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Author : John Adams
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : SOCIAL SCIENCE
ISBN : 0855987936
Author : John Adams
Publisher : Oxfam
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0855983787
This book is based on a public-health approach to the provision of water and sanitation in emergencies: an approach that is information-based and people-based. It emphasizes the need for a coordinated and phased response, which adapts to meet constantly changing needs.
Author : Petr Hlavinek,Cvetanka Popovska,Ivana Mahrikova,Tamara Kukharchyk
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2009-04-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789048123650
Each year more than 200 million people are affected by floods, tropical storms, droughts, earthquakes, and also operational failures, wars, terrorism, vandalism, and accidents involving hazardous materials. These are part of the wide variety of events that cause death, injury, and significant economic losses for the countries affected. In an environment where natural hazards are present, local actions are decisive in all stages of risk management: in the work of prevention and mitigation, in rehabilitation and reconstruction, and above all in emergency response and the provision of basic services to the affected population. Commitment to systematic vulnerability reduction is crucial to ensure the resilience of communities and populations to the impact of natural and manmade hazards. Current challenges for the water and sanitation sector require an increase in sustainable access to water and sanitation services in residential areas, where natural hazards pose the greatest risk. In settlements located on unstable and risk-prone land there is growing environmental degradation coupled with extreme conditions of poverty that increase vulnerability. The development of local capacity and risk management play vital roles in obtaining sustainability of water and sanitation systems as well as for the communities themselves. Unfortunately water may also represent a potential target for terrorist activity or war conflict and a deliberate contamination of water is a potential public health threat. An approach which considers the needs of communities and institutions is particularly important in urban areas affected by armed conflict. Risk management for large rehabilitation projects has to deal with major changes caused by conflict: damaged or destroyed infrastructure, increased population, corrupt or inefficient water utilities, and impoverished communities. Water supply and sanitation are amongst the first considerations in disaster response. The greatest water-borne risk to health in most emergencies is the transmission of faecal pathogens, due to inadequate sanitation, hygiene and protection of water sources. However, some disasters, including those involving damage to chemical and nuclear industrial installations, or involving volcanic activity, may create acute problems from chemical or radiological water pollution. Sanitation includes safe excreta disposal, drainage of wastewater and rainwater, solid waste disposal and vector control. This book is based on the discussions and papers prepared for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop that took place in Ohrid, Macedonia under the auspices of the NATO Security Through Science Programme and addressed problems Risk management of water supply and sanitation systems impaired by operational failures, natural disasters and war conflicts. The main purpose of the workshop was to critically assess the existing knowledge on Risk management of water supply and sanitation systems, with respect to diverse conditions in participating countries, and promote close co-operation among scientists with different professional experience from different countries. The ARW technical program comprised papers on 4 topics, : (a) Vulnerability of Wastewater and Sanitation Systems, (b) Vulnerability of Drinking Water Systems, (c) Emergency response plans, and (d) Case studies from regions affected by Drinking Water System, Wastewater and Sanitation System failures.
Author : Peter Harvey
Publisher : WEDC, Loughborough University
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781843800057
Includes statistics.
Author : Ulrich Borchers,John Gray,K Clive Thompson
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2013-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781849737890
How do we assess and manage the actual risks from water contamination? Can we learn from previous experiences? What can be done in future? This book is the proceedings of the fifth conference on this topic and addresses these issues relating to drinking water and drinking water systems. With emphasis on effectively and efficiently managing the risks and threats and sharing experiences, it provides information on successful use of leading-edge technologies and best practice both now and for the future. With contributions from leading scientists and experts in academia and industry it offers a truly international perspective on our ability to deal with water contamination emergencies. Emphasis is given to prevention, strategy and unusual emergency incident situations relating to drinking water. The book will appeal across a diverse group from public health professionals, water companies and water security experts and regulators.
