail than any large textbook can, allowing teacher and student to select material exactly to suit any particular course or project. Especially written for those students new to higher-level study, whether at school, college or university, the books include the following designed features to help with technique: practise essays with specialist commentary to show how to achieve a higher grade chapter summaries and summaries of key research glossary and further reading progress and review exercises. Series editors: Cara Flanagan is a Reviser for AS and A2 level Psychology and an experienced teacher and examiner. Philip Banyard is Associate Senior Lecturer in Psychology at Nottingham Trent University and a Chief Examiner for AS and A2 level Psychology.

Author : Denys DeCatanzaro
Publisher : Pearson
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Education
ISBN : UOM:39015047087013

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Motivation and Emotion by Denys DeCatanzaro Pdf

This unique book provides a comprehensive study of emotion within a modern evolutionary perspective. Motivation and emotion are presented within an integrated approach that assumes biological and psychological causes, including evolution, neuroscience, endocrinology, human development, and culture. Motivation and Emotion Presents a wealth of modern evidence integrating neuroscience and endocrinology into the study of motivation and emotion. The book provides a variety of photographs of facial expressions showing emotions from people of diverse cultures as well as nonhuman primates. It also discusses modern interactive explanations for specific behaviors, rather than dull, historical perspectives. For example, human affect is explained as a response to social events and stress, resulting in psychophysiological consequences. An essential reference for any professional in sociology or psychology.

Author : David C. Edwards
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780761908326

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Motivation and Emotion by David C. Edwards Pdf

How do culture and other people affect our eating habits? Is love "natural" to humans? Is anger always at the root of aggressive behaviors? Aimed at unraveling the mysteries of human motivation and emotion, author David C. Edwards explores the evolutionary, physiological, social, and cognitive factors that shape each motivational behavior from anger to sex to work and play. Topically organized, this volume provides readers with the best or contemporary findings in each motivational behavior and summarizes how past research in the field contributed to current thought.

Author : Brian Parkinson,Andrew M. Colman
Publisher : Longman Publishing Group
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Adjustment (Psychology)
ISBN : UCSC:32106016851534

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Emotion and Motivation by Brian Parkinson,Andrew M. Colman Pdf

Emotion and Motivation focuses on those areas of Psychology which deal with the transient mental feelings we call emotions and the psychological processes that initiate, energise and direct behaviour known as motivation. It covers topics such as: the definition of emotion and its main components; research into the theory of emotion; emotion and cognition; hunger and appetite; social motivation and social facilitation; sexual motivation, behaviour and its function; major theories of stress and the psychological effects of the three main stress-inducing type of experience.

Author : Russell G. Geen,William W. Beatty,Robert M. Arkin
Publisher : Allyn & Bacon
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Self-Help
ISBN : STANFORD:36105039666826

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Human Motivation by Russell G. Geen,William W. Beatty,Robert M. Arkin Pdf

Author : Bernard Weiner
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Self-Help
ISBN : UOM:39015049668703

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Theories of Motivation; from Mechanism to Cognition by Bernard Weiner Pdf

Author : Adrian Morrison
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 847 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780323142243

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Changing Concepts of the Nervous System by Adrian Morrison Pdf

Changing Concepts of the Nervous System, presents the proceedings of the First Institute of Neurological Sciences Symposium in Neurobiology, held at the University of Pennsylvania in October 1980. The book is divided into four parts consisting of mini symposia on different aspects of the neurosciences. The first mini symposia discuss the anatomical, physiological, developmental, and behavioral plasticity of the nervous system. The second mini symposia cover the changing concepts of the central visual system. The idea of the biological basis of the concept of motivation and its behavioral manifestations from both theoretical and experimental aspects is examined in the third mini symposia. The final mini symposia tackle the four aspects of studies on memory: amnesia (consolidation and retrieval), the role of catecholamines, the role of proteins, and the role of peptides. Anatomists, neurobiologists, neuroscientists, and students and researchers in the field of neuroscience will find the book invaluable.