Logic With Trees

Author : Colin Howson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2005-10-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134785506

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Logic with Trees by Colin Howson Pdf

Logic With Trees is a new and original introduction to modern formal logic. Unlike most texts, it also contains discussions on more philosophical issues such as truth, conditionals and modal logic. It presents the formal material with clarity, preferring informal explanations and arguments to intimidatingly rigorous development. Worked examples and excercises enable the readers to check their progress. Logic With Trees equips students with * a complete and clear account of the truth-tree system for first order logic * the importance of logic and its relevance to many different disciplines * the skills to grasp sophisticated formal reasoning techniques necessary to explore complex metalogic * the ability to contest claims that `ordinary' reasoning is well represented by formal first order logic The issues covered include a thorough discussion of truth-functional and full first order logic, using the truth-tree or semantic tableau approach. Completeness and Soundness proofs are given for both truth-functional and first order trees. Much use is made of induction, which is presented in a clear and consistent manner. There is also discussion of alternative deductive systems, an introduction to transfinite numbers and categoricity, the Lowenhein-Skolem theories and the celebrated findings of Godel and Church. The book concludes with an account of Kripke's attempted solution of the liar paradox and a discussion of the weakness of truth-functional account of conditionals. Particularly useful to those who favour critical accounts of formal reasoning, it will be of interest to students of philosophy at first level and beyond and also students of mathematics and computer science.

Author : Colin Howson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2005-10-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134785513

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Logic with Trees by Colin Howson Pdf

Logic With Trees is a new and original introduction to modern formal logic. Unlike most texts, it also contains discussions on more philosophical issues such as truth, conditionals and modal logic. It presents the formal material with clarity, preferring informal explanations and arguments to intimidatingly rigorous development. Worked examples and excercises enable the readers to check their progress. Logic With Trees equips students with * a complete and clear account of the truth-tree system for first order logic * the importance of logic and its relevance to many different disciplines * the skills to grasp sophisticated formal reasoning techniques necessary to explore complex metalogic * the ability to contest claims that `ordinary' reasoning is well represented by formal first order logic The issues covered include a thorough discussion of truth-functional and full first order logic, using the truth-tree or semantic tableau approach. Completeness and Soundness proofs are given for both truth-functional and first order trees. Much use is made of induction, which is presented in a clear and consistent manner. There is also discussion of alternative deductive systems, an introduction to transfinite numbers and categoricity, the Lowenhein-Skolem theories and the celebrated findings of Godel and Church. The book concludes with an account of Kripke's attempted solution of the liar paradox and a discussion of the weakness of truth-functional account of conditionals. Particularly useful to those who favour critical accounts of formal reasoning, it will be of interest to students of philosophy at first level and beyond and also students of mathematics and computer science.

Author : Andrzej Indrzejczak
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-16
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783030571450

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Sequents and Trees by Andrzej Indrzejczak Pdf

This textbook offers a detailed introduction to the methodology and applications of sequent calculi in propositional logic. Unlike other texts concerned with proof theory, emphasis is placed on illustrating how to use sequent calculi to prove a wide range of metatheoretical results. The presentation is elementary and self-contained, with all technical details both formally stated and also informally explained. Numerous proofs are worked through to demonstrate methods of proving important results, such as the cut-elimination theorem, completeness, decidability, and interpolation. Other proofs are presented with portions left as exercises for readers, allowing them to practice techniques of sequent calculus. After a brief introduction to classical propositional logic, the text explores three variants of sequent calculus and their features and applications. The remaining chapters then show how sequent calculi can be extended, modified, and applied to non-classical logics, including modal, intuitionistic, substructural, and many-valued logics. Sequents and Trees is suitable for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in logic taking courses on proof theory and its application to non-classical logics. It will also be of interest to researchers in computer science and philosophers.

