Low Fertility In Advanced Asian Economies

Author : Shigeki Matsuda
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789811507106

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Low Fertility in Advanced Asian Economies by Shigeki Matsuda Pdf

This book focuses on the links between family, education, and employment systems in the Asian developed economies, proposing that these three systems and their interrelations are powerful factors causing the low fertility in Asia. The phenomenon of low fertility has been widely observed in developed countries, and the birthrate in Asian countries is among the lowest in the world. Although these countries have implemented measures to counter the falling birthrate, the expected effect has not yet been achieved. Moreover, Asia has seen a rapid decrease in the number of marriages. To promote effective countermeasures, it is necessary to clarify the factors influencing the low birthrate and decline in the number of marriages. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results mainly from Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, this book discusses several important points. First, because the family system is strong, cohabitation and children born to single mothers are not socially accepted. Further, mothers play a strong role in fulfilling expectations for children’s education. Second, the popularization of higher education and intense academic competition, which have been a driving force for rapid economic growth, have led to many parents opting to have fewer children, as the cost of education is high. Lastly, wage disparity is large and employment stability is a matter of concern. These factors increase competition within education and, in turn, make it difficult for the young generation to choose marriage. Within the employment environment, balancing work and family life is problematical, especially for women.

Author : Shigeki Matsuda
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 91 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-02-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789811528309

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Low Fertility in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore by Shigeki Matsuda Pdf

This book describes the low fertility status in three developed Asian countries—Japan, South Korea, and Singapore—and outlines countermeasures for their declining birthrates. Based on the characteristics of each society, the authors discuss why their fertility rates have not yet recovered. Low fertility is a demographic phenomenon that first occurred in Europe and subsequently spread across other countries. Currently, the fertility rates in Europe are relatively stable, while those in developed Asian economies are the lowest worldwide. This may cause labor shortages and weaken their social security systems, undermining Asia’s social and economic sustainability despite its remarkable economic development. In response to low fertility, some Asian countries have implemented countermeasures: Japan has introduced measures based on childcare facilities and work–life balance. Similarly, since the mid-2000s South Korea has established countermeasures to promote a balance between work and child rearing, as well as expanded childcare services. Singapore began introducing countermeasures before the other two countries, including various advanced measures. Yet none of these countries has seen a full recovery in fertility rates. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results from the three countries, this book makes several important points. The first is that the policy has been ineffective in Japan due to a discrepancy between the needs of parents raising children and those who are the targets of the countermeasures. Second, the work–life balance and child-rearing support measures that have been promoted in Japan and South Korea have not affected the number of children that women want to have. Third, Singaporean values tend to place individual emphasis on competition with oneself (education and career status) rather than on married life. This intense competition has lowered fertility rates. To restore these rates, each country must promote policies that better address its specific issues.

Author : Paulin Straughan,Angelique Chan,Gavin Jones
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2008-09-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781134032105

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Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia by Paulin Straughan,Angelique Chan,Gavin Jones Pdf

This book brings together work on the low fertility countries of East Asia with an analysis of trends in fertility, what we know about their determinants and consequences, the policy issues and how these are being addressed in the various countries.

Author : Noriko O. Tsuya
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Fertility, Human
ISBN : 4431557822

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Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia by Noriko O. Tsuya Pdf

This book examines the trends, underlying factors, and policy implications of fertility declines in three East Asian countries: Japan, South Korea, and China. In contrast to Western countries that have also experienced fertility declines to below-replacement levels, fertility decline in these East Asian countries is most notable in its rapidity and sheer magnitude. After a rapid decline shortly after the war, in which fertility was halved in one decade from 4.5 children per woman in 1947 to 2.1 in 1957, Japan's fertility started to decline to below-replacement levels in the mid-1970s, reaching 1.3 per woman in the early 2000s. Korea experienced one of the most spectacular declines ever recorded, with fertility falling continuously from very high (6.0 per woman) to a below-replacement level (1.6 per woman) between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, reaching 1.1 per woman in 2005. Similarly, after a dramatic decline from very high to low levels in one decade from the early 1970s to early 1980s, China's fertility reached around 1.5 per woman by 2005. Despite differences in timing, tempo, and scale of fertility declines, dramatic fertility reductions have resulted in extremely rapid population aging and foreshadow a long-term population decline in all three countries. This monograph provides a systematic comparison of fertility transitions in these East Asian countries and discusses the economic, social, and cultural factors that may account for their similarities and differences. After an overview of cultural backgrounds, economic transformations, and the evolution of policies, the trends and age patterns of fertility are examined. The authors then investigate changes in women's marriage and childbearing within marriage, the two major direct determinants of fertility, followed by an analysis of the social and economic factors underlying fertility and nuptiality changes, such as education, women's employment, and gender relations at home.