Author : Ben Wisner,John Adams
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241545419
Aimed at practitioners, policymakers and researchers, this volume distills knowledge of environmental health during an emergency or disaster. It draws on results from the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction and experience with sustainable development between the two Earth Summits.
Author : Peter Mawioo
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2020-02-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000037456
Management of sludge is one of the most pressing issues in sanitation provision. The situation is especially complex when large quantities of fresh sludge containing various contaminants are generated in onsite sanitation systems in urban slums, emergency settlements and wastewater treatment facilities that require proper disposal of the sludge. The application of fast and efficient sludge management methods is important under these conditions. This study focused on the development of an innovative sludge treatment unit that is based on the microwave irradiation technology. The technology provides a rapid and efficient option for sludge treatment in isolated conditions such as slum, emergency, and similar situations. The microwave based technology forms part of the eSOS (emergency sanitation operation system) concept that promotes an integrated sanitation approach in which all components of the entire sanitation chain are planned holistically. Besides, the study addresses the deficiencies associated with the poor choice of emergency sanitation technology options by proposing a methodology that is based on compensatory multi-criteria analysis. This study contributes in providing solutions towards improved sanitation in complex scenarios, especially the management of faecal sludge in emergency and slum conditions.
Author : WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific,World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789290612162
This field manual is an updated edition of the publication 'Protocol for assessment of health facilities responding to emergencies' (1999). It provides a management tool for health professionals evaluating the preparedness of their health facilities for dealing with disasters, and it contains three main sections: a questionnaire presented in a checklist format for capacity assessment; aspects of preparedness relating to structural and non-structural vulnerability, functions and human resources; and preparedness for specific emergencies relating to industrial sectors and contamination, infectious disease outbreaks and biological, chemical and radiological emergencies.
Author : Yair Sharan,Abraham Tal,Harry Coccossis
Publisher : Springer
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2007-07-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402063053
This book reflects the outcome of a three day NATO Advanced Workshop entitled "Supply of Water to Cities in Emergency Situations." Some 35 experts from 14 countries from Europe, the Middle East and Asia assembled in Tel-Aviv for this event. It illuminates a broad spectrum of problems and concerns to the orderly water supply ranging from floods to a surprisingly low concern related to intentional terror-related threats.
Author : Amir Khorram-Manesh
Publisher : Amir Khorram-Manesh
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789163932007
We propose here a comprehensive educational program, based on the best available evidence to date drawn from recent publications intended to impart the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for the role of crisis manager. We expect this program to enhance the intercultural and interagency performance across the Disaster Management (DM) cycle. Here “Intercultural” does not refer to different nations and cultural backgrounds but rather to working cultures within diverse agencies. Since communication and information shortcomings are the most common reason for failed DM, this educational program focuses heavily on collaboration and interoperability between trained professionals involved in disaster response to ensure that they understand the need for collaboration and are aware of each other’s limitations and possibilities. The aim of programs such as this is not to re-educate people in respect to their profession/area of expertise, but rather to train them in elements specific to DM and ways in which they can apply their existing knowledge and professional expertise in the disaster context. Such multidisciplinary programs cover all disaster phases, accommodate the needs of each organization, and offer a safe environment where participants are able to learn by doing in an interactive environment--vertically within their own organization and horizontally together with other organizations--by focusing on shared training, cooperation, and intercultural understanding. Such programs bring some degree of standardization and offer a thorough evaluation of participants and the program by using evidence-based scientific methods. One important part of the program is to offer a standardized handbook in which all necessary information is gathered. This is not intended as a substitute for reference books, but it is intended to make the information accessible and easy to learn so that the information can be combined with the practical parts of the education
Author : Gregg Grunenfelder
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2003-03-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0756740606
Safe & reliable drinking water (DW) is vital to every community. Emergency response planning is an essential part of managing a DW system. Routine emergencies are manageable if the water system has an emergency response plan that can be put into action quickly. More serious non-routine emergencies may result from intentional acts of sabotage, chemical spills, floods, earthquakes, windstorms, or drought, which can drastically affect the system. This comprehensive guide for emergency response planning has been prepared by the Wash. State Dept. of Health. It includes a planning template that will help all public water systems develop an emergency response plan, which is an essential part of managing a DW system.
