Malawi Operational Plan Report Fy 2013

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503193594

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Malawi Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

The Republic of Malawi has a population of nearly 16 million people living in an area of 118,484 square kilometers (approximately the size of Ohio). As one of the poorest countries in the world, currently ranked 171 out of 187 on the Human Development Index, Malawi has faced an uphill battle to achieve improvements in key health indicators. Malawi is faced with double-digit HIV prevalence, one of the highest malaria prevalence rates in the world, and a population that is expected to double by 2030. These challenges are putting increasing pressure on land, natural resources and social services. Malawi is well known in the region for its innovations in public health programming, and maintains a well-coordinated health donor environment, under the leadership of the Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) Secretariat in the Ministry of Health (MoH). The strong national commitment and leadership to improved health outcomes, with support from development partners, has significant achievements to show for it: Malawi is on track to meet MDG 4, reducing child mortality by two-thirds by 2015 HIV prevalenceamongst 15-49 year olds has declined from 11.8 % in 2004 to 10.6% in 2010 per the Malawian Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) Maternal mortality has decreased from 1,120 per 100,000 live births in 2000 to 675 in 2010 Fertility has declined from 6.3 births in 2000 to 5.7 births per woman in 2010 Modern contraceptive use has increased from 26% in 2000 to 42% in 2010. Modeling of 2010 ANC data and the 2010 MDHS data shows just under one million Malawians living with HIV, 19% of whom are children under 15, and 47% of whom are adult women. AIDS is the leading cause of death, with an estimated 44,000 deaths in 2011, and is a major contributing factor to Malawi's low life expectancy of 54 years. TB continues to be a challenge and co-morbidity with HIV is common. The WHO estimated 29,000 new cases of all forms of TB in 2011, with approximately 62% in PLHIV. While there has been a significant increase in TB treatment success rate of 87% (up from 67% in 2001), the overall case detection rate remains about 66%.

Author : Kim Yi Dionne
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781107195592

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Doomed Interventions by Kim Yi Dionne Pdf

This book is for students and scholars studying political economy, public policy, and global health, and all those who are interested in knowing how ordinary Africans think about the response to the AIDS epidemic. It studies the divergent priorities of donors and citizens in response to AIDS intervention in Africa.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503193160

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Angola Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

In 2011, Secretary Clinton called on the world to join in the fight for an AIDS Free generation and in 2012 the Secretary revealed a PEPFAR (President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) Blueprint outlining the path to making this a reality. Aligned with the Global Health Initiative (GHI) Strategy, our Partnership Framework (PF) and the Blueprint's policy imperative, Angola's PEPFAR initiatives are based on strategic, scientifically sound investments to scale-up core HIV prevention to maximize impact. Based on a capacity-building, systems strengthening model, PEPFAR Angola is working with partners to effectively mobilize, coordinate and efficiently use resources to save more lives sooner. The focus will be on key populations, on women and girls to increase gender equality, and ending stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV (Cross Cutting-Appendix A). This will be measured by setting benchmarks that are regularly assessed, with the long term goal of country ownership. The Angola PEPFAR Team will continue to build upon successes of our past, maintaining current programs like supporting the Government of Republic of Angola (GRA-INLS, INSP, CNS) decentralization plan with technical assistance in health systems strengthening, implementation of an enhanced Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) services, building GRA human resources by training local surveillance experts to sustain the country's capacity in strategic information, and supporting the military to strengthen its HIV Prevention Program and promote organizational networking with other military partners at the regional level. In addition to continuing programs, in fiscal year 2014, Angola PEPFAR will expand PMTCT and HIV testing and counseling in Luanda province and coordinate HIV initiatives across borders to demonstrate collaboration with our neighbors in unity toward an AIDS Free generation. The United States Government (USG-Appendix C) utilizes a technical assistance approach in areas identified by the Ministry of Health (MoH). Secretary Clinton stated in her remarks at the 2012 International AIDS conference that we should continue to be focused on supporting high-impact interventions, and make tough decisions driven by science. This is the fundamental goal of the Angola PEPFAR program.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503193136

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Burundi Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