Author : David W. Agler
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781442217423

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Symbolic Logic by David W. Agler Pdf

Brimming with visual examples of concepts, derivation rules, and proof strategies, this introductory text is ideal for students with no previous experience in logic. Symbolic Logic: Syntax, Semantics, and Proof introduces students to the fundamental concepts, techniques, and topics involved in deductive reasoning. Agler guides students through the basics of symbolic logic by explaining the essentials of two classical systems, propositional and predicate logic. Students will learn translation both from formal language into English and from English into formal language; how to use truth trees and truth tables to test propositions for logical properties; and how to construct and strategically use derivation rules in proofs. This text makes this often confounding topic much more accessible with step-by-step example proofs, chapter glossaries of key terms, hundreds of homework problems and solutions for practice, and suggested further readings.

Author : Merrie Bergmann,James Moor,Jack Nelson
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2008-07-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 007353563X

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The Logic Book by Merrie Bergmann,James Moor,Jack Nelson Pdf

This leading text for symbolic or formal logic courses presents all techniques and concepts with clear, comprehensive explanations, and includes a wealth of carefully constructed examples. Its flexible organization (with all chapters complete and self-contained) allows instructors the freedom to cover the topics they want in the order they choose.

Author : Nicholas J.J. Smith
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691151632

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Logic by Nicholas J.J. Smith Pdf

Provides an essential introduction to classical logic.

Author : Peter Smith
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2003-11-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0521008042

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An Introduction to Formal Logic by Peter Smith Pdf

Formal logic provides us with a powerful set of techniques for criticizing some arguments and showing others to be valid. These techniques are relevant to all of us with an interest in being skilful and accurate reasoners. In this highly accessible book, Peter Smith presents a guide to the fundamental aims and basic elements of formal logic. He introduces the reader to the languages of propositional and predicate logic, and then develops formal systems for evaluating arguments translated into these languages, concentrating on the easily comprehensible 'tree' method. His discussion is richly illustrated with worked examples and exercises. A distinctive feature is that, alongside the formal work, there is illuminating philosophical commentary. This book will make an ideal text for a first logic course, and will provide a firm basis for further work in formal and philosophical logic.

Author : James W. Garson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2006-08-14
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780521682299

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Modal Logic for Philosophers by James W. Garson Pdf

This 2006 book provides an accessible, yet technically sound treatment of modal logic and its philosophical applications.

Author : Paul A. Gregory
Publisher : Broadview Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781770485945

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Formal Logic by Paul A. Gregory Pdf

Formal Logic is an undergraduate text suitable for introductory, intermediate, and advanced courses in symbolic logic. The book’s nine chapters offer thorough coverage of truth-functional and quantificational logic, as well as the basics of more advanced topics such as set theory and modal logic. Complex ideas are explained in plain language that doesn’t presuppose any background in logic or mathematics, and derivation strategies are illustrated with numerous examples. Translations, tables, trees, natural deduction, and simple meta-proofs are taught through over 400 exercises. A companion website offers supplemental practice software and tutorial videos.

Author : Charles Conn,Robert McLean
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781119553038

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Bulletproof Problem Solving by Charles Conn,Robert McLean Pdf

Complex problem solving is the core skill for 21st Century Teams Complex problem solving is at the very top of the list of essential skills for career progression in the modern world. But how problem solving is taught in our schools, universities, businesses and organizations comes up short. In Bulletproof Problem Solving: The One Skill That Changes Everything you’ll learn the seven-step systematic approach to creative problem solving developed in top consulting firms that will work in any field or industry, turning you into a highly sought-after bulletproof problem solver who can tackle challenges that others balk at. The problem-solving technique outlined in this book is based on a highly visual, logic-tree method that can be applied to everything from everyday decisions to strategic issues in business to global social challenges. The authors, with decades of experience at McKinsey and Company, provide 30 detailed, real-world examples, so you can see exactly how the technique works in action. With this bulletproof approach to defining, unpacking, understanding, and ultimately solving problems, you’ll have a personal superpower for developing compelling solutions in your workplace. Discover the time-tested 7-step technique to problem solving that top consulting professionals employ Learn how a simple visual system can help you break down and understand the component parts of even the most complex problems Build team brainstorming techniques that fight cognitive bias, streamline workplanning, and speed solutions Know when and how to employ modern analytic tools and techniques from machine learning to game theory Learn how to structure and communicate your findings to convince audiences and compel action The secrets revealed in Bulletproof Problem Solving will transform the way you approach problems and take you to the next level of business and personal success.