Author : Sarah House,Bob Reed,R. A. Reed
Publisher : WEDC, Loughborough University
Page : 19 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781843800699
These guidelines have been designed to help those involved in the assesment of emergency water sources to collect relevant information in a systematic way, to use this information to select a source or sources and to determing the appropriate level of treatment required to make the water suitable for drinking. The book is relevant to a wide range of emergency situations, including both natural and conflict-induced disasters.
Author : Fiona Zakaria
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2019-07-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000691702
The development of technology in the emergency sanitation sector has not been emphasised sufficiently considering that the management of human excreta is a basic requirement for every person. The lack of technology tailored to emergency situations complicates efforts to cater for sanitation needs in challenging humanitarian crisis. Concerns persists on the lack of faecal sludge management that considers the whole sanitation chain from containment until treatment. This study focused on the development of a smart emergency toilet termed the eSOS (emergency sanitation operation system) smart toilet to address the limitation in technical options. This toilet is based on the eSOS concept that takes into account the entire sanitation chain. This study also addresses the limited time for planning in emergencies by developing a decision support system (DSS) to help quick selection of optimal sanitation options. The aim was to enable users of the DSS to plan their emergency sanitation response within the shortest time possible. The study aims to contribute toward a better emergency sanitation response by application of technology advances.
Author : Alejandro López-Carresi,Maureen Fordham,Ben Wisner,Ilan Kelman,Jc Gaillard
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136179778
There is a perennial gap between theory and practice, between academia and active professionals in the field of disaster management. This gap means that valuable lessons are not learned and people die or suffer as a result. This book opens a dialogue between theory and practice. It offers vital lessons to practitioners from scholarship on natural hazards, disaster risk management and reduction and developments studies, opening up new insights in accessible language with practical applications. It also offers to academics the insights of the enormous experience practitioners have accumulated, highlighting gaps in research and challenging assumptions and theories against the reality of experience. Disaster Management covers issues in all phases of the disaster cycle: preparedness, prevention, response and recovery. It also addresses cross-cutting issues including political, economic and social factors that influence differential vulnerability, and key areas of practice such as vulnerability mapping, early warning, infrastructure protection, emergency management, reconstruction, health care and education, and gender issues. The team of international authors combine their years of experience in research and the field to offer vital lessons for practitioners, academics and students alike.
Author : Pantaleo Creti,Susanne Jaspars
Publisher : Oxfam
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0855985631
In emergencies, distributing cash in a targeted manner can often meet people's immediate needs more quickly and appropriately than the direct distribution of commodities such as food aid. Cash gives people choices and thereby preserves their dignity. Commodity distribution may pose logistical problems, takes time, and in the case of food aid, may disrupt local markets if food is actually available within the affected country or region. But among humanitarian agencies there are fears that cash transfers will pose security risks, create inflation, and fail to be used to meet basic needs. In this guide, the first of its kind, Oxfam staff members present the rationale behind cash-transfer programs, considering the arguments for and against cash as an alternative to commodity distribution. They also give guidance on when cash is the most appropriate intervention and how to assess this. Different types of cash intervention are compared--cash grants, vouchers, and cash-for-work--and the guide uses checklists to explain the practical steps involved in implementing them. They draw on the experience of Oxfam and other agencies of operating such programs, including responses to the devastation caused by the Indian Ocean tsunami in December 2004. The guidelines are primarily intended for NGO personnel: humanitarian program managers, food-security specialists, public-health engineers, finance staff, and logisticians. Policymakers in donor organizations and international agencies will also find them relevant. The sixteen cards contain key elements from the book to explain how to assess whether cash is the most appropriate response to any particular emergency. The cards and the paperback are also available as a set.
