Magneto Thermoelectric Power In Heavily Doped Quantized Structures

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Magneto Thermoelectric Power in Heavily Doped Quantized Structures

Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak
Magneto Thermoelectric Power in Heavily Doped Quantized Structures Book PDF

Author : Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 827 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814713207

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Magneto Thermoelectric Power in Heavily Doped Quantized Structures by Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak Pdf

"This pioneering monograph solely deals with the Magneto Thermoelectric Power (MTP) in Heavily Doped (HD) Quantized Structures. The materials considered range from HD quantum confined nonlinear optical materials to HgTe/CdTe HD superlattices with graded interfaces and HD effective mass superlattices under magnetic quantization. An important concept of the measurement of the band gap in HD optoelectronic materials in the presence of external photo-excitation has been discussed in this perspective. The influences of magnetic quantization, crossed electric and quantizing fields, the intense electric field on the TPM in HD semiconductors and superlattices are also discussed. This book contains 200 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both PhD aspirants and researchers in the various fields for which this particular series is dedicated"--

Heavily-Doped 2D-Quantized Structures and the Einstein Relation

Kamakhya P. Ghatak,Sitangshu Bhattacharya
Heavily Doped 2D Quantized Structures and the Einstein Relation Book PDF

Author : Kamakhya P. Ghatak,Sitangshu Bhattacharya
Publisher : Springer
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2014-07-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319083803

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Heavily-Doped 2D-Quantized Structures and the Einstein Relation by Kamakhya P. Ghatak,Sitangshu Bhattacharya Pdf

This book presents the Einstein Relation(ER) in two-dimensional (2-D) Heavily Doped (HD) Quantized Structures. The materials considered are quantized structures of HD non-linear optical, III-V, II-VI, Ge, Te, Platinum Antimonide, stressed materials, GaP, Gallium Antimonide, II-V, Bismuth Telluride together with various types of HD superlattices and their Quantized counterparts respectively. The ER in HD opto-electronic materials and their nanostructures is studied in the presence of strong light waves and intense electric fields on the basis of newly formulated electron dispersion laws that control the studies of such quantum effect devices. The suggestion for the experimental determination of HD 2D and 3D ERs and the importance of measurement of band gap in HD optoelectronic materials under intense built-in electric field in nanodevices and strong external photo excitation (for measuring photon induced physical properties) are also discussed in this context. The influence of crossed electric and quantizing magnetic fields on the ER of the different 2D HD quantized structures (quantum wells, inversion and accumulation layers, quantum well HD superlattices and nipi structures) under different physical conditions is discussed in detail. This monograph contains 100 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both Ph.D aspirants and researchers in the fields of condensed matter physics, solid-state sciences, materials science, nano-science and technology and allied fields.

Elastic Constants In Heavily Doped Low Dimensional Materials

Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak,Madhuchhanda Mitra
Elastic Constants In Heavily Doped Low Dimensional Materials Book PDF

Author : Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak,Madhuchhanda Mitra
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 1036 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811229480

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Elastic Constants In Heavily Doped Low Dimensional Materials by Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak,Madhuchhanda Mitra Pdf

The elastic constant (EC) is a very important mechanical property of the these materials and its significance is already well known in literature. This first monograph solely deals with the quantum effects in EC of heavily doped (HD) low dimensional materials. The materials considered are HD quantum confined nonlinear optical, III-V, II-VI, IV-VI, GaP, Ge, PtSb₂, stressed materials, GaSb, Te, II-V, Bi₂Te₃, lead germanium telluride, zinc and cadmium diphosphides, and quantum confined III-V, II-VI, IV-VI, and HgTe/CdTe super-lattices with graded interfaces and effective mass super-lattices. The presence of intense light waves in optoelectronics and strong electric field in nano-devices changes the band structure of semiconductors in fundamental ways, which have also been incorporated in the study of EC in HD low dimensional optoelectronic compounds that control the studies of the HD quantum effect devices under strong fields. The importance of measurement of band gap in optoelectronic materials under intense external fields has also been discussed in this context. The influences of magnetic quantization, crossed electric and quantizing fields, electric field and light waves on the EC in HD semiconductors and super-lattices are discussed.The content of this book finds twenty-five different applications in the arena of nano-science and nano-technology. We The authors have discussed the experimental methods of determining the Einstein Relation, screening length and EC in this context. This book contains circa 200 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both PhD aspirants and researchers in the fields of condensed matter physics, materials science, solid state sciences, nano-science and technology and allied fields in addition to the graduate courses in semiconductor nanostructures.

