Low Fertility In Japan South Korea And Singapore

Author : Shigeki Matsuda
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 91 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2020-02-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789811528309

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Low Fertility in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore by Shigeki Matsuda Pdf

This book describes the low fertility status in three developed Asian countries—Japan, South Korea, and Singapore—and outlines countermeasures for their declining birthrates. Based on the characteristics of each society, the authors discuss why their fertility rates have not yet recovered. Low fertility is a demographic phenomenon that first occurred in Europe and subsequently spread across other countries. Currently, the fertility rates in Europe are relatively stable, while those in developed Asian economies are the lowest worldwide. This may cause labor shortages and weaken their social security systems, undermining Asia’s social and economic sustainability despite its remarkable economic development. In response to low fertility, some Asian countries have implemented countermeasures: Japan has introduced measures based on childcare facilities and work–life balance. Similarly, since the mid-2000s South Korea has established countermeasures to promote a balance between work and child rearing, as well as expanded childcare services. Singapore began introducing countermeasures before the other two countries, including various advanced measures. Yet none of these countries has seen a full recovery in fertility rates. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results from the three countries, this book makes several important points. The first is that the policy has been ineffective in Japan due to a discrepancy between the needs of parents raising children and those who are the targets of the countermeasures. Second, the work–life balance and child-rearing support measures that have been promoted in Japan and South Korea have not affected the number of children that women want to have. Third, Singaporean values tend to place individual emphasis on competition with oneself (education and career status) rather than on married life. This intense competition has lowered fertility rates. To restore these rates, each country must promote policies that better address its specific issues.

Author : Paulin Straughan,Angelique Chan,Gavin Jones
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2008-09-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781134032099

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Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia by Paulin Straughan,Angelique Chan,Gavin Jones Pdf

Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong SAR are among the very lowest-fertility countries in the whole world, and even China has reached fertility levels lower than those in many European countries. If these levels continue over long periods East Asia will soon face accelerating population decline in addition the changes in age distributions in such populations raise major new questions for planning of economic and social welfare. This book brings together work by noted experts on the low fertility countries of East Asia with an up-to-date analysis of trends in fertility, what we know about their determinants and consequences, the policy issues and how these are being addressed in the various countries. Its role in bringing together information on policy trends and initiatives of a pro-natalist kind adopted over recent years in these countries is extremely important, as is the fact that the discussion of these pro-natalist policies is set in the context of a thorough analysis of what has driven fertility so low in these countries. Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia is invaluable to students and scholars of East Asian public and social policy, as well as fertility studies more generally.

Author : Shigeki Matsuda
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2020-01-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789811507106

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Low Fertility in Advanced Asian Economies by Shigeki Matsuda Pdf

This book focuses on the links between family, education, and employment systems in the Asian developed economies, proposing that these three systems and their interrelations are powerful factors causing the low fertility in Asia. The phenomenon of low fertility has been widely observed in developed countries, and the birthrate in Asian countries is among the lowest in the world. Although these countries have implemented measures to counter the falling birthrate, the expected effect has not yet been achieved. Moreover, Asia has seen a rapid decrease in the number of marriages. To promote effective countermeasures, it is necessary to clarify the factors influencing the low birthrate and decline in the number of marriages. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results mainly from Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, this book discusses several important points. First, because the family system is strong, cohabitation and children born to single mothers are not socially accepted. Further, mothers play a strong role in fulfilling expectations for children’s education. Second, the popularization of higher education and intense academic competition, which have been a driving force for rapid economic growth, have led to many parents opting to have fewer children, as the cost of education is high. Lastly, wage disparity is large and employment stability is a matter of concern. These factors increase competition within education and, in turn, make it difficult for the young generation to choose marriage. Within the employment environment, balancing work and family life is problematical, especially for women.

Author : Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe
Publisher : Springer
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2015-10-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319214825

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Low and Lower Fertility by Ronald R. Rindfuss,Minja Kim Choe Pdf

This volume examines two distinct low fertility scenarios that have emerged in economically advanced countries since the turn of the 20th century: one in which fertility is at or near replacement-level and the other where fertility is well below replacement. It explores the way various institutions, histories and cultures influence fertility in a diverse range of countries in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The book features invited papers from the Conference on Low Fertility, Population Aging and Population Policy, held December 2013 and co-sponsored by the East-West Center and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). It first presents an overview of the demographic and policy implications of the two low fertility scenarios. Next, the book explores five countries currently experiencing low fertility rates: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. It then examines three countries that have close to replacement-level fertility: Australia, the Netherlands and the United States. Each country is featured in a separate chapter written by a demographer with expert knowledge in the area. Very low fertility is linked to a number of conditions countries face, including a declining population size. At the same time, low fertility and its effect on the age structure, threatens social welfare policies. This book goes beyond the technical to examine the core institutional, policy and cultural factors behind this increasingly important issue. It helps readers to make cross-country comparisons and gain insight into how diverse institutions, policies and culture shape fertility levels and patterns.