Author : David Byrne
Publisher : Canongate Books
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-05
Category : Design
ISBN : 9781786899514

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Arboretum by David Byrne Pdf

For over thirty years, besides making music, David Byrne has focused his unique genius upon forms as diverse as the archaeology of music as we know it, architectural photography and the uses of PowerPoint. Now he presents his most personal work to date, a collection of drawings exploring the form of the tree diagram. Arboretum is an eclectic blend of science, automatic writing, self-analysis and satire. A journey through irrational logic - the application of scientific rigour and form to irrational premises, proceeding from careful nonsense to unexpected sense. The tree diagram is a form that might reveal more about yourself than you dreamed possible.

Author : Hans Halvorson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2024-08-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691211954

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How Logic Works by Hans Halvorson Pdf

A concise introduction to logic that teaches you not only how reasoning works, but why it works How Logic Works is an introductory logic textbook that is different by design. Rather than teaching elementary symbolic logic as an abstract or rote mathematical exercise divorced from ordinary thinking, Hans Halvorson presents it as the skill of clear and rigorous reasoning, which is essential in all fields and walks of life, from the sciences to the humanities—anywhere that making good arguments, and spotting bad ones, is critical to success. Instead of teaching how to apply algorithms using “truth trees,” as in the vast majority of logic textbooks, How Logic Works builds on and reinforces the innate human skills of making and evaluating arguments. It does this by introducing the methods of natural deduction, an approach that teaches students not only how to carry out a proof and solve a problem but also what the principles of valid reasoning are and how they can be applied to any subject. The book also allows students to transition smoothly to more advanced topics in logic by teaching them general techniques that apply to more complicated scenarios, such as how to formulate theories about specific subject matter. How Logic Works shows that formal logic—far from being only for mathematicians or a diversion from the really deep questions of philosophy and human life—is the best account we have of what it means to be rational. By teaching logic in a way that makes students aware of how they already use it, the book will help them to become even better thinkers. Offers a concise, readable, and user-friendly introduction to elementary symbolic logic that primarily uses natural deduction rather than algorithmic “truth trees” Draws on more than two decades’ experience teaching introductory logic to undergraduates Provides a stepping stone to more advanced topics

Author : Greg Restall
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Logic
ISBN : 9781134145997

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Logic by Greg Restall Pdf

Author : Michael Kaminski,Simone Martini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 523 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2008-09-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540875307

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Computer Science Logic by Michael Kaminski,Simone Martini Pdf

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Workshop on Computer Science Logic, CSL 2008, held as the 17th Annual Conference of the EACSL in Bertinoro, Italy, in September 2008. The 31 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 102 submissions. All current aspects of logic in computer science are addressed, ranging from foundational and methodological issues to application issues of practical relevance. The book concludes with a presentation of this year's Ackermann award.

Author : Rodger L. Jackson,Melanie L. McLeod
Publisher : Broadview Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781460402788

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The Logic of Our Language by Rodger L. Jackson,Melanie L. McLeod Pdf

The Logic of Our Language teaches the practical and everyday application of formal logic. Rather than overwhelming the reader with abstract theory, Jackson and McLeod show how the skills developed through the practice of logic can help us to better understand our own language and reasoning processes. The authors’ goal is to draw attention to the patterns and logical structures inherent in our spoken and written language by teaching the reader how to translate English sentences into formal symbols. Other logical tools, including truth tables, truth trees, and natural deduction, are then introduced as techniques for examining the properties of symbolized sentences and assessing the validity of arguments. A substantial number of practice questions are offered both within the book itself and as interactive activities on a companion website.