Next Generation Smart Nano-Bio-Devices

Gorachand Dutta,Arindam Biswas
Next Generation Smart Nano Bio Devices Book PDF

Author : Gorachand Dutta,Arindam Biswas
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2022-10-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811971075

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Next Generation Smart Nano-Bio-Devices by Gorachand Dutta,Arindam Biswas Pdf

This book addresses challenges for the development of a point-of-care-test platform. The book describes printed chip-based assay (Lab-on-a-Chip, Lab-on-a-PCB) for rapid, inexpensive biomarkers detection in real samples. The main challenges of point-of-care testing require implementing complex analytical methods into low-cost technologies. This is particularly true for countries with less developed healthcare infrastructure. Washing-free, Lab-on-Chip, and Lab-on-PCB techniques are very simple and innovative for point-of-care device development. The redox cycling technology detects several interesting targets at the same time on a printed chip. The proposed areas are inherently cross-disciplinary, combining expertise in biosensing, electrochemistry, electronics and electrical engineering, health care, and manufacturing. This book focuses on recent advances and different research issues in the nanobiotechnology-enabled biosensor technology and also seeks out theoretical, methodological, well-established, and validated empirical work dealing with these different topics.

Topics In Nanoscience - Part Ii: Quantized Structures, Nanoelectronics, Thin Films Nanosystems: Typical Results And Future

Wolfram Schommers
Topics In Nanoscience Part Ii Quantized Structures Nanoelectronics Thin Films Nanosystems Typical Results And Future Book PDF

Author : Wolfram Schommers
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811243882

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Topics In Nanoscience - Part Ii: Quantized Structures, Nanoelectronics, Thin Films Nanosystems: Typical Results And Future by Wolfram Schommers Pdf

With the development of the scanning tunneling microscope, nanoscience became an important discipline. Single atoms could be manipulated in a controlled manner, and it became possible to change matter at its 'ultimate' level; it is the level on which the properties of matter emerge. This possibility enables to construct and to produce devices, materials, etc. with very small sizes and completely new properties. That opens up new perspectives for technology and is in particular relevant in connection with nano-engineering.Nanosystems are unimaginably small and very fast. No doubt, this is an important characteristic. But there is another feature, possibly more relevant, in connection with nanoscience and nanotechnology. The essential point here is that we work at the 'ultimate level'. This is the smallest level at which the properties of our world emerge, at which functional matter can exist. In particular, at this level biological individuality comes into existence. This situation can be expressed in absolute terms: This is not only the strongest material ever made, this is the strongest material it will ever be possible to make (D Ratner and M Ratner, Nanotechnology and Homeland Security). This is a very general statement. All aspects of matter are concerned here. Through the variation of the composition various forms of matter emerge with different items.Nanosystems are usually small, but they offer nevertheless the possibility to vary the structure of atomic (molecular) ensembles, creating a diversity of new material-specific properties. A large variety of experimental possibilities come into play and flexible theoretical tools are needed at the basic level. This is reflected in the different disciplines: In nanoscience and nanotechnology we have various directions: Materials science, functional nanomaterials, nanoparticles, food chemistry, medicine with brain research, quantum and molecular computing, bioinformatics, magnetic nanostructures, nano-optics, nano-electronics, etc.The properties of matter, which are involved within these nanodisciplines, are ultimate in character, i.e., their characteristic properties come into existence at this level. The book is organized in this respect.

