Macrocognition In Teams

Author : Norman W. Warner,C.A.P. Smith,Michael P. Letsky
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781317102847

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Macrocognition in Teams by Norman W. Warner,C.A.P. Smith,Michael P. Letsky Pdf

Team collaboration involves many operational tasks such as team decision-making or course of action selection, developing shared understanding, and intelligence analysis. These operational tasks must be performed in many situations, often under severe time pressure, with information and knowledge uncertainty, large amounts of dynamic information and across different team characteristics. Recent research in this area has focused on various aspects of human collaborative decision-making and the underlying cognitive processes while describing those processes at different levels of detail, making it difficult to compare research results. The theoretical construct of ’macrocognition in teams’ was developed to facilitate cognitive research in team collaboration, which will enable a common level of understanding when defining, measuring and discussing the cognitive processes in team collaboration. Macrocognition is defined as both the internalized and externalized mental processes employed by team members in complex, one-of-a-kind, collaborative problem solving. Macrocognition in Teams provides readers with a greater understanding of the macrocognitive processes which support collaborative team activity, showcasing current research, theories, methodologies and tools. It will be of direct relevance to academics, researchers and practitioners interested in group/team interaction, performance, development and training.

Author : Janet E. Miller,Emily S. Patterson
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-06-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781317102823

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Macrocognition Metrics and Scenarios by Janet E. Miller,Emily S. Patterson Pdf

Macrocognition Metrics and Scenarios: Design and Evaluation for Real-World Teams translates advances by scientific leaders in the relatively new area of macrocognition into a format that will support immediate use by members of the software testing and evaluation community for large-scale systems as well as trainers of real-world teams. Macrocognition is defined as how activity in real-world teams is adapted to the complex demands of a setting with high consequences for failure. The primary distinction between macrocognition and prior research is that the primary unit for measurement is a real-world team coordinating their activity, rather than individuals processing information, the predominant model for cognition for decades. This book provides an overview of the theoretical foundations of macrocognition, describes a set of exciting new macrocognitive metrics, and provides guidance on using the metrics in the context of different approaches to evaluation and measurement of real-world teams.

Author : Leonie Looser
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783658440732

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Upper Echelons’ Naturalistic Decision-Making and Top Management Team Macrocognition in a High Reliability Organization by Leonie Looser Pdf

Author : Paul Ward,Robert R. Hoffman,Gareth E. Conway,Jan Maarten Schraagen,David Peebles,Robert J. B. Hutton,Erich J. Petushek
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-28
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889454181

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Macrocognition: The Science and Engineering of Sociotechnical Work Systems by Paul Ward,Robert R. Hoffman,Gareth E. Conway,Jan Maarten Schraagen,David Peebles,Robert J. B. Hutton,Erich J. Petushek Pdf

The increasing complexity of work systems and changes in the nature of workplace technology over the past century have resulted in an exponential shift in the nature of work activities, from physical labor to cognitive work. Modern work systems have many characteristics that make them cognitively complex: They can be highly interactive; comprised of multiple agents and artifacts; information may be limited and distributed across space and time; task goals are frequently ill-defined, conflicting, dynamic and emergent; planning may only be possible at general levels of abstraction or require adaptive solutions; some degree of proficiency or expertise is required; the stakes are often high; and uncertainty, time-constraints and stress are seldom absent. To complicate matters further, cognition in complex work settings is typically constrained by broader professional, organizational, and institutional practice and policy. These features of cognitive work present significant challenges to scientific methodology and theory, and subsequent design of reliable interventions. Historically, philosophers and scientists have attempted to understand the mental activities experienced during cognitive work at multiple levels of analysis using divergent methods. Some have examined cognition at an associative, contextual, functional or holistic level, relying on naturalistic methods to understand the higher mental processes as they work in harmony during goal-directed behavior. Others have embraced experimental methods and favored internal over external validity, often reducing cognition to a psychology of fundamental acts, such as short-term memory access with millisecond shifts in attention. More recently, Macrocognition has evolved as a complementary paradigm. Macrocognitive researchers have studied the cognitive functions and processes associated with skilled, adaptive, collaborative, and resilient cognitive work in the context of the aforementioned complexities of psychotechnical and sociotechnical work systems. Typically, this research has been carried out using cognitive task analytic techniques that draw on both naturalistic and (quasi-)experimental methods. The primary goals of research in Macrocognition are to better understand cognitive adaptations to complexity, to increase our theoretical understanding of the organism-environment relations by studying the mapping between cognitive work and real-world demands, and to promote use-inspired research capable of improving system performance.