Burundi is a low-income developing country with a population of 10.5 million (July 2012 CIA World Fact book), an annual population growth of 2.4 percent, and more than 300 inhabitants per km2. This makes Burundi the country with the second highest population density in sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi remains one of the poorest countries in the world with a per capita gross national income (GNI) of $170, and it is considered one of the world's 40 "Heavily Indebted Poor Countries". Additionally, it is worth noting that a civil war, which lasted 13 years from 1993, killed more than 300,000 people, severely weakened the health and social welfare systems and negatively affected donor support and private sector investment in Burundi.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 150319311X

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Cameroon Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

Cameroon is a lower-middle income country with a population of 20 million representing over 275 ethnic groups. Cameroon's epidemiological profile is dominated by communicable diseases such as malaria and HIV (prevalence of 4.3%, DHS 2011); and an increased prevalence in non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Maternal mortality is estimated at 782 per 100,000 live births, while the under-five mortality rate is estimated at 122 per 1,000 live births. Funding for health is approximately 5% of the 2013 budget. In 2010, private spending (out of pocket) accounted for 70.4% of total health expenditure (including 94.5% in the form of direct payments); 13.2% of the funding was provided by external resources; while government funds covered 16.4% of total expenditures on health (World Bank Report on Health and Health Systems in Cameroon, 2012). The significant financial burden on households to finance health care consequently affects access to and use of health services in Cameroon.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503194256

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Mozambique Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

As part of our two year Country Operational Plan (COP), the 2013 plan supports the global priorities set forth in the AIDS-Free Generation (AFG) policy to: provide antiretroviral treatment (ART) for 6 million people; perform 4.7 million voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) procedures; provide antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis to 1.5 million HIV-infected pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT); support the Government of Mozambique's (GRM) national "HIV/AIDS Acceleration Plan 2013-2015" (Acceleration Plan) to increase the percentage of eligible adults and children with advanced HIV infection who receive antiretroviral therapy to 80%; increase the percentage of HIV-positive pregnant women who receive ARVs to 90%; and increase the percentage of adult males circumcised in target provinces to 75% by 2015. The Acceleration Plan, developed in collaboration with the PEPFAR Mozambique team, and closely coordinated with the development of the Ministry of Health's Global Fund Round 9 phase II application for HIV/AIDS, prioritizes high-impact interventions and geographic areas, and focuses on a continuum of response by addressing key populations. This year's COP represents result-driven and target-based budget allocations through direct application of PEPFAR Expenditure Analysis and other unit cost data to PEPFAR's contribution to the national targets. Our interventions target priority districts identified in the GRM's Acceleration Plan and ensure strong linkages between counseling and testing, care, treatment, and PMTCT for a robust continuum of response. Our overall budget is carefully aligned to the priorities of an AIDS Free Generation. Prevention activities represent 24% of our overall budget, with 8% allocated to PMTCT for ARV prophylaxis for 61,147 pregnant women, 8% allocated to VMMC to circumcise 224,413 men, 3% reserved for sexual prevention to reach most-at-risk populations (MARPs), 4% dedicated to test and counsel 2.2 million individuals; 33% allocated for antiretroviral (ART) treatment for 380,680 adults and children - including 16% for ARV drugs, 19% dedicated to the care of almost one million HIV infected adults and children - including 10% for orphans and vulnerable children, and 13% budgeted for system strengthening activities to support prevention, care, and treatment goals. HIV commodities, including ARV drugs, represent 23% of the budget. USG management and operations represent 11% of PEPFAR resources.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503193608

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Lesotho Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

The Kingdom of Lesotho, located in the eastern part of Southern Africa, covers an area of 30,350 km2 and has a population of 1,876,633 million. Largely mountainous, 23% of the population lives in urban areas clustered along the flatter north-western borders. The remaining 77% live in rural and difficult to access areas. Less than 20% of the population has salaried employment and 77% of households in Lesotho depend on subsistence agricultural as their main source of food. Employment in Lesotho is limited; 43% of the population lives on less than $1.25 per day and the Lesotho workforce depend on migration to the Republic of South Africa for work opportunities such as mining, agriculture, construction, and domestic work. Health indicators are poor; maternal mortality has increased to 1,155 deaths per 100,000 live births and population growth declined to 0.08%. The impact of the HIV epidemic has been identified as a major factor in the decline in population growth and is linked to broader health and development challenges for Lesotho.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503194205

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Rwanda Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

