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Author : Geert Keil,Nora Kreft
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107192690
The first collection of essays on Aristotle's philosophy of human nature, covering the metaphysical, biological and ethical works.
Author : Douglas T Kenrick,Vladas Griskevicius
Publisher : Hachette UK
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2013-09-10
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780465040971
Why do three out of four professional football players go bankrupt? How can illiterate jungle dwellers pass a test that tricks Harvard philosophers? And why do billionaires work so hard -- only to give their hard-earned money away? When it comes to making decisions, the classic view is that humans are eminently rational. But growing evidence suggests instead that our choices are often irrational, biased, and occasionally even moronic. Which view is right -- or is there another possibility? In this animated tour of the inner workings of the mind, psychologist Douglas T. Kenrick and business professor Vladas Griskevicius challenge the prevailing views of decision making, and present a new alternative grounded in evolutionary science. By connecting our modern behaviors to their ancestral roots, they reveal that underneath our seemingly foolish tendencies is an exceptionally wise system of decision making. From investing money to choosing a job, from buying a car to choosing a romantic partner, our choices are driven by deep-seated evolutionary goals. Because each of us has multiple evolutionary goals, though, new research reveals something radical -- there's more than one "you" making decisions. Although it feels as if there is just one single "self" inside your head, your mind actually contains several different subselves, each one steering you in a different direction when it takes its turn at the controls. The Rational Animal will transform the way you think about decision making. And along the way, you'll discover the intimate connections between ovulating strippers, Wall Street financiers, testosterone-crazed skateboarders, Steve Jobs, Elvis Presley, and you.
Author : Edo Pivčević
Publisher : UPA
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-06-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780761867937
This challenging and refreshingly innovative book addresses certain fundamental questions concerning rational legitimacy of some widely held beliefs and provides argument-based answers to such questions, while at the same time encouraging the reader to actively engage with the views put forward and form his/her own judgement.
Author : Anselm Oelze
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Animal intelligence
ISBN : 9004363629
In Animal Rationality: Later Medieval Theories 1250-1350, Anselm Oelze offers the first comprehensive and systematic exploration of theories of animal rationality in the later Middle Ages. Traditionally, it was held that medieval thinkers ascribed rationality to humans while denying it to nonhuman animals. As Oelze shows, this narrative fails to capture the depth and diversity of the medieval debate. Although many thinkers, from Albert the Great to John Buridan, did indeed hold that nonhuman animals lack rational faculties, some granted them the ability to engage in certain rational processes such as judging, reasoning, or employing prudence. There is thus a whole spectrum of positions to be discovered, many of which show interesting parallels with contemporary theories of animal rationality.
Author : Alasdair MacIntyre
Publisher : Open Court
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1999-08-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780812697056
"MacIntyre--one of the foremost ethicists of the past half-century--makes a sustained argument for the cetnrality, in well-lived human lives, of both virtue and local communities of giving and receiving. He criticizes the mainstream of Western ethics, including his own previous position, for not taking seriously the dependent and animal sides of human nature, thereby overemphasizing the powers of reason and the pursuit of reason and the pursuit of autonomy. . . . This important work in ethics is essential for the professional philosopher and is highly readable for students at all levels and for thoughtful citizens." --Choice
Author : Antony Flew
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : UCAL:B4421099
These 'philosophical' essays are related by a concern to develop and defend and Aristotelian view - that we are both essentially and entirely creatures of mortal flesh and blood, and uniquely rational animals.
Author : Christopher Cherniak
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1990-03-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0262530872
In Minimal Rationality, Christopher Cherniak boldly challenges the myth of Man the the Rational Animal and the central role that the "perfectly rational agent" has had in philosophy, psychology, and other cognitive sciences, as well as in economics. His book presents a more realistic theory based on the limits to rationality which can play a similar generative role in the human sciences, and it seeks to determine the minimal rationality an actual agent must possess.
Author : Bertrand Russell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134685370
In this volume of essays Bertrand Russell is concerned to combat, in one way or another, the growth of dogmatism, whether of the Right or of the Left, which has hitherto characterised our tragic century. This serious purpose inspires them even if, at times, they seem flippant; for those who are solemn and pontifical. In subject they range from Philosophy for the Layman, The Functions of a Teacher, and The Future of Mankind to an Outline of Intellectual Rubbish, Ideas that have helped Mankind and Ideas that have Harmed Mankind.