Author : Eduardo Salas,Stephen M. Fiore,Michael P. Letsky
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 649 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781136697906

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Theories of Team Cognition by Eduardo Salas,Stephen M. Fiore,Michael P. Letsky Pdf

Cognitive processes in teams have been a valuable arena for team researchers to explore. Team cognition research advances and informs a variety of disciplines, including cognitive and social sciences, engineering, military science, organizational science, human factors, medicine, and communications. There has been a great deal of progress in the team cognition literature, yet the field is still in its early stages of maturity. There is much more to be gained from the field’s insights and there is a need to unite the diverse array of scholarly ideas that permeate the field. This movement will serve to organize the research and ideas that have surfaced in the field, thereby making them more accessible to different disciplines while at the same time, motivating continued progress in the field. This book aims to be a step in this direction and acts as a forum for leading scholars to share their ideas, theories, models, and conceptions about what matters and where more attention is needed in the field of team cognition.

Author : Michael McNeese,Eduardo Salas,Mica R. Endsley
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 767 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780429862021

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Handbook of Distributed Team Cognition by Michael McNeese,Eduardo Salas,Mica R. Endsley Pdf

Contemporary society is held together by interactive groups and teams carrying out work to accomplish various intentions and purposes often within challenging and ill-defined environments. Cooperative work is accomplished through the synergy of human teamwork and technological innovation within domains such as health and medicine; cyber security; transportation; command, control, communication, and intelligence; aviation; manufacturing; criminal justice; space exploration; and emergency crisis management. Distributed team cognition is ubiquitous across and within each of these domains in myriad ways. The Handbook of Distributed Team Cognition provides three volumes that delve into the intricacies of research findings in terms of how cognition is embodied within specific environments while being distributed across time, space, information, people, and technologies. Distributed team cognition is examined from broad, interdisciplinary perspectives and developed using different themes and worldviews. Foundations and Theoretical Perspectives of Distributed Teams Cognition provides an informed view of the history and foundations underlying the development of the field while looking at the theoretical significance of research. Contemporary Research: Models, Methodologies, and Measures in Distributed Team Cognition strengthens these foundations and theories by looking at how research has evolved through the use of different experiments, methods, measures, and models. Fields of Practice and Applied Solutions within Distributed Teams Cognition considers the importance of technological support of teamwork and what it means for applied systems and specific fields of practice. Together these three volumes entwine a comprehensive knowledge of distributed team cognition that is invaluable for professors, scientists, engineers, designers, specialists, and students alike who need specific information regarding history, cognitive science, experimental studies, research approaches, measures and analytics, digital collaborative technologies and intelligent agents, and real world applications; all of which have led to a dynamic revolution in cooperative work / teamwork in both theory and practice.

Author : John D. Lee,Alex Kirlik
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 659 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-07
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780199757183

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The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Engineering by John D. Lee,Alex Kirlik Pdf

This handbook is the first to provide comprehensive coverage of original state-of-the-science research, analysis, and design of integrated, human-technology systems.

Author : Kathleen L. Mosier,Ute M. Fischer
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2011-01-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136945113

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Informed by Knowledge by Kathleen L. Mosier,Ute M. Fischer Pdf

The focus of this book is on how experts adapt to complexity, synthesize and interpret information in context, and transform or "fuse" disparate items of information into coherent knowledge. The chapters examine these processes across experts (e.g. global leaders, individuals in extreme environments, managers, police officers, pilots, commanders, doctors, inventors), across contexts (e.g. space and space analogs, corporate organizations, command and control, crisis and crowd management, air traffic control, the operating room, product development), and for both individual and team performance. Successful information integration is a key factor in the success of diverse endeavors, including team attempts to climb Mt. Everest, crowd control in the Middle East, and remote drilling operations. This volume is divided into four sections, each with a specific focus on an area of expert performance, resulting in a text that covers a wide range of useful information. These sections present well-researched discussions, such as: the management of complex situations in various fields and decision contexts; technological and training approaches to facilitate knowledge management by individual experts and expert teams; new or neglected perspectives in expert decision making; and the importance of ‘modeling’ expert performance through techniques and frameworks such as Cognitive Task Analysis, computational architectures based on the notion of causal belief mapping such as ‘Convince Me,’ or the data/frame model of sensemaking. The volume provides essential reading for researchers and practitioners of Naturalistic Decision Making and those who study Expertise; Organizational and Cognitive Psychologists; and researchers and students in Business and Engineering.