Author : Stuart Gietel-Basten
Publisher : International Policy Exchange
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780199361076

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The "population Problem" in Pacific Asia by Stuart Gietel-Basten Pdf

This book argues that Asia's population aging and stagnation needs to be viewed through a multi-dimensional lens, serving as a useful resource for government workers, stakeholders, and scholars in sociology, demography, geography, and economics.--Adapted from dust jacket.

Author : Dudley L. Poston, Jr.
Publisher : Springer
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2017-10-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319640617

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Low Fertility Regimes and Demographic and Societal Change by Dudley L. Poston, Jr. Pdf

This book explores how low fertility levels could fundamentally change a country's population and society. It analyzes the profound effects below average birthrates have on virtually all aspects of society, from the economy to religion, from marriage to gender roles. An introduction written by Dudley L. Poston Jr. provides a general overview of this relatively new phenomenon that has already impacted nearly one-half of the countries of the world today. Poston also discusses the broad implications of the changes that these societies are currently experiencing and the ones that they will soon confront. Next, each of the 12 essays collected in this volume look into how a low fertility level affects a particular demographic or societal structure or process. In addition, case studies offer an in-depth portrait of these changes in the United States and China. Coverage includes the dynamics of low and lowest-low (where the birthrate is well below average) fertility, high and increasing life expectancies in the United States, the implications of native-born fertility and other socio-demographic changes for less-skilled U.S. immigration, ageing and age dependency in post-industrial societies, good mothering and gender roles in China, the increasing prevalence of voluntary childlessness, how low fertility and prolonged longevity could result in slow economic growth, the decreasing relevance of traditional religious systems, and more. The emergence and persistence of population decline produced by low fertility levels has the potential to greatly alter key aspects of society as well as individual lives. Containing insightful analysis from some of the top minds in demography today, this book will arm readers with the knowledge they need to fully understand these transformations.

Author : John F. May,Jack A. Goldstone
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 863 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-07-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783031020407

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International Handbook of Population Policies by John F. May,Jack A. Goldstone Pdf

This Handbook offers an array of internationally recognized experts’ essays that provide a current and comprehensive examination of all dimensions of international population policies. The book examines the theoretical foundations, the historical and empirical evidence for policy formation, the policy levers and modelling, as well as the new policy challenges. The section Theoretical Foundations reviews population issues today, population theories, the population policies’ framework as well as the linkages between population, development, health, food systems, and the environment. The next section Empirical Evidence discusses international approaches to design and implement population policies on a regional level. The section Policy Levers and Modelling reviews the tools and the policy levers that are available to design, implement, monitor, and measure the impact of population policies. Finally, the section New Policy Challenges examines the recurrent and emerging issues in population policies. This section also discusses prospects for demographic sustainability as well as future considerations for population policies. As such this Handbook provides an important and structured examination of contemporary population policies, their evolution, and their prospects.

Author : Naohiro Ogawa,Iqbal H. Shah
Publisher : Springer
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2014-10-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789401792264

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Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia by Naohiro Ogawa,Iqbal H. Shah Pdf

This book provides a unique blend of social and biomedical sciences in the field of low fertility and reproductive health. It offers a significant contribution to understanding the determinants of low fertility mostly in East Asia, including an assessment of the effectiveness of policies that aim to raise fertility. It introduces new analytical tools and methods and shares application of innovative approaches to analyzing cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data and macro socioeconomic data to shed light on changing mechanisms of low fertility in the context of reproductive health. The volume introduces the demographic dividend into the study of fertility, analyzes possible impact of population ageing on the amount of resources allocated to child rearing, i.e. the so called "crowding effect" in social care and public spending between the elderly and children. The book also tests the Low Fertility Trap (LFT) hypothesis, a new important theory regarding fertility trends. The book focuses on East Asia which is numerically large but relatively under-researched with regard to issues covered in various chapters. The relevance of the volume, however, goes beyond countries in East Asia. The book breaks new grounds and reveals little known facts regarding the influence of endocrine disruptors on male fertility through falling sperm counts, the phenomenon of marital sexlessness and about the sexual behavior of adolescents in East Asia.

Author : Wei Chen
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000930238

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China's Low Fertility and the Impacts of the Two-Child Policy by Wei Chen Pdf

This book examines China’s fertility transition over the past seven decades and explores the socioeconomic impacts of the two-child policy. The first half of this book highlights the characteristics of China’s low fertility and the risk of falling to an ultra-low state, aiming to answer the question: How China’s fertility is changing and evolving? How low is China’s fertility? What are the demographic structure, driving forces and institutional characteristics of China’s low fertility? The second half models the impacts of the two-child policy on China’s population trends and demands for women, infant and child health services, and education resources for preschool, compulsive education, addressing the questions of how the two-child policy affects fertility behaviours of Chinese women, particularly the second-child fertility? How would the two-child policy impact China’s future population trends, particularly labour supply and population aging? What are the consequences for obstetrics and gynaecological services, paediatrics and childcare services; and for school capacity and demand for teachers over compulsory education? The book will be an essential read for students and scholars of Chinese studies, population and demography studies, and those interested in contemporary China.