Author : Joel Cope
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:268821737
Author : J. Agassi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401010955
The thesis of the present volume is critical and dual. (1) Present day philosophy of man and sciences of man suffer from the Greek mis taken polarization of everything human into nature and convention which is (allegedly) good and evil, which is (allegedly) truth and fal sity, which is (allegedly) rationality and irrationality, to wit, the polar ization of all fields of inquiry, the natural and social sciences, as well as ethics and all technology, whether natural or social, into the totally positive and the totally negative. (2) Almost all philosophy and sci ences of man share the erroneous work ethic which is the myth of man's evil nature - the myth of the beast in man, the doctrine of original sin. To mediate or to compromise between the first view of human nature as good with the second view of it as evil, sociologists have devised a modified utilitarianism with deferred gratification so called, and the theory of the evil of artificial competition (capitalist and socialist alike) and of keeping up with the Joneses. Now, the mediation is not necessary. For, the polarization makes for abstract errors which are simplistic views of rationality, such as reductionism and positivism of all sorts, as well as for concrete errors, such as the disposition to condemn repeatedly those human weaknesses which are inevitable, namely man's inability to be perfectly rational, avoid all error, etc. , thus setting man against himself as all too wicked.
Author : William Emerson Ritter
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1930
Category : Psychology, Comparative
ISBN : OCLC:61634530
Author : G N Cantor,G.N. Cantor,J.R.R. Christie,M.J.S. Hodge,R.C. Olby
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 754 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000158854
The 67 chapters of this book describe and analyse the development of Western science from 1500 to the present day. Divided into two major sections - 'The Study of the History of Science' and 'Selected Writings in the History of Science' - the volume describes the methods and problems of research in the field and then applies these techniques to a wide range of fields. Areas covered include: * the Copernican Revolution * Genetics * Science and Imperialism * the History of Anthropology * Science and Religion * Magic and Science. The companion is an indispensable resource for students and professionals in History, Philosophy, Sociology and the Sciences as well as the History of Science. It will also appeal to the general reader interested in an introduction to the subject.
Author : Lee MacLean
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442644953
Featuring careful analyses and an extensive engagement with the secondary literature, The Free Animal offers a novel interpretation of the changing nature and complexity of Rousseau's intention.
Author : Paul Ramsey
Publisher : Westminster John Knox Press
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1950-01-01
Category : Religion
ISBN : 0664253245
"This treatise on Christian ethics is one of the most thoughtful and comprehensive presentations of the subject we have had in many years. It should be of inestimable value not only to the general reader but also to students and classes in our colleges and seminaries".--Reinhold Niebuhr. Part of Westminster's Library of Theological Ethics series.
Author : Susan Hurley,Matthew Nudds
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 561 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Science
ISBN : 0198528272
To what extent can animal behaviour be described as rational? What does it even mean to describe behaviour as rational? This book focuses on one of the major debates in science today - how closely does mental processing in animals resemble mental processing in humans. It addresses the question of whether and to what extent non-human animals are rational, that is, whether any animal behaviour can be regarded as the result of a rational thought processes. It does this with attention to three key questions, which recur throughout the book and which have both empirical and philosophical aspects: What kinds of behavioural tasks can animals successfully perform? What if any mental processes must be postulated to explain their performance at these tasks? What properties must processes have to count as rational? The book is distinctive in pursuing these questions not only in relation to our closest relatives, the primates, whose intelligence usually gets the most attention, but also in relation to birds and dolphins, where striking results are also being obtained. Some chapters focus on a particular species. They describe some of the extraordinary and complex behaviour of these species - using tools in novel ways to solve foraging problems, for example, or behaving in novel ways to solve complex social problems - and ask whether such behaviour should be explained in rational or merely mechanistic terms. Other chapters address more theoretical issues and ask,for example, what it means for behaviour to be rational, and whether rationality can be understood in the absence of language. The book includes many of the world's leading figures doing empirical work on rationality in primates, dolphins, and birds, as well as distinguished philosophers of mind and science. The book includes an editors' introduction which summarises the philosophical and empirical work presented, and draws together the issues discussed by the contributors.