Author : Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe
Publisher : Springer
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015-10-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319214825

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Low and Lower Fertility by Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe Pdf

This volume examines two distinct low fertility scenarios that have emerged in economically advanced countries since the turn of the 20th century: one in which fertility is at or near replacement-level and the other where fertility is well below replacement. It explores the way various institutions, histories and cultures influence fertility in a diverse range of countries in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The book features invited papers from the Conference on Low Fertility, Population Aging and Population Policy, held December 2013 and co-sponsored by the East-West Center and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). It first presents an overview of the demographic and policy implications of the two low fertility scenarios. Next, the book explores five countries currently experiencing low fertility rates: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. It then examines three countries that have close to replacement-level fertility: Australia, the Netherlands and the United States. Each country is featured in a separate chapter written by a demographer with expert knowledge in the area. Very low fertility is linked to a number of conditions countries face, including a declining population size. At the same time, low fertility and its effect on the age structure, threatens social welfare policies. This book goes beyond the technical to examine the core institutional, policy and cultural factors behind this increasingly important issue. It helps readers to make cross-country comparisons and gain insight into how diverse institutions, policies and culture shape fertility levels and patterns.

Author : Ansley Johnson Coale,Edgar Malone Hoover,Frank W. Notestein
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1258303221

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Population Growth and Economic Development in Low Income Countries by Ansley Johnson Coale,Edgar Malone Hoover,Frank W. Notestein Pdf

Author : Stuart Gietel-Basten
Publisher : International Policy Exchange
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780199361076

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The "population Problem" in Pacific Asia by Stuart Gietel-Basten Pdf

This book argues that Asia's population aging and stagnation needs to be viewed through a multi-dimensional lens, serving as a useful resource for government workers, stakeholders, and scholars in sociology, demography, geography, and economics.--Adapted from dust jacket.

Author : Toru Suzuki
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9784431547808

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Low Fertility and Population Aging in Japan and Eastern Asia by Toru Suzuki Pdf

This book provides a unique comparative view of the extremely low fertility and drastic population aging in Eastern Asian countries. After discussing demographic and political developments of Japan in detail as a reference case, accelerated changes in Korea, Taiwan and China are interpreted with a comparative cultural view. In addition to the well-known cultural divide between countries with strong and weak family ties, this book proposes another divide between offspring of the feudal family and that of the Confucian family. Included is a discussion of how the discrepancy between the compressed change in the socioeconomic system and the slow change in the family system has resulted in extremely low fertility in Eastern Asia. A comparison of policy development reveals that the sense of overpopulation has caused difficulty in launching pro-natal policy interventions in Eastern Asia, especially in China. Impacts of fertility decline on population aging, total dependency ratio and the timing of population decline in Eastern Asia are analyzed with a stylized model. The remaining Confucian family pattern is especially important in understanding and predicting political development to cope with accelerated population aging. This book is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in the latest and most surprising demographic phenomena in the region.

Author : Donghyun Park,Sang-Hyop Lee,Andrew Mason
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781781953600

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Aging, Economic Growth, and Old-age Security in Asia by Donghyun Park,Sang-Hyop Lee,Andrew Mason Pdf

Population aging is perhaps the single biggest economic and social obstacle confronting AsiaÕs future. The region-wide demographic transition towards an older population is fundamentally reshaping the demographic landscape, and is giving rise to two key socio-economic challenges. This timely book provides an in-depth analysis of these challenges and presents concrete policy options for tackling them. First, the expert contributors argue, Asia must find ways to sustain rapid economic growth in the face of less favorable demographics, which implies slower growth of the workforce. Second, they contend, Asia must find ways to deliver affordable, adequate and sustainable old-age economic security for its growing elderly population. Underpinned by rigorous analysis, a wide range of concrete policy options for sustaining economic growth while delivering economic security for the elderly are then presented. These include Asia-wide policy options Ð relevant to the entire region Ð such as building up strong national pension systems, whilst other policy options are more relevant to sub-groups of countries. This stimulating and informative book will be of great interest to academics, students and researchers with an interest in Asian studies, economics generally, and more specifically, public sector economics.

