Losses In Water Distribution Networks

Author : M. Farley,Stuart Trow
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2003-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781900222112

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Losses in Water Distribution Networks by M. Farley,Stuart Trow Pdf

This is a best practice manual for addressing water losses in water distribution networks worldwide. Systems and methodologies are presented for improving water loss and leakage management in a range of networks, from systems with a well-developed infrastructure to those in developing countries where the network may need to be upgraded. The key feature of the manual is a diagnostic approach to develop a water loss strategy - using the appropriate tools to find the right solutions - which can be applied to any network. The methods of assessing the scale and volume of water loss are outlined, together with the procedures for setting up leakage monitoring and detection systems. As well as real losses (leakage) procedures for addressing apparent losses, by introducing regulatory and customer metering policies are explained. Suggestions are made for demand management and water conservation programmes, to complement the water loss strategy. Recommendations are made for training workshops and operation and maintenance programmes to ensure skills transfer and sustainability. The manual is illustrated throughout with case studies. Losses in Water Distribution Networks will appeal to a wide range of practitioners responsible for designing and managing a water loss strategy. These include consultants, operations managers, engineers, technicians and operational staff. It will also be a valuable reference for senior managers and decision makers, who may require an overview of the principles and procedures for controlling losses. The book will also be suitable as a source document for courses in Water Engineering, Resource Management and Environmental Management.

Author : Taha M. Al-Washali
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-06-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000380439

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Water Loss Assessment in Distribution Networks by Taha M. Al-Washali Pdf

Water utilities worldwide lose 128 billion cubic meters annually, causing annual monetary losses estimated at USD 40 billion. Most of these losses occur in developing countries (74%). This calls for rethinking the challenges facing water utilities in developing countries, foremost of which is the assessment of water losses in intermittent supply networks. Water loss assessment methods were originally developed in continuous supply systems, and their application in intermittently operated networks (in developing countries) is hindered by the widespread use of household water tanks and unauthorised consumption. This study provides an extensive review of existing methods and (software) tools for water loss assessment. In addition, several new methods were developed, which offer improved water loss assessment in intermittent supply. As the volume of water loss varies monthly and annually according to the amount of supplied water, this study proposes procedures to normalise the volume of water loss in order to enable water utilities to monitor and benchmark their performance on water loss management. The study also developed a novel method of estimating apparent losses using routine data of WWTP inflows, enabling future real-time monitoring of losses in networks. Different methods have also been suggested to estimate the unauthorised consumption in networks. This study found that minimum night flow analysis can still be applied in intermittent supply if an area of the network is supplied for several days. Furthermore, this study concluded that water meter performance is enhanced in intermittent supply conditions. However, continuous supply in the presence of float-valves significantly reduces the accuracy of water meters. Finally, this study provides guidance and highlights several knowledge gaps in order to improve the accuracy of water loss assessment in intermittent supply. Accurate assessment of water loss is a prerequisite for reliable leakage modelling and minimisation as well as planning for, and monitoring of water loss management in distribution networks.

Author : Stuart Hamilton,Bambos Charalambous,Gary Wyeth
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 1780409192

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Improving Water Supply Networks: Fit for Purpose Strategies and Technologies by Stuart Hamilton,Bambos Charalambous,Gary Wyeth Pdf

Knowing how to manage the losses from water supply networks and how to get to the next level in bettering your system is a major problem and one that is most common in the majority of water companies worldwide. Sometimes water companies set their sights too high and cannot deliver due to non-realistic targets setting. Of course this is considered or seen as a failure within the company or country when it is really just exceeding expectations of what can be delivered. The aim of System Losses from Water Supply Networks is to assist water companies to identify where they are on the ‘water loss ladder’ and what is required to move to the next level. The book will provide an understanding of what the water companies need to achieve and where they should be aiming for in their efforts to reduce water losses. The book provides useful and practical information on non-revenue water (NRW) issues and solutions enriched with relevant case studies.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Public Water Supply Distribution Systems: Assessing and Reducing Risks
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2007-01-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309103060

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Drinking Water Distribution Systems by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Public Water Supply Distribution Systems: Assessing and Reducing Risks Pdf

Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.