Generation, Detection and Processing of Terahertz Signals

Aritra Acharyya,Arindam Biswas,Palash Das
Generation Detection and Processing of Terahertz Signals Book PDF

Author : Aritra Acharyya,Arindam Biswas,Palash Das
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811649479

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Generation, Detection and Processing of Terahertz Signals by Aritra Acharyya,Arindam Biswas,Palash Das Pdf

This book contains detailed descriptions and associated discussions regarding different generation, detection and signal processing techniques for the electrical and optical signals within the THz frequency spectrum (0.3–10 THz). It includes detailed reviews of some recently developed electronic and photonic devices for generating and detecting THz waves, potential materials for implementing THz passive circuits, some newly developed systems and methods associated with THz wireless communication, THz antennas and some cutting-edge techniques associated with the THz signal and image processing. The book especially focuses on the recent advancements and several research issues related to THz sources, detectors and THz signal and image processing techniques; it also discusses theoretical, experimental, established and validated empirical works on these topics. The book caters to a very wide range of readers from basic science to technological experts as well as students.

Quantum Capacitance In Quantized Transistors

Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak,Jayita Pal
Quantum Capacitance In Quantized Transistors Book PDF

Author : Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak,Jayita Pal
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 886 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2024-02-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811279416

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Quantum Capacitance In Quantized Transistors by Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak,Jayita Pal Pdf

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in studying the quantum capacitance (QC) in 2D quantum MOSFETs (QMOSFET) and 1D Nano Wire FET (NWFET) devices of various technologically important materials which find extensive applications in many directions in low dimensional electronics. The 2D and 1D electron statistics in inversion layers of MOSFETs can rather easily be varied by changing the gate voltage which, in turn, brings a change of the surface electric field, the QC depends on the gate-voltage. This first-of-its-kind book deals solely with the QC in 2D MOSFETs of non-linear optical, ternary, quaternary, III-V compounds, II-VI, IV-VI, stressed Kane type, Ge, GaP, Bismuth telluride, Gallium Antimonide and their 1D NWFETs counter parts. The influence of quantizing magnetic field, crossed electric and magnetic fields, parallel magnetic field, have also been considered on the QC of the said devices of the aforementioned materials. The influences of strong light waves and ultra-strong electric field present in nano-devices have also been considered. The accumulation layers of the quantum effect devices of the said materials have also been discussed in detail by formulating the respective dispersion relations of the heavily doped compounds. The QC in 1D MOSFET of the said materials have also been investigated in this context on the basis of newly formulated electron energy spectra in all the cases. The QC in quantum well transistors and magneto quantum well transistors together with CNTFETs have been formulated and discussed in detail along with I-V equations of ballistic QWFETs and NWFETs together with their heavily doped counter parts under different external physical conditions. In this context, experimental determinations are suggested of the Einstein relation for the Diffusivity-Mobility ratio, the Debye screening length, Elastic Constants and the content of this book finds twenty-two different applications in the arena of nanoscience and nanotechnology.This book contains hundred open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both PhD aspirants and researchers.

Electron Statistics In Quantum Confined Superlattices

Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak,Arindam Biswas
Electron Statistics In Quantum Confined Superlattices Book PDF

Author : Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak,Arindam Biswas
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 790 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2023-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811263675

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Electron Statistics In Quantum Confined Superlattices by Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak,Arindam Biswas Pdf

The concepts of the Electron Statistics (ES) and the ES dependent electronic properties are basic pillars in semiconductor electronics and this first-of-its-kind book deals with the said concepts in doping superlattices (SLs), quantum well, quantum wire and quantum dot SLs, effective mass SLs, SLs with graded interfaces and Fibonacci SLs under different physical conditions respectively. The influences of intense radiation and strong electric fields under said concepts have been considered together with the heavily doped SLs in this context on the basis of newly formulated the electron energy spectra in all the cases. We have suggested experimental determinations of the Einstein relation for the Diffusivity-Mobility ratio, the Debye screening length, Elastic Constants and the content of this book finds 25 different applications in the arena of nanoscience and nanotechnology.This book contains hundred open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both PhD aspirants and researchers. It is written for post graduate students of various departments of different academic organizations, engineers and professionals in the fields of solid state electronics, materials science, solid state sciences, nano-science, nanotechnology and nano materials in general.