Author : Stuart Gietel-Basten
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2019-06-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780190051358

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The "Population Problem" in Pacific Asia by Stuart Gietel-Basten Pdf

Despite the twenty-first century's often being referred to as the Asian Century-indicating hope for economic growth and the rebalancing of the global order-population aging and stagnation present an existential threat to the success of China and other territories of Pacific Asia (namely Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea). This book argues that the "population problem," rooted in low fertility, has thus far been largely considered in a linear way: low fertility leads to population stagnation and rapid aging, so fixing low fertility should correct the problem. However, a multi-dimensional lens is essential to appreciating the scale and nature of the issue-and, indeed, to determining whether it is an issue at all. Stuart Gietel-Basten examines how the issue of low fertility has been constructed, how blame has been apportioned, and why policies designed to tackle it have yielded few results. Drawing on an array of primary and secondary sources as well as examples from scholarly and popular literature, The "Population Problem" in Pacific Asia takes a comparative approach to fertility in the region and locates mainland China in its regional context. It serves as a useful resource for government workers, stakeholders, and students and scholars in sociology, demography, geography, economics, and area studies.

Author : Wolfgang Lutz,William P. Butz,Samir KC
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 737 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780198813422

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World Population and Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Wolfgang Lutz,William P. Butz,Samir KC Pdf

Condensed into a detailed analysis and a selection of continent-wide datasets, this revised edition of World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century addresses the role of educational attainment in global population trends and models. Presenting the full chapter text of the original edition alongside a concise selection of data, it summarizes past trends in fertility, mortality, migration, and education, and examines relevant theories to identify key determining factors. Deriving from a global survey of hundreds of experts and five expert meetings on as many continents, World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century: An Overview emphasizes alternative trends in human capital, new ways of studying ageing and the quantification of alternative population, and education pathways in the context of global sustainable development. It is an ideal companion to the county specific online Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer.

Author : Ian Coxhead
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2014-12-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317586043

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Routledge Handbook of Southeast Asian Economics by Ian Coxhead Pdf

The Routledge Handbook of Southeast Asian Economics offers new insights into the rapidly-developing economies of Southeast Asia. Despite widespread initial deprivation, Southeast Asia has achieved and sustained a remarkable rate of growth, in the course of which tens of millions have successfully escaped severe poverty. Though the economies of the region vary in many dimensions, integration into the wider East Asian network of production and trade is a notable common feature, one that continues a centuries-long history of engagement with global trade. A second striking feature is the pace and extent of transformation in the structure of production and in sources of household income in the region, which has undergone remarkably rapid industrialization and urban growth. However, the search for sustained and sustainable growth through and beyond middle-income continues to confront pressing economic and policy challenges. This Handbook offers a timely and comprehensive overview of Southeast Asian economic development. Organized according to the logic of chronological and thematic unity, it is structured in these sections: Growth and development over the long term Food, agriculture and natural resources Trade, investment and industrialization Population, labor, and human capital Poverty and political economy Twenty-first century challenges This original Handbook, written by experts in their fields, is unique in the breadth and depth of its coverage. Its forward-looking perspective renders it relevant both now and in the future. This advanced level reference work will be essential reading for students, researchers and scholars of Asian Studies, Economics and Southeast Asian studies.

Author : Hyunjoon Park,Hyeyoung Woo
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Families
ISBN : 9780472054381

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Korean Families Yesterday and Today by Hyunjoon Park,Hyeyoung Woo Pdf

Twelve chapters, portraying diverse aspects of the contemporary Korean families and showing how they have come to have their current shapes

Author : Ishwar C. Dhingra
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2023-06-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000898750

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Sustainable Development in India and South-East Asia by Ishwar C. Dhingra Pdf

India and the South-East Asia are typical case studies of interest for students of development economics. These countries have served as role models for most of the emerging economies. Sustainable Development in India and South-East Asia attempts to explore and analyse the nature of economic relationship between India and the South-East Asia. It assesses the prospects for this relationship to grow and flourish. Finally, it makes suggestions to strengthen and carry forward this relationship. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)

Author : Vanessa Casadella,Dimitri Uzunidis
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2023-10-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781786309150

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Agri-Innovations and Development Challenges by Vanessa Casadella,Dimitri Uzunidis Pdf

Innovation is a major challenge for economic development and social progress. Faced with the ecological and food problems that the world is currently experiencing, the legitimacy of innovation takes on its full meaning, particularly in developing countries. As emphasized by international organizations (UN, FAO), building skills and abilities in the agricultural and food sectors are necessary when launching innovation processes for the benefit of suffering populations. This book deals with different experiences launched in many developing countries in these sectors and shows how local initiatives can provide answers to the pessimism of experts and the media. Multidisciplinary analysis and practices explain how collective work creates value chains that can foster local and national economic development. The authors revisit the innovation agri-food models that contribute to economic development. Agri-Innovations and Development Challenges is composed of general presentations of innovations applied in developing countries, as well as specific studies on the joint valorization of knowledge and experience in agri-food engineering