Author : Giuseppe Pezzinga,Enrico Creaco
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783038975564

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Advances in Water Distribution Networks by Giuseppe Pezzinga,Enrico Creaco Pdf

The Special Issue on Advances in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) explores four important topics of research in the framework of WDNs, namely simulation and optimization modelling, topology and partitioning, water quality, and service effectiveness. With regard to the first topic, the following aspects are addressed: pressure-driven formulations, algorithms for the optimal location of control valves to minimize leakage, the benefits of water discharge prediction for the remote real time control of valves, and transients generated by pumps operating as turbines. In the context of the second topic, a topological taxonomy of WDNs is presented, and partitioning methods for the creation of district metered areas are compared. In relation to the third topic, the vulnerability to trihalomethane is assessed, and a statistical optimization model to minimize heavy metal releases is presented. Finally, the fourth topic focusses on the estimation of non-revenue water, including leakage and unauthorized consumption, and on the assessment of service under intermittent supply conditions.

Author : Diofantos Hadjimitsis,Athos Agapiou,Kyriacos Themistocleous
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014-11-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789535117292

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Integrated Use of Space, Geophysical and Hyperspectral Technologies Intended for Monitoring Water Leakages in Water Supply Networks by Diofantos Hadjimitsis,Athos Agapiou,Kyriacos Themistocleous Pdf

Remote sensing has been used for water management purposes over the years. This book describes the combination of satellite imagery, in-situ spectroradiometric data and radar techniques for the identification of water leakages in the water supply network in both rural and urban areas in Cyprus. This book presents a holistic approach combining new technologies for a complete system of water distribution network leakage detection management, by combining Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Satellite Remote Sensing techniques as well Geophysical surveys such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and spectro-radiometric measurements, which can be used to effectively identify and monitor water leakages.

Author : James W. Male,Richard R. Noss,I. Christina Moore
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Municipal water supply
ISBN : UCR:31210024723551

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Identifying and Reducing Losses in Water Distribution Systems by James W. Male,Richard R. Noss,I. Christina Moore Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Water
ISBN : 0724294953

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Managing and Reducing Losses from Water Distribution Systems: manual 3. Economics of water loss management by Anonim Pdf

Author : Pramod R. Bhave,Rajesh Gupta
Publisher : Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1842653598

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Analysis of Water Distribution Networks by Pramod R. Bhave,Rajesh Gupta Pdf

Analysis of a Water Distribution Network may be necessary to know its behaviour under normal and deficient conditions and the design of a new network. Various methods such as Hardy Cross, Newton-Raphson, Linear Theory, and Gradient for static and time-dependent (extended period) analyses are described with small illustrative examples. The book also covers analysis considering withdrawal along links, head-dependent and performance-based analyses, calibration of existing networks, water quality modeling, analysis considering uncertainty of parameters, and reliability analysis of water distribution networks. Brief description of available computer softwares is also given.

Author : Helena Alegre,Jaime M. Baptista,Enrique Cabrera Jr,Francisco Cubillo,Patricia Duarte,Wolfram Hirner,Wolf Merkel,Renato Parena
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781780406329

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Performance Indicators for Water Supply Services by Helena Alegre,Jaime M. Baptista,Enrique Cabrera Jr,Francisco Cubillo,Patricia Duarte,Wolfram Hirner,Wolf Merkel,Renato Parena Pdf

The IWA Performance Indicator System for water services is now recognized as a worldwide reference. Since it first appearance in 2000, the system has been widely quoted, adapted and used in a large number of projects both for internal performance assessment and metric benchmarking. Water professionals have benefited from a coherent and flexible system, with precise and detailed definitions that in many cases have become a standard. The system has proven to be adaptable and it has been used in very different contexts for diverse purposes. The Performance Indicators System can be used in any organization regardless of its size, nature (public, private, etc.) or degree of complexity and development. The third edition of Performance Indicators for Water Supply Services represents a further improvement of the original manual. It contains a reviewed and consolidated version of the indicators, resulting from the real needs of water companies worldwide that were expressed during the extensive field testing of the original system. The indicators now properly cover bulk distribution and the needs of developing countries, and all definitions have been thoroughly revised. The confidence grading scheme has been simplified and the procedure to assess the results- uncertainty has been significantly enhanced. In addition to the updated contents of the original edition, a large part of the manual is now devoted to the practical application of the system. Complete with simplified step-by-step implementation procedures and case studies, the manual provides guidelines on how to adapt the IWA concepts and indicators to specific contexts and objectives. This new edition of Performance Indicators for Water Supply Services is an invaluable reference source for all those concerned with managing the performance of the water supply industry, including those in the water utilities as well as regulators, policy-makers and financial agencies.

