Logic Syntax And A Structural View

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Logic, Syntax, and a Structural View

Harwood Fisher
Logic Syntax and a Structural View Book PDF

Author : Harwood Fisher
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783030608811

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Logic, Syntax, and a Structural View by Harwood Fisher Pdf

This book presents a new structural approach to the psychology of the person, inspired by Kenneth Colby’s computer-generated simulation, PARRY. The simulation was of a paranoid psychological state, represented in forms of the person's logic and syntax, as these would be evidenced in personal communication. Harwood Fisher uses a Structural View to highlight similarities in the logical form of the linguistic representations of Donald Trump, his avid followers (“Trumpers”), and the paranoid—referred to as “The Trio.” He demonstrates how the Structural View forms a series of logical and schematic patterns, similar to the way that content analysis can bring forth associations meanings, and concepts held in the text. Such comparisons, Fisher argues, can be used to shed light on contingencies for presenting, representing, and judging truth. Specifically, Fisher posits that the major syntactic and logical patterns that were used to produce the computer-generated “paranoid” responses in Colby’s project can be used to analyze Donald Trump’s rhetoric and his followers’ reactions to it. Ultimately, Fisher offers a new kind of structural approach for the philosophy of psychology. This novel work will appeal to students and scholars of social and cognitive psychology, psychology of personality, psychiatric classification, psycholinguistics, rhetoric, and computer science.

Logical Form

Andrea Iacona
Logical Form Book PDF

Author : Andrea Iacona
Publisher : Springer
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2018-01-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319741543

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Logical Form by Andrea Iacona Pdf

Logical form has always been a prime concern for philosophers belonging to the analytic tradition. For at least one century, the study of logical form has been widely adopted as a method of investigation, relying on its capacity to reveal the structure of thoughts or the constitution of facts. This book focuses on the very idea of logical form, which is directly relevant to any principled reflection on that method. Its central thesis is that there is no such thing as a correct answer to the question of what is logical form: two significantly different notions of logical form are needed to fulfill two major theoretical roles that pertain respectively to logic and to semantics. This thesis has a negative and a positive side. The negative side is that a deeply rooted presumption about logical form turns out to be overly optimistic: there is no unique notion of logical form that can play both roles. The positive side is that the distinction between two notions of logical form, once properly spelled out, sheds light on some fundamental issues concerning the relation between logic and language.

Semantics: A View to Logic of Language

Kisno
Semantics A View to Logic of Language Book PDF

Author : Kisno
Publisher : LLC Publishing
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2024-07-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9786029126358

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Semantics: A View to Logic of Language by Kisno Pdf

I see semantics as one branch of linguistics, which is the study of language: as an area of study parallel to, and interacting with, those syntax and phonology, which deal respectively with the formal patterns of language, and the way in which these are translated into sounds. While syntax and phonology study the structure of expressive possibilities in language, semantics study the meanings that can be expressed. It may convincingly be claimed that viewing semantics as a component discipline of linguistics is the most fruitful and exciting point of departure at the present time. The book of this kind cannot attempt an overall survey of the field of semantics or at least, if it does, it will end up as a superficial compendium of what others have thought about meaning. The only sensible course is to give evidence that linguistics does exist in our life and it is hypocritical not to acknowledge that linguistics is difficult to understand due to its scientificity. Semantics is a non-fiction science through its unique approach to find the meaning of language not by guessing or judging something subjectively. The strength of the integrated view is that it makes possible a transfer to semantics of techniques of analysis which have proved successful with other aspects of language. It has to be conceded that the primary appeal of semantics is an intellectual one, similar in some respects to that of mathematics or any pure science. Only after seeking understanding for understanding’s sake can one acquire the wisdom which consists in using that understanding for good ends.

Signs, Mind, and Reality

Sebastian Shaumyan
Signs Mind and Reality Book PDF

Author : Sebastian Shaumyan
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027252012

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Signs, Mind, and Reality by Sebastian Shaumyan Pdf

The book presents a new science of semiotic linguistics. The goal of semiotic linguistics is to discover what characterizes language as an intermediary between the mind and reality so that language creates the picture of reality we perceive. The cornerstone of semiotic linguistics is the discovery and resolution of language antinomies ­-contradictions between two apparently reasonable principles or laws. Language antinomies constitute the essence of language, and hence must be studied from both linguistic and philosophical points of view. The basic language antinomy which underlies all other antinomies is the antinomy between meaning and information. Both generative and classical linguistic theories are unaware of the need to distinguish between meaning and information. By confounding these notions they are unable to discover language antinomies and confine their research to naturalistic description of superficial language phenomena rather than the quest for the essence of language.(Series A)

Building Tightly Integrated Software Development Environments: The IPSEN Approach

Manfred Nagl
Building Tightly Integrated Software Development Environments The IPSEN Approach Book PDF

Author : Manfred Nagl
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 728 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1996-11-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3540619852

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Building Tightly Integrated Software Development Environments: The IPSEN Approach by Manfred Nagl Pdf

This coherently written book is the final report on the IPSEN project on Integrated Software Project Support Environments devoted to the integration of tools for the development and maintenance of large software systems. The theoretical and application-oriented findings of this comprehensive project are presented in the following chapters: Overview: introduction, classification, and global approach; The outside perspective: tools, environments, their integration, and user interface; Internal conceptual modeling: graph grammar specifications; Realization: derivation of efficient tools, Current and future work, open problems; Conclusion: summary, evaluation, and vision. Also included is a comprehensive bibliography listing more than 1300 entries and a detailed index.