Advances in Terahertz Technology and Its Applications

Sudipta Das,N. Anveshkumar,Joydeep Dutta,Arindam Biswas
Advances in Terahertz Technology and Its Applications Book PDF

Author : Sudipta Das,N. Anveshkumar,Joydeep Dutta,Arindam Biswas
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811657313

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Advances in Terahertz Technology and Its Applications by Sudipta Das,N. Anveshkumar,Joydeep Dutta,Arindam Biswas Pdf

This book highlights the growing applications of THz technology and various modules used for their successful realization. The enormous advantages of THz devices like higher resolution, spatial directivity, high-speed communication, greater bandwidth, non-ionizing signal nature and compactness make them useful in various applications like communication, sensing, security, safety, spectroscopy, manufacturing, bio-medical, agriculture, imaging, etc. Since the THz radiation covers frequencies from 0.1THz to around 10THz and highly attenuated by atmospheric gases, they are used in short-distance applications only. The book focuses on recent advances and different research issues in terahertz technology and presents theoretical, methodological, well-established and validated empirical works dealing with the different topics.

Emerging Trends in Terahertz Engineering and System Technologies

Arindam Biswas,Amit Banerjee,Aritra Acharyya,Hiroshi Inokawa
Emerging Trends in Terahertz Engineering and System Technologies Book PDF

Author : Arindam Biswas,Amit Banerjee,Aritra Acharyya,Hiroshi Inokawa
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2021-02-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811597664

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Emerging Trends in Terahertz Engineering and System Technologies by Arindam Biswas,Amit Banerjee,Aritra Acharyya,Hiroshi Inokawa Pdf

This book highlights emerging trends in terahertz engineering and system technologies, mainly, devices, advanced materials, and various applications in THz technology. It includes advanced topics such as terahertz biomedical imaging, pattern recognition and tomographic reconstruction for THz biomedical imaging by use of machine learning and artificial intelligence, THz imaging radars for autonomous vehicle applications, THZ imaging system for security and surveillance. It also discusses theoretical, experimental, established and validated empirical work on these topics and the intended audience is both academic and professional.

Quantum Effects, Heavy Doping, And The Effective Mass

Ghatak Kamakhya Prasad
Quantum Effects Heavy Doping And The Effective Mass Book PDF

Author : Ghatak Kamakhya Prasad
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 756 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2016-12-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789813146532

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Quantum Effects, Heavy Doping, And The Effective Mass by Ghatak Kamakhya Prasad Pdf

The importance of the effective mass (EM) is already well known since the inception of solid-state physics and this first-of-its-kind monograph solely deals with the quantum effects in EM of heavily doped (HD) nanostructures. The materials considered are HD quantum confined nonlinear optical, III-V, II-VI, IV-VI, GaP, Ge, PtSb2, stressed materials, GaSb, Te, II-V, Bi2Te3, lead germanium telluride, zinc and cadmium diphosphides, and quantum confined III-V, II-VI, IV-VI, and HgTe/CdTe super-lattices with graded interfaces and effective mass super-lattices. The presence of intense light waves in optoelectronics and strong electric field in nano-devices change the band structure of semiconductors in fundamental ways, which have also been incorporated in the study of EM in HD quantized structures of optoelectronic compounds that control the studies of the HD quantum effect devices under strong fields. The importance of measurement of band gap in optoelectronic materials under intense external fields has also been discussed in this context. The influences of magnetic quantization, crossed electric and quantizing fields, electric field and light waves on the EM in HD semiconductors and super-lattices are discussed. The content of this book finds twenty-eight different applications in the arena of nano-science and nano-technology. This book contains 200 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both PhD aspirants and researchers in the fields of condensed matter physics, materials science, solid state sciences, nano-science and technology and allied fields in addition to the graduate courses in semiconductor nanostructures. The book is written for post-graduate students, researchers, engineers and professionals in the fields of condensed matter physics, solid state sciences, materials science, nanoscience and technology and nanostructured materials in general.