Author : Michael McNeese,Eduardo Salas,Mica R. Endsley
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780429861604

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Contemporary Research by Michael McNeese,Eduardo Salas,Mica R. Endsley Pdf

The objective of Contemporary Research: Models, Methodologies, and Measures in Distributed Team Cognition is to advance knowledge in terms of real-world interactions among information, people, and technologies through explorations and discovery embedded within the research topics covered. Each chapter provides insight, comprehension, and differing yet cogent perspectives to topics relevant within distributed team cognition. Experts present their use of models and frameworks, different approaches to studying distributed team cognition, and new types of measures and indications of successful outcomes. The research topics presented span the continuum of interdisciplinary philosophies, ideas, and concepts that underline research investigation. Features Articulates distributed team cognition principles/constructs within studies, models, methods, and measures Utilizes experimental studies and models as cases to explore new analytical techniques and tools Provides team situation awareness measurement, mental model assessment, conceptual recurrence analysis, quantitative model evaluation, and unobtrusive measures Transforms analytical output from tools/models as a basis for design in collaborative technologies Generates an interdisciplinary approach using multiple methods of inquiry

Author : Eduardo Salas,William B. Vessey,Lauren B. Landon
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781787148956

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Team Dynamics Over Time by Eduardo Salas,William B. Vessey,Lauren B. Landon Pdf

This volume focuses on the temporal adaptations of teams. An increase in the use of teams has led to more team research throughout the fields of cognitive science, human factors, organizational psychology, and behavioral science. This book serves as a resource to researchers who study teams, managers who lead teams, and those who work in teams.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
Page : 1253 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781464964770

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Issues in Anatomy, Physiology, Metabolism, Morphology, and Human Biology: 2011 Edition by Anonim Pdf

Issues in Anatomy, Physiology, Metabolism, Morphology, and Human Biology: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Anatomy, Physiology, Metabolism, Morphology, and Human Biology. The editors have built Issues in Anatomy, Physiology, Metabolism, Morphology, and Human Biology: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Anatomy, Physiology, Metabolism, Morphology, and Human Biology in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Anatomy, Physiology, Metabolism, Morphology, and Human Biology: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2010-01-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789460911347

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Storytelling as an Instructional Method by Anonim Pdf

The book’s chapters cover a variety of topics including; theories of storytelling instructional effectiveness, story archetypes, cognition and storytelling, the use of stories in instructional games, and effective instructional strategies that employ stories. In addition, practical applications of storytelling are given for healing combat stress and improving information security.

Author : Irving B. Weiner,Neal W. Schmitt,Scott Highhouse
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 820 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-10-10
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781118282007

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Handbook of Psychology, Industrial and Organizational Psychology by Irving B. Weiner,Neal W. Schmitt,Scott Highhouse Pdf

Psychology is of interest to academics from many fields, as well as to the thousands of academic and clinical psychologists and general public who can't help but be interested in learning more about why humans think and behave as they do. This award-winning twelve-volume reference covers every aspect of the ever-fascinating discipline of psychology and represents the most current knowledge in the field. This ten-year revision now covers discoveries based in neuroscience, clinical psychology's new interest in evidence-based practice and mindfulness, and new findings in social, developmental, and forensic psychology.

Author : Laura Militello,Tom Ormerod,Dr Jan Maarten Schraagen,Professor Raanan Lipshitz
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-10-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781409485698

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Naturalistic Decision Making and Macrocognition by Laura Militello,Tom Ormerod,Dr Jan Maarten Schraagen,Professor Raanan Lipshitz Pdf

This book presents the latest work in the area of naturalistic decision making (NDM) and its extension into the area of macrocognition. It contains 18 chapters relating research centered on the study of expertise in naturalistic settings, written by international experts in NDM and cognitive systems engineering. The objective of the book is to present the reader with exciting new developments in this field of research, which is characterized by its application-oriented focus. The work addresses only real-world problems and issues. For instance, how do multi-national teams collaborate effectively? How can surgeons best be supported by technology? How do detectives make sense of complex criminal cases? In all instances the studies have been carried out on experts within their respective domains. The traditional field of NDM is extended in this work by focusing on macrocognitive functions other than decision making, namely sense-making, coordination and planning. This has broadened the scope of the field. The book also contains a theoretical discussion of the macro-micro distinction. Naturalistic Decision Making and Macrocognition will be relevant to graduate students, researchers and professionals (including professionals and researchers in business, industry and government) who are interested in decision making, expertise, training methods and system design. The material may be used in two ways: theoretically, to advance understanding of the field of naturalistic decision making; and practically, to gain insight into how experts in various domains solve particular problems, understand and deal with issues and collaborate with others.

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Team Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780309316859

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Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Team Science Pdf

The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the scale and complexity of scientific research. The growing scale of science has been accompanied by a shift toward collaborative research, referred to as "team science." Scientific research is increasingly conducted by small teams and larger groups rather than individual investigators, but the challenges of collaboration can slow these teams' progress in achieving their scientific goals. How does a team-based approach work, and how can universities and research institutions support teams? Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science synthesizes and integrates the available research to provide guidance on assembling the science team; leadership, education and professional development for science teams and groups. It also examines institutional and organizational structures and policies to support science teams and identifies areas where further research is needed to help science teams and groups achieve their scientific and translational goals. This report offers major public policy recommendations for science research agencies and policymakers, as well as recommendations for individual scientists, disciplinary associations, and research universities. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science will be of interest to university research administrators, team science leaders, science faculty, and graduate and postdoctoral students.