Author : Guo Zhigang,Wang Feng,Cai Yong
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2017-12-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351612944

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China's Low Birth Rate and the Development of Population by Guo Zhigang,Wang Feng,Cai Yong Pdf

As the most populous country in the world, China’s demographic challenges have always been too many people for ecological system, resources, and the environment. However, by the early 1990s, fertility rate in China had dropped below the replacement level, and China’s low fertility has now attracted the world’s attention. This book is among the first studies to raise and examine questions on low fertility in China, believing that China has entered a new era featured by low birth rate and ageing population. Utilizing advanced research methods and models on low fertility to analyze China’s census data, this book explores the issues from various perspectives. Methodologies employed in past population studies, policy making concerning fertility rate, underreporting of births and fertility rate estimates, fertility level of the migrant population, current population pattern, long-term population trends, population dynamics, and many other thought-provoking problems are covered. Finally, the book revisits China’s population issues in the context of globalization. The 21st century has seen the new challenge of persistent population decrease and ageing worldwide, which, along with economic globalization, demands a new understanding of the changes in population pattern and their consequences. Researchers and students in China’s demographic and social studies will be attracted by the insightful analysis and rich materials provided in the book. Population policy makers will also benefit from it.

Author : Ansley Johnson Coale,Edgar Malone Hoover,Frank W. Notestein
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2012-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1258303221

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Population Growth and Economic Development in Low Income Countries by Ansley Johnson Coale,Edgar Malone Hoover,Frank W. Notestein Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2014-08-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789004264359

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Transformation of the Intimate and the Public in Asian Modernity by Anonim Pdf

This book’s strongest appeal lies in its theoretical orientation, seeking to define frameworks that are most relevant to the Asian reality. These frameworks include compressed and semi-compressed modernity, familialism, familialization policy, unsustainable society, second demographic dividend, care diamond, and transnational public sphere. Such concepts are seen as essential in any discussion concerning the intimate and public spheres of contemporary Asia.

Author : Ruby Y.S. Lai
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2022-11-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000785340

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Premarital Abortion in China by Ruby Y.S. Lai Pdf

Drawing on participant observations, in-depth interviews, and content analysis of online materials, Lai investigates the role of individual choice, relationships, and institutions in unmarried Chinese women’s decisions to terminate their pregnancies. Where many previous studies have focused on abortion in China as a state-mandated procedure to enforce the one-child policy, Lai looks at a new era, where abortion is primarily based on individuals’ decisions. While young women in China enjoy greater freedom to pursue their personal, sexual, and reproductive aspirations, their autonomy remains constrained by structural inequalities of gender, class, and migration status, which are reproduced through the intersection of state policies, market forces, and patriarchal family culture. In this book, Lai recounts the stories and presents the voices of unmarried young adult women, and documents the impact of sweeping socioeconomic transformation on their reproductive experiences in contemporary China amidst the ending of the one-child policy. Essential reading for scholars of Chinese society and of family and gender studies globally.

Author : Deborah Chambers,Pablo Gracia
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781509541379

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A Sociology of Family Life by Deborah Chambers,Pablo Gracia Pdf

Family relations are undergoing dramatic changes globally and locally. At the same time, certain features of family life endure. This popular book, now in a fully updated second edition, presents a comprehensive assessment of recent research on 'family', parenting, childhood and interpersonal ties. A Sociology of Family Life queries assumptions about a disintegration of 'the family' by revealing a remarkable persistence of commitment and reciprocity across cultures, within new as well as traditional family forms. Yet, while new kinds of intimate relationships such as 'friends as family' and LGBTQ+ intimacies become commonplace, such personal relationships can still be difficult to negotiate in the face of wider structural norms. With a focus on factors such as class, gender, race, ethnicity and sexuality, this new edition highlights inequalities that influence and curb families and personal life transnationally. Alongside substantial new material on cultural and digital transformations, the book features extensive updates on issues ranging from demography, migration, ageing and government policies to reproductive technologies, employment and care. With a global focus, and blending theory with real-life examples, this insightful and engaging book will remain indispensable to students across the social sciences.

Author : David L. James,Rajeev Merchant
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798216122463

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The New Asia by David L. James,Rajeev Merchant Pdf

The world's economic center is increasingly shifting from North America and Europe to Asia. This timely guide will provide businesspeople with the knowledge and understanding necessary to remain competitive—and proactive—in that brave new world. To help readers better grasp the causes and effects of the ongoing tectonic shift in economic power, this book examines the 16 nations driving the explosive economic growth of Asia. It shows readers how to apply a "Five Factors" analysis to predict which Asian countries and industries will experience the most vibrant economic growth in coming years—and which will present the greatest risks for international businesses. It then goes a step further, offering insights and strategies that will help businesses assess opportunities in Asia and achieve success there in the years ahead. To help readers make those judgments, this comprehensive, practical resource includes insightful descriptions of the value systems, business practices, customs, and social characteristics of Asia and of individual Asian nations. It also exposes the intra-regional relationships of Asian countries that contribute to, or undermine, their individual economic potential and that of the region as a whole.