Topics In Nanoscience - Part I: Basic Views, Complex Nanosystems: Typical Results And Future

Wolfram Schommers
Topics In Nanoscience Part I Basic Views Complex Nanosystems Typical Results And Future Book PDF

Author : Wolfram Schommers
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2021-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811243875

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Topics In Nanoscience - Part I: Basic Views, Complex Nanosystems: Typical Results And Future by Wolfram Schommers Pdf

With the development of the scanning tunneling microscope, nanoscience became an important discipline. Single atoms could be manipulated in a controlled manner, and it became possible to change matter at its 'ultimate' level; it is the level on which the properties of matter emerge. This possibility enables to construct and to produce devices, materials, etc. with very small sizes and completely new properties. That opens up new perspectives for technology and is in particular relevant in connection with nano-engineering.Nanosystems are unimaginably small and very fast. No doubt, this is an important characteristic. But there is another feature, possibly more relevant, in connection with nanoscience and nanotechnology. The essential point here is that we work at the 'ultimate level'. This is the smallest level at which the properties of our world emerge, at which functional matter can exist. In particular, at this level biological individuality comes into existence. This situation can be expressed in absolute terms: This is not only the strongest material ever made, this is the strongest material it will ever be possible to make (D Ratner and M Ratner, Nanotechnology and Homeland Security). This is a very general statement. All aspects of matter are concerned here. Through the variation of the composition various forms of matter emerge with different items.Nanosystems are usually small, but they offer nevertheless the possibility to vary the structure of atomic (molecular) ensembles, creating a diversity of new material-specific properties. A large variety of experimental possibilities come into play and flexible theoretical tools are needed at the basic level. This is reflected in the different disciplines: In nanoscience and nanotechnology we have various directions: Materials science, functional nanomaterials, nanoparticles, food chemistry, medicine with brain research, quantum and molecular computing, bioinformatics, magnetic nanostructures, nano-optics, nano-electronics, etc.The properties of matter, which are involved within these nanodisciplines, are ultimate in character, i.e., their characteristic properties come into existence at this level. The book is organized in this respect.

Topics In Nanoscience (In 2 Parts)

Wolfram Schommers
Topics In Nanoscience In 2 Parts Book PDF

Author : Wolfram Schommers
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 872 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811256134

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Topics In Nanoscience (In 2 Parts) by Wolfram Schommers Pdf

With the development of the scanning tunneling microscope, nanoscience became an important discipline. Single atoms could be manipulated in a controlled manner, and it became possible to change matter at its 'ultimate' level; it is the level on which the properties of matter emerge. This possibility enables to construct and to produce devices, materials, etc. with very small sizes and completely new properties. That opens up new perspectives for technology and is in particular relevant in connection with nano-engineering.Nanosystems are unimaginably small and very fast. No doubt, this is an important characteristic. But there is another feature, possibly more relevant, in connection with nanoscience and nanotechnology. The essential point here is that we work at the 'ultimate level'. This is the smallest level at which the properties of our world emerge, at which functional matter can exist. In particular, at this level biological individuality comes into existence. This situation can be expressed in absolute terms: This is not only the strongest material ever made, this is the strongest material it will ever be possible to make (D Ratner and M Ratner, Nanotechnology and Homeland Security). This is a very general statement. All aspects of matter are concerned here. Through the variation of the composition various forms of matter emerge with different items.Nanosystems are usually small, but they offer nevertheless the possibility to vary the structure of atomic (molecular) ensembles, creating a diversity of new material-specific properties. A large variety of experimental possibilities come into play and flexible theoretical tools are needed at the basic level. This is reflected in the different disciplines: In nanoscience and nanotechnology we have various directions: Materials science, functional nanomaterials, nanoparticles, food chemistry, medicine with brain research, quantum and molecular computing, bioinformatics, magnetic nanostructures, nano-optics, nano-electronics, etc.The properties of matter, which are involved within these nanodisciplines, are ultimate in character, i.e., their characteristic properties come into existence at this level. The book is organized in this respect.