Rwanda has made remarkable progress since the tragedy of the 1994 genocide, with growth in real per capita income averaging nearly 5% and accelerating to an average of over 8% in the period 2006-2010 (NISR, Statistical Yearbook 2011). However, Rwanda remains one of the world's poorest countries, and is ranked 166 out of 187 countries on UNDP's Human Development Index 2011. According to the 2011 household survey, 45% of the population lives below the poverty line of $1.30 per day with 24% falling below an extreme poverty threshold of about $0.90 per day (NISR, 2012). Although Rwanda has made significant progress in improving the health status of its population, much work remains. Females have a life expectancy of 53.8 years, while males have a life expectancy of 49.4 years (NISR, 2011). The burden of disease in Rwanda is similar to that of other developing countries. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) accounted for 36% of all illnesses in 2011, followed by intestinal parasites (9%) (Rwanda MOH Annual Health Statistics Booklet, 2011). Cases of malaria have dropped from 8% in 2010 to 3% in 2011 but account for 6% of total deaths in 2011 as compared to 13% in 2010. In 2011, HIV and associated opportunistic infections was the fourth leading cause of hospital mortality with 7% of deaths after premature birth (11%), ARIs (9%) and cardiac diseases (9%).

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 546 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503194167

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Tanzania Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

Since 2004, PEPFAR Tanzania has been working closely with the United Republic of Tanzania and other donors, including the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, to respond to the HIV epidemic. PEPFAR/T, the GFATM and the URT share a symbiotic relationship in Tanzania. While PEPFAR/T predominantly focuses on services and system strengthening, GFATM is responsible for commodity procurement and some systems strengthening, and the URT provides policy framework, infrastructure, systems, and personnel. Deficits in resources, governance, and health systems continue to complicate Tanzania's ability to adequately respond to HIV/AIDS. As a result, Tanzania's health programs, especially for HIV, are highly dependent upon donor funding. Foreign funds account for 97% of the Mainland's HIV/AIDS response, of which 90% come from the combined efforts of PEPFAR/T (74%) and the GFATM (16%). In addition, the country grapples with weak health infrastructure, shortages of health and social workers, high levels of stigma, cumbersome government procurement systems, weak management and strategic planning, and poor accountability. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, adult HIV prevalence in the country is estimated at 5.8% and an estimated 1.6 million Tanzanians are living with HIV of which 1.3 million are OVC. An estimated 84,000 AIDS related deaths occur in Tanzanian each year. According to the 2007-08 Tanzania HIV and AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey, the impact of the epidemic varies significantly by region, with the highest prevalence region (Iringa) estimated at 15.7%, and the lowest estimated (Zanzibar) at 0.6%, and with a significant difference in the prevalence between urban (9%) and rural (5%) areas. The data also reveal significant sex differentials in HIV prevalence, with male prevalence at 5%, and female prevalence at 7%. A new THMIS was conducted in 2011-2012 and is due to be released in late March 2013. Despite a generalized epidemic, key populations play a critical role in HIV transmission dynamics. Data indicate that injection drug use, specifically heroin use, is on the rise in urban Tanzania and Zanzibar. Studies carried out in Dar es Salaam indicate that the HIV prevalence is 42% among people who inject drugs (2007) and 31.4% among sex workers (2010), while unpublished data for men who have sex with men in Dar es Salaam indicates prevalence over 30% (2012). PEPFAR support to Tanzania has enabled a dramatic increase in the number of adults and children accessing ART, with 364,000 individuals receiving treatment in FY2012. Also during FY2012, a total of 3,370,000 individuals received HIV testing and counseling, 1,100,000 pregnant women were tested and counseled through PMTCT services, 526,000 OVC received support, and 152,000 VMMC took place.

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503194116

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Zimbabwe Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