Frege's Conception of Logic

Patricia A. Blanchette
Frege s Conception of Logic Book PDF

Author : Patricia A. Blanchette
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-04-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199891627

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Frege's Conception of Logic by Patricia A. Blanchette Pdf

In Frege's Conception of Logic Patricia A. Blanchette explores the relationship between Gottlob Frege's understanding of conceptual analysis and his understanding of logic. She argues that the fruitfulness of Frege's conception of logic, and the illuminating differences between that conception and those more modern views that have largely supplanted it, are best understood against the backdrop of a clear account of the role of conceptual analysis in logical investigation. The first part of the book locates the role of conceptual analysis in Frege's logicist project. Blanchette argues that despite a number of difficulties, Frege's use of analysis in the service of logicism is a powerful and coherent tool. As a result of coming to grips with his use of that tool, we can see that there is, despite appearances, no conflict between Frege's intention to demonstrate the grounds of ordinary arithmetic and the fact that the numerals of his derived sentences fail to co-refer with ordinary numerals. In the second part of the book, Blanchette explores the resulting conception of logic itself, and some of the straightforward ways in which Frege's conception differs from its now-familiar descendants. In particular, Blanchette argues that consistency, as Frege understands it, differs significantly from the kind of consistency demonstrable via the construction of models. To appreciate this difference is to appreciate the extent to which Frege was right in his debate with Hilbert over consistency- and independence-proofs in geometry. For similar reasons, modern results such as the completeness of formal systems and the categoricity of theories do not have for Frege the same importance they are commonly taken to have by his post-Tarskian descendants. These differences, together with the coherence of Frege's position, provide reason for caution with respect to the appeal to formal systems and their properties in the treatment of fundamental logical properties and relations.

On Determining What There is

Paul Symington
On Determining What There is Book PDF

Author : Paul Symington
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110322484

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On Determining What There is by Paul Symington Pdf

Generally, categories are understood to express the most general features of reality. Yet, since categories have this special status, obtaining a correct list of them is difficult. This question is addressed by examining how Thomas Aquinas establishes the list of categories through a technique of identifying diversity in how predicates are per se related to their subjects. A sophisticated critique by Duns Scotus of this position is also examined, a rejection which is fundamentally grounded in the idea that no real distinction can be made from a logical one. It is argued Aquinas's approach can be rehabilitated in that real distinctions are possible when specifically considering per se modes of predication. This discussion between Aquinas and Scotus bears fruit in a contemporary context insofar as it bears upon, strengthens, and seeks to correct E. J. Lowe's four-category ontology view regarding the identity and relation of the categories.

Philosophy of Syntax

Mieszko Talasiewicz
Philosophy of Syntax Book PDF

Author : Mieszko Talasiewicz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2009-11-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789048132881

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Philosophy of Syntax by Mieszko Talasiewicz Pdf

Since 1970-ties in the theory of syntax of natural language quite a number of competing, incommensurable theoretic frameworks have emerged. Today the lack of a leading paradigm and kaleidoscope of perspectives deprives our general understanding of syntax and its relation to semantics and pragmatics. The present book is an attempt to reestablish the most fundamental ideas and intuitions of syntactic well-formedness within a new general account. The account is not supposed to compete with any of today’s syntactic frameworks, but to provide a deeper understanding of why these frameworks succeed or fail when they do and to show a new way for cooperation between logicians and linguists which may lead in future to a unified, yet more specific account.

Language, Form, and Logic

Peter Ludlow,Saso Živanović
Language Form and Logic Book PDF

Author : Peter Ludlow,Saso Živanović
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2022-02-24
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199591534

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Language, Form, and Logic by Peter Ludlow,Saso Živanović Pdf

This book takes an idea first explored by medieval logicians 800 years ago and revisits it armed with the tools of contemporary linguistics, logic, and computer science. The idea - the Holy Grail of the medieval logicians - was the thought that all of logic could be reduced to two very simple rules that are sensitive to logical polarity (for example, the presence and absence of negations). Ludlow and Živanović pursue this idea and show how it has profound consequences for our understanding of the nature of human inferential capacities. They also show its consequences for some of the deepest issues in contemporary linguistics, including the nature of quantification, puzzles about discourse anaphora and pragmatics, and even insights into the source of aboutness in natural language. The key to their enterprise is a formal relation they call "p-scope" - a polarity-sensitive relation that controls the operations that can be carried out in their Dynamic Deductive System. They show that with p-scope in play, deductions can be carried out using sublogical operations like those they call COPY and PRUNE - operations that are simple syntactic operations on sentences. They prove that the resulting deductive system is complete and sound. The result is a beautiful formal tapestry in which p-scope unlocks important properties of natural language, including the property of "restrictedness," which they prove to be equivalent to the semantic notion of conservativity. More than that, they show that restrictedness is also a key to understanding quantification and discourse anaphora, and many other linguistic phenomena.

