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Author : James W. Male,Richard R. Noss,I. Christina Moore
Publisher : Noyes Data Corporation/Noyes Publications
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1985-01-01
Category : Loss control
ISBN : 0815510500
Author : M. Farley,Stuart Trow
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2003-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781900222112
This is a best practice manual for addressing water losses in water distribution networks worldwide. Systems and methodologies are presented for improving water loss and leakage management in a range of networks, from systems with a well-developed infrastructure to those in developing countries where the network may need to be upgraded. The key feature of the manual is a diagnostic approach to develop a water loss strategy - using the appropriate tools to find the right solutions - which can be applied to any network. The methods of assessing the scale and volume of water loss are outlined, together with the procedures for setting up leakage monitoring and detection systems. As well as real losses (leakage) procedures for addressing apparent losses, by introducing regulatory and customer metering policies are explained. Suggestions are made for demand management and water conservation programmes, to complement the water loss strategy. Recommendations are made for training workshops and operation and maintenance programmes to ensure skills transfer and sustainability. The manual is illustrated throughout with case studies. Losses in Water Distribution Networks will appeal to a wide range of practitioners responsible for designing and managing a water loss strategy. These include consultants, operations managers, engineers, technicians and operational staff. It will also be a valuable reference for senior managers and decision makers, who may require an overview of the principles and procedures for controlling losses. The book will also be suitable as a source document for courses in Water Engineering, Resource Management and Environmental Management.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Public Water Supply Distribution Systems: Assessing and Reducing Risks
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2005-04-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309181846
The Water Science and Technology Board has released the first report of the Committee on Public Water Supply Distribution Systems: Assessing and Reducing Risks, which is studying water quality issues associated with public water supply distribution systems and their potential risks to consumers. The distribution system, which is a critical component of every drinking water utility, constitutes a significant management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. This first report was requested by the EPA, as the agency considers revisions to the Total Coliform Rule with potential new requirements for ensuring the integrity of the distribution system. This first report identifies trends relevant to the deterioration of drinking water quality in distribution systems and prioritizes issues of greatest concern according to high, medium, and low priority categories. Of the issues presented in nine EPA white papers that were reviewed by the committee, cross connections and backflow, new or repaired water mains, and finished water storage facilities were judged by the committee to be of the highest importance based on their associated potential health risks. In addition, the report noted that two other issues should also be accorded high priority: premise plumbing and distribution system operator training. This first report will be followed in about 18 months by a more comprehensive final report that evaluates approaches for risk characterization and identifies strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Public Water Supply Distribution Systems: Assessing and Reducing Risks
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2007-01-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309103060
Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Author : Taha M. Al-Washali
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2021-06-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000380385
Water utilities worldwide lose 128 billion cubic meters annually, causing annual monetary losses estimated at USD 40 billion. Most of these losses occur in developing countries (74%). This calls for rethinking the challenges facing water utilities in developing countries, foremost of which is the assessment of water losses in intermittent supply networks. Water loss assessment methods were originally developed in continuous supply systems, and their application in intermittently operated networks (in developing countries) is hindered by the widespread use of household water tanks and unauthorised consumption. This study provides an extensive review of existing methods and (software) tools for water loss assessment. In addition, several new methods were developed, which offer improved water loss assessment in intermittent supply. As the volume of water loss varies monthly and annually according to the amount of supplied water, this study proposes procedures to normalise the volume of water loss in order to enable water utilities to monitor and benchmark their performance on water loss management. The study also developed a novel method of estimating apparent losses using routine data of WWTP inflows, enabling future real-time monitoring of losses in networks. Different methods have also been suggested to estimate the unauthorised consumption in networks. This study found that minimum night flow analysis can still be applied in intermittent supply if an area of the network is supplied for several days. Furthermore, this study concluded that water meter performance is enhanced in intermittent supply conditions. However, continuous supply in the presence of float-valves significantly reduces the accuracy of water meters. Finally, this study provides guidance and highlights several knowledge gaps in order to improve the accuracy of water loss assessment in intermittent supply. Accurate assessment of water loss is a prerequisite for reliable leakage modelling and minimisation as well as planning for, and monitoring of water loss management in distribution networks.