The country continues to experience a generalized HIV epidemic with an estimated 1.2 million HIV-infected adults and children in 2011 and approximately 58,000 deaths each year. Social, cultural, and economic factors contributing to HIV transmission include transactional sex, multiple and concurrent partners, alcohol abuse, low awareness of HIV infection status, lack of ART use in undiagnosed individuals, poor treatment adherence, and low levels of male circumcision (MC). While prevalence among youth has dropped significantly, it is worth noting that prevalence among girls was twice that of boys of the same age. HIV is the leading cause of death among adults and accounts for over 27% of all deaths among mothers and infants. Maternal mortality rate nearly tripled between 1994 and 2010. Zimbabwe's TB case rate (603 per 100,000) is one of the highest in the world. The TB epidemic in Zimbabwe is largely HIV driven with a very high TB/HIV co-infection rate (at 80%) with an increasing number of MDR and XDR cases. TB is the second leading cause of adult morbidity and mortality in Zimbabwe. National Response - The National AIDS Council (NAC) and the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (MOHCW) lead the national HIV/AIDS response and have outlined their goals in Zimbabwe National Strategic Plan (ZNASPII) 2011-2015. While the level of institutional leadership within the MOHCW is high in terms of technical direction and policy setting, the capacity for implementation continues to be limited. For the MOHCW low capacity is largely an outcome of limited national resources for programming, which affects its capacity to deploy and adequately train sufficient experienced health professionals, provide adequate commodities, and provide a high level of monitoring and supervision to ensure high quality service delivery. As such, donor resources have been essential to national prevention, care, treatment, and health systems strengthening (HSS) efforts. The majority of HIV/AIDS-related activities are donor funded. Nevertheless, Zimbabwe has not received the magnitude of donor funding that countries with similar HIV burden have been fortunate to access. Zimbabwe is facing potential critical shortages of key inputs to achieve ambitious goals, particularly in the areas of treatment, prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), and MC.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1454 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Economic assistance, American
ISBN : IND:30000153227545

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State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations for 2017 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Pdf

Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1503194159

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Uganda Operational Plan Report Fy 2013 by United States United States Department of State Pdf

In September 2012, the Ministry of Health (MOH) released the results of the Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey (UAIS) 2011, which indicated that Uganda continues to experience a severe HIV epidemic. HIV prevalence in the general population (15 to 59 years old) is estimated to be 7.3% in 2011, compared to 6.4% in 2004-5. HIV prevalence is higher among women (8.3%) than among men (6.1%). Compared to the 2004/5 UAIS survey, the magnitude of change in HIV prevalence varied across regions: Central, Western, Southwestern and Northern regions remain the worst-affected while modest declines in prevalence were recorded in the East-Central and Mid-Eastern regions. Of particular concern is the rise in HIV prevalence among young people aged 15-24 years generally and in all age groups specifically in the West Nile and North-East regions that previously were least affected. UNAIDS projects the number of new annual infections at 150,000 (2011), an increase from 120,000 in 2004. AIDS mortality is estimated at 62,000 deaths in 2011, the lowest estimate in a long decline since 2000, reflecting the significant expansion of ART. The UNAIDS' most recent World AIDS Day Report warned of increasing unprotected sex (both sexes) and multiple partners (women). The estimated number of people infected with HIV has risen to 1.39 million, 55% of whom are female and 14% are children under the age of 15 years. HIV is predominantly heterosexually transmitted, accounting for 75-80% of new infections. However, population subgroups show that the most affected and the risk factors and drivers of HIV infections have evolved in recent years. Studies show an HIV prevalence of 1.2% in university students, 15-40% in fishing communities, 37% among sex workers, 18% in the partners of sex workers, and 13% in the group of men with a history of having sex with men. Strikingly, 35% of new infections occur amongst self-reported monogamous individuals which raises concerns regarding rising multiple concurrent partnerships. The remaining transmissions are largely due to mother-to-child HIV transmission. In response to the 2011 UAIS results, PEPFAR revised its programmatic and technical approaches and targets to better respond to Uganda's escalating epidemic. The 2013 COP is based on scientific evidence, prioritized proven interventions, resources matched effectively across subpopulations, and efforts directed towards sources of new infections to assist the HIV/AIDS epidemic response in Uganda. The 2013 COP is the product of a consultative process that involved the GOU, PEPFAR implementing partners (IP) and bilateral and multilateral donors.

Author : Peyman Ghaffari
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2023-08-02
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781000903430

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Bio-mathematics, Statistics, and Nano-Technologies by Peyman Ghaffari Pdf

Finding effective methods for mosquito control remains one of the great global challenges facing this generation. Bio-mathematics, Statistics and Nano-Technologies: Mosquito Control Strategies brings together experts from a large array of disciplines in order to provide a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge techniques to model, analyse and combat mosquito-transmitted vector-borne diseases. Features Includes multiple case studies Suitable for scientists and professionals working on methods for mosquito control and epidemiology Provide a much-needed focal point for interdisciplinary discussion

Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484382745

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Malawi by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. Pdf

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Military art and science
ISBN : PURD:32754083999643

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Military Review by Anonim Pdf