Dispersion Relations in Heavily-Doped Nanostructures

Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak
Dispersion Relations in Heavily Doped Nanostructures Book PDF

Author : Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak
Publisher : Springer
Page : 625 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2015-10-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319210001

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Dispersion Relations in Heavily-Doped Nanostructures by Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak Pdf

This book presents the dispersion relation in heavily doped nano-structures. The materials considered are III-V, II-VI, IV-VI, GaP, Ge, Platinum Antimonide, stressed, GaSb, Te, II-V, HgTe/CdTe superlattices and Bismuth Telluride semiconductors. The dispersion relation is discussed under magnetic quantization and on the basis of carrier energy spectra. The influences of magnetic field, magneto inversion, and magneto nipi structures on nano-structures is analyzed. The band structure of optoelectronic materials changes with photo-excitation in a fundamental way according to newly formulated electron dispersion laws. They control the quantum effect in optoelectronic devices in the presence of light. The measurement of band gaps in optoelectronic materials in the presence of external photo-excitation is displayed. The influences of magnetic quantization, crossed electric and quantizing fields, intense electric fields on the on the dispersion relation in heavily doped semiconductors and super-lattices are also discussed. This book contains 200 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for graduate students and researchers. The book is written for post graduate students, researchers and engineers.

Origin Of Natural Order, The: An Axiomatic Theory Of Biology

Zhao Qinyi
Origin Of Natural Order The An Axiomatic Theory Of Biology Book PDF

Author : Zhao Qinyi
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2017-09-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789813209282

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Origin Of Natural Order, The: An Axiomatic Theory Of Biology by Zhao Qinyi Pdf

All sorts of biological activities are processed thermodynamically, and at the utmost fundamental level, the laws of biology must be thermodynamics. However, the current laws of thermodynamics are unable to give reasonable explanation of biological processes. In order to do so, irreversible thermodynamics has been theorized to describe the basic mechanism for the origin of natural order or the development of things (related to developmental biology). The scientific definition of the system theory concept has been obtained and the properties of a biological system can be analyzed by applying principles of it. Irreversible thermodynamics and system theory act as the theoretical foundation for theoretical biology. By applying principles of irreversible thermodynamics and system theory, the axiomatic theory of biology has been developed. Contents: PrefaceIntroductionPhysical Foundation: The Essence of Irreversible ThermodynamicsThe Origin of Natural OrderThe Developing System and Hierarchical Structure of ThingsPartition Function of a Thermodynamic SystemDissipative Structure and Thermodynamic Structure TheorySystem Logic and System Theory: The Scientific Definition of the SystemLogic Discontinuity and Continuity Between Different Levels of Hierarchical StructureSystem LogicIsolating Logic Relationship Between Complex SystemsAxiomatic Theory of Biology: Irreversible Thermodynamic Structure Theory for Protein FoldingCan We Go from Protein Sequence to Protein Structure?Protein Thermodynamic Structure TheoryGeneral Properties of a ProteinProtein ConformationDynamic and Thermodynamic Nature of Protein Conformational ChangeProtein Ligand InteractionThe Receptor Activation and Fashions of Protein RegulationThe Basic Thermodynamic Principles of Enzyme Catalyzed ReactionProtein Conformational Change and Enzyme ActivityAllodynamic Regulation Model for Enzyme Regulation — A Thermodynamic ViewThe Protein EvolutionA Thermodynamic Model for Bio-signalsProtein Flexibility as a BiosignalSignal Conduction and Neural ConductionSignaling Network Theory and System BiologyBiological DevelopmentHybridization and Hybrid VigorBiological EvolutionScientific Explanation of Traditional Chinese Medical Theory Readership: Graduate students, educators, university lecturers in biophysics. Keywords: Ligands;Protein Folding;DNA;Entropy;Thermodynamics;System Biology;Developmental SystemsReview: Key Features: The first axiomatic theory of biologyIt has unified fields of mathematics, thermodynamics, biologyIt agrees with experimental results in diversified fields of biology well