Author : Rudolf Frauendorfer,Roland Liemberger
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2010-12-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789290921936

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The Issues and Challenges of Reducing Non-Revenue Water by Rudolf Frauendorfer,Roland Liemberger Pdf

Improving the efficiency of water utilities and reducing water losses are becoming top priorities in Asia, with its often-limited water resources and rapidly increasing urban population. This publication provides an up-to-date introduction to the subject matter, highlights the complexity of managing non-revenue water (NRW), offers guidance on NRW assessment, and recommends appropriate performance indicators. It is, to a large extent, based on the work of the Water Loss Specialist Group of the International Water Association in the last decade, and is amply complemented by the authors' practical experiences in Asia and in other countries around the world.

Author : Enrique Cabrera,Antonio F. Vela
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401718417

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Improving Efficiency and Reliability in Water Distribution Systems by Enrique Cabrera,Antonio F. Vela Pdf

This book contains the lectures given in the International Course "Improving efficiency and reliability in water supply systems", hosted and sponsored by the Menendez Pelayo International University (U.I.M.P.) and co-sponsored by Aguas de Valencia, the British Council and the EC Cornett and Erasmus programmes. The short course took place in Valencia (Spain) in November 1994, with an attendance of more than one hundred delegates. We must not only acknowedge and thank Dr. Joaquin Azagra, as UIMP Director, but also his collaborators D. Luis Moreno and Lidia Lopez for their support in the preparation of the Course and during the course taking place. UIMP sponsorship allowed us to assemble in Valencia an eminent cadre of lecturers coming from all over the world, that covered in an ordered and precise fashion some of the more relevant aspects on efficiency and reliability in water supply systems. We are very thankful to all these leading lecturers for their invaluable cooperation. The publication of this book and the Spanish edition as well, have been made possible thanks to the sponsorship of both Polytechnic University of Valencia througout its Chancellor, Justo Nieto, and Aguas de Valencia throughout its General Director Alvaro Aguirre. We must also thank Kluwer Academic Publishers and especially their Publisher Petra van Steenbergen for her assistance, careful presentation and production of the book.

Author : Stuart Hamilton,Ronnie McKenzie
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2014-10-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781780406350

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Water Management and Water Loss by Stuart Hamilton,Ronnie McKenzie Pdf

Water Management and Water Loss contains a selection of papers and articles written by various internationally recognised specialists in the field of water loss reduction. The articles have been drawn together from IWA conferences during the past 5 years and provide details of how water losses from Municipal distribution systems can be reduced. The book provides useful background information and reference materials to help explain the different approaches and interventions that are used to reduce water losses. Numerous real case studies are provided that highlight the processes and methodologies employed around the world to reduce water losses. Water Management and Water Loss covers many aspects of water loss control including, pressure management, leak detection and repair, Internal plumbing losses and retrofitting, community involvement and education/awareness, schools education and leak repair projects. Authors: Stuart Hamilton, Hydrotec Ltd.,Thorpe Underwood, Northants, UK and Ronnie McKenzie, Groenkloof, Pretoria, South Africa

Author : Prabhata K. Swamee,Ashok K. Sharma
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2008-01-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470225042

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Design of Water Supply Pipe Networks by Prabhata K. Swamee,Ashok K. Sharma Pdf

This authoritative resource consolidates comprehensive information on the analysis and design of water supply systems into one practical, hands-on reference. After an introduction and explanation of the basic principles of pipe flows, it covers topics ranging from cost considerations to optimal water distribution design to various types of systems to writing water distribution programs. With numerous examples and closed-form design equations, this is the definitive reference for civil and environmental engineers, water supply managers and planners, and postgraduate students.

Author : Symeon Christodoulou,Michalis Fragiadakis,Agathoklis Agathokleous,Savvas Xanthos
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128136539

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Urban Water Distribution Networks by Symeon Christodoulou,Michalis Fragiadakis,Agathoklis Agathokleous,Savvas Xanthos Pdf

Urban Water Distribution Networks: Assessing Systems Vulnerabilities and Risks provides a methodology for a system-wide assessment of water distribution networks (WDN) based on component analysis, network topology and, most importantly, the effects of a network's past performance on its seismic and/or non-seismic reliability. Water distribution networks engineers and system designers face multiple operational issues in delivering safe and clean potable water to their customers. Includes vulnerability assessment methods for water distribution pipes Discusses topological aspects and their effects on network vulnerability Explores analytical and numerical modeling methods for finding and analyzing systems vulnerabilities in water distribution networks Features real world case studies of networks under continuous and intermittent water supply operations