Structures and Algorithms

Jens Erik Fenstad
Structures and Algorithms Book PDF

Author : Jens Erik Fenstad
Publisher : Springer
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319729749

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Structures and Algorithms by Jens Erik Fenstad Pdf

This book explains exactly what human knowledge is. The key concepts in this book are structures and algorithms, i.e., what the readers “see” and how they make use of what they see. Thus in comparison with some other books on the philosophy (or methodology) of science, which employ a syntactic approach, the author’s approach is model theoretic or structural. Properly understood, it extends the current art and science of mathematical modeling to all fields of knowledge. The link between structure and algorithms is mathematics. But viewing “mathematics” as such a link is not exactly what readers most likely learned in school; thus, the task of this book is to explain what “mathematics” should actually mean. Chapter 1, an introductory essay, presents a general analysis of structures, algorithms and how they are to be linked. Several examples from the natural and social sciences, and from the history of knowledge, are provided in Chapters 2–6. In turn, Chapters 7 and 8 extend the analysis to include language and the mind. Structures are what the readers see. And, as abstract cultural objects, they can almost always be seen in many different ways. But certain structures, such as natural numbers and the basic theory of grammar, seem to have an absolute character. Any theory of knowledge grounded in human culture must explain how this is possible. The author’s analysis of this cultural invariance, combining insights from evolutionary theory and neuroscience, is presented in the book’s closing chapter. The book will be of interest to researchers, students and those outside academia who seek a deeper understanding of knowledge in our present-day society.

Handbook of Logic and Language

Johan F.A.K. van Benthem,Alice ter Meulen
Handbook of Logic and Language Book PDF

Author : Johan F.A.K. van Benthem,Alice ter Meulen
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1169 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2010-12-17
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780444537270

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Handbook of Logic and Language by Johan F.A.K. van Benthem,Alice ter Meulen Pdf

The logical study of language is becoming more interdisciplinary, playing a role in fields such as computer science, artificial intelligence, cognitive science and game theory. This new edition, written by the leading experts in the field, presents an overview of the latest developments at the interface of logic and linguistics as well as a historical perspective. It is divided into three parts covering Frameworks, General Topics and Descriptive Themes. Completely revised and updated - includes over 25% new material Discusses the interface between logic and language Many of the authors are creators or active developers of the theories

Formal Ontology

Jani Hakkarainen,Markku Keinänen
Formal Ontology Book PDF

Author : Jani Hakkarainen,Markku Keinänen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2023-09-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781009080538

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Formal Ontology by Jani Hakkarainen,Markku Keinänen Pdf

Formal ontology as a main branch of metaphysics investigates categories of being. In the formal ontological approach to metaphysics, these ontological categories are analysed by ontological forms. This analysis, which the Element illustrates by some category systems, provides a tool to assess the clarity, exactness and intelligibility of different category systems or formal ontologies. It discusses critically different accounts of ontological form in the literature. Of ontological form, the authors propose a character-neutral relational account. In this metatheory, ontological forms of entities are their standings in internal relations whose holding is neutral on the character of their relata. These relations are 'formal ontological relations'. The Element concludes by showing that our metatheory is useful for understanding categorial fundamentality/non-fundamentality, different formal ontologies, and for unifying metaphysical questions. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Unity and Fragmentation in Psychology

Nicolò Gaj
Unity and Fragmentation in Psychology Book PDF

Author : Nicolò Gaj
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317313489

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Unity and Fragmentation in Psychology by Nicolò Gaj Pdf

Psychology has always defined itself as a science and yet it has lacked the theoretical and methodological unity regarded as characteristic of the natural sciences. Nicolò Gaj explores the topical question of unification in psychology, setting out a conceptual framework for considerations of unity and disunity, and exploring the evidence of its fragmentation. He takes a critical look at the history of the most prominent attempts at unification, and at the desirability and feasibility of the whole project. The book represents a unique and valuable attempt to address the issue of unification from a philosophical perspective, and via a combination of theoretical and empirical research.

Foundations of Logical Consequence

Colin R. Caret,Ole T. Hjortland
Foundations of Logical Consequence Book PDF

Author : Colin R. Caret,Ole T. Hjortland
Publisher : Mind Association Occasional
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780198715696

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Foundations of Logical Consequence by Colin R. Caret,Ole T. Hjortland Pdf

This volume presents new work on a central issue in the philosophy of logic. Leading figures in the field offer ground-breaking insights into topics including the nature of logical consequence; the relation between logic and inference; the relativity of logic; and the structural properties of the consequence relation.

Beyond Superstructuralism

Richard Harland
Beyond Superstructuralism Book PDF

Author : Richard Harland
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2003-09-02
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781134923137

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Beyond Superstructuralism by Richard Harland Pdf

Challenges the foundation of recent literary and language-based theory, offering instead a syntagmatic approach to language. Covers `post-Chomskyan' linguistics, deconstruction, analytic and speech-act theory.