Author : Stuart Hamilton,Ronnie McKenzie
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2014-10-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781780406350
Water Management and Water Loss contains a selection of papers and articles written by various internationally recognised specialists in the field of water loss reduction. The articles have been drawn together from IWA conferences during the past 5 years and provide details of how water losses from Municipal distribution systems can be reduced. The book provides useful background information and reference materials to help explain the different approaches and interventions that are used to reduce water losses. Numerous real case studies are provided that highlight the processes and methodologies employed around the world to reduce water losses. Water Management and Water Loss covers many aspects of water loss control including, pressure management, leak detection and repair, Internal plumbing losses and retrofitting, community involvement and education/awareness, schools education and leak repair projects. Authors: Stuart Hamilton, Hydrotec Ltd.,Thorpe Underwood, Northants, UK and Ronnie McKenzie, Groenkloof, Pretoria, South Africa
Author : Alan Wyatt
Publisher : RTI Press
Page : 71 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2010-05-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Non-revenue water (NRW) includes physical losses (pipe leaks) and commercial losses (illegal connections, unmetered public use, meter error, unbilled metered water, and water for which payment is not collected). NRW levels are high in many developing countries, and they can be expensive to reduce. Members of the International Water Association (IWA) Water Loss Task Force developed the Economic Level of Leakage (ELL), which outlines the optimal level of physical losses based on engineering inputs. However, the ELL approach is less useful in developing countries than in developed countries, as it ignores commercial losses, the annualized cost of water supply capacity expansion, and situations in which production capacity does not meet demand. This report presents a financial model that addresses the limitations noted above and provides acceptably accurate values of optimal, steady-state NRW without the need for large data collection efforts. The model uses an NRW framework adapted from the IWA Water Balance and the Burst and Background Estimates (BABE) and Econoleak methodologies. The report presents specific results for 59 utilities in 27 countries in Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe; these include optimal NRW, optimal physical losses, optimal commercial losses, optimal meter replacement frequencies, optimal leak detection survey frequencies, actual losses, and impacts on utility revenue and water supply coverage. This model allows utility managers and regulators to establish NRW targets and to optimally allocate resources to NRW management. Ultimately, use of the model will help save water, increase utility revenues, expand coverage, and reduce health and economic impacts.
Author : Enrique Cabrera,Antonio F. Vela
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401718417
This book contains the lectures given in the International Course "Improving efficiency and reliability in water supply systems", hosted and sponsored by the Menendez Pelayo International University (U.I.M.P.) and co-sponsored by Aguas de Valencia, the British Council and the EC Cornett and Erasmus programmes. The short course took place in Valencia (Spain) in November 1994, with an attendance of more than one hundred delegates. We must not only acknowedge and thank Dr. Joaquin Azagra, as UIMP Director, but also his collaborators D. Luis Moreno and Lidia Lopez for their support in the preparation of the Course and during the course taking place. UIMP sponsorship allowed us to assemble in Valencia an eminent cadre of lecturers coming from all over the world, that covered in an ordered and precise fashion some of the more relevant aspects on efficiency and reliability in water supply systems. We are very thankful to all these leading lecturers for their invaluable cooperation. The publication of this book and the Spanish edition as well, have been made possible thanks to the sponsorship of both Polytechnic University of Valencia througout its Chancellor, Justo Nieto, and Aguas de Valencia throughout its General Director Alvaro Aguirre. We must also thank Kluwer Academic Publishers and especially their Publisher Petra van Steenbergen for her assistance, careful presentation and production of the book.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Water
ISBN : 0724294953
Author : Edmond E. Seay
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Water-supply engineering
ISBN : PSU:000018903935
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 898 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Hydrology
ISBN : UOM:39015022360518
Author : Anonim
Publisher : American Water Works Association
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Water
ISBN : 158321531X
Exploring economical ways to recover water losses, this report presents improved methods for quantifying real water loss in distribution systems and provides water audit and loss-reduction strategies for water utilities. Includes water auditing software on the CD.
Author : F. Arregui,Enrique Cabrera Jr,R. Cobacho
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2007-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781843390343
Water meters are the cornerstone of commercial systems for water utilities throughout the world; revenue is directly derived from the, figures provided by meters. Despite this, little attention has been paid, in terms of selection, replacement period and return on investment, to the management and optimization of water meters. Integrated Water Meter Management is a comprehensive reference for engineers and managers alike, providing: in-depth technical information allowing the true nature and behaviour of meters to be understood; a comprehensive review and comparison of relevant global water meter technologies - a useful tool to help decide which water meter is best for your utility; discussion of key decisions concerning the use of water meters (when to replace them, which one to use, how to control their quality) from a managerial perspective. Integrated Water Meter Management is an invaluable resource for those involved in urban water management, including water utility managers, engineering technical staff, operations and maintenance specialists, meter-reading personnel and scientific researchers in this discipline.
Author : John Pigram
Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2007-05-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780643098626
Australia’s Water Resources seeks to explore the circumstances underpinning the profound reorientation of attitudes and relationships to water that has taken place in Australia in recent decades. The changing emphasis from development to management of water resources continues to evolve and is reflected in a series of public policy initiatives directed towards rational, efficient and sustainable use of the nation's water. Australia is now recognised as a pacesetter in water reform. Administrative restructuring, water pricing, water markets and trade, integrated water resources management, and the emergence of the private sector, are features of a more economically sound and environmentally compatible water industry. It is important that these changes are documented and their rationale and effectiveness explained. This timely work provides an important synthesis of these issues. This revised paperback edition is a fully corrected reprint of the hardback edition.
Author : Enrique Cabrera
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9058095746
