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Author : David W. Barnette
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1984-03-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781470457174
Author : David Barnette
Publisher : MAA Press
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : UOM:39015015610747
Author : David Wilmot Barnette
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0883853000
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2011-08-29
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0080873391
The Four-Color Problem
Author : Robin Wilson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-12
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780691237565
On October 23, 1852, Professor Augustus De Morgan wrote a letter to a colleague, unaware that he was launching one of the most famous mathematical conundrums in history--one that would confound thousands of puzzlers for more than a century. This is the amazing story of how the "map problem" was solved. The problem posed in the letter came from a former student: What is the least possible number of colors needed to fill in any map (real or invented) so that neighboring counties are always colored differently? This deceptively simple question was of minimal interest to cartographers, who saw little need to limit how many colors they used. But the problem set off a frenzy among professional mathematicians and amateur problem solvers, among them Lewis Carroll, an astronomer, a botanist, an obsessive golfer, the Bishop of London, a man who set his watch only once a year, a California traffic cop, and a bridegroom who spent his honeymoon coloring maps. In their pursuit of the solution, mathematicians painted maps on doughnuts and horseshoes and played with patterned soccer balls and the great rhombicuboctahedron. It would be more than one hundred years (and countless colored maps) later before the result was finally established. Even then, difficult questions remained, and the intricate solution--which involved no fewer than 1,200 hours of computer time--was greeted with as much dismay as enthusiasm. Providing a clear and elegant explanation of the problem and the proof, Robin Wilson tells how a seemingly innocuous question baffled great minds and stimulated exciting mathematics with far-flung applications. This is the entertaining story of those who failed to prove, and those who ultimately did prove, that four colors do indeed suffice to color any map. This new edition features many color illustrations. It also includes a new foreword by Ian Stewart on the importance of the map problem and how it was solved.
Author : Robin J. Wilson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0691115338
On October 23, 1852, Professor Augustus De Morgan wrote a letter to a colleague, unaware that he was launching one of the most famous mathematical conundrums in history--one that would confound thousands of puzzlers for more than a century. This is the amazing story of how the "map problem" was solved. The problem posed in the letter came from a former student: What is the least possible number of colors needed to fill in any map (real or invented) so that neighboring counties are always colored differently? This deceptively simple question was of minimal interest to cartographers, who saw little need to limit how many colors they used. But the problem set off a frenzy among professional mathematicians and amateur problem solvers, among them Lewis Carroll, an astronomer, a botanist, an obsessive golfer, the Bishop of London, a man who set his watch only once a year, a California traffic cop, and a bridegroom who spent his honeymoon coloring maps. In their pursuit of the solution, mathematicians painted maps on doughnuts and horseshoes and played with patterned soccer balls and the great rhombicuboctahedron. It would be more than one hundred years (and countless colored maps) later before the result was finally established. Even then, difficult questions remained, and the intricate solution--which involved no fewer than 1,200 hours of computer time--was greeted with as much dismay as enthusiasm. Providing a clear and elegant explanation of the problem and the proof, Robin Wilson tells how a seemingly innocuous question baffled great minds and stimulated exciting mathematics with far-flung applications. This is the entertaining story of those who failed to prove, and those who ultimately did prove, that four colors do indeed suffice to color any map.
Author : Peter R. Cromwell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0521664055
Polyhedra have cropped up in many different guises throughout recorded history. In modern times, polyhedra and their symmetries have been cast in a new light by combinatorics an d group theory. This book comprehensively documents the many and varied ways that polyhedra have come to the fore throughout the development of mathematics. The author strikes a balance between covering the historical development of the theory surrounding polyhedra, and presenting a rigorous treatment of the mathematics involved. It is attractively illustrated with dozens of diagrams to illustrate ideas that might otherwise prove difficult to grasp. Historians of mathematics, as well as those more interested in the mathematics itself, will find this unique book fascinating.
Author : G. Ringel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783642657597
In 1890 P. J. Heawood [35] published a formula which he called the Map Colour Theorem. But he forgot to prove it. Therefore the world of mathematicians called it the Heawood Conjecture. In 1968 the formula was proven and therefore again called the Map Color Theorem. (This book is written in California, thus in American English. ) Beautiful combinatorial methods were developed in order to prove the formula. The proof is divided into twelve cases. In 1966 there were three of them still unsolved. In the academic year 1967/68 J. W. T. Youngs on those three cases at Santa Cruz. Sur invited me to work with him prisingly our joint effort led to the solution of all three cases. It was a year of hard work but great pleasure. Working together was extremely profitable and enjoyable. In spite of the fact that we saw each other every day, Ted wrote a letter to me, which I present here in shortened form: Santa Cruz, March 1, 1968 Dear Gerhard: Last night while I was checking our results on Cases 2, 8 and 11, and thinking of the great pleasure we had in the afternoon with the extra ordinarily elegant new solution for Case 11, it seemed to me appropriate to pause for a few minutes and dictate a historical memorandum. We began working on Case 8 on 10 October 1967, and it was settled on Tuesday night, 14 November 1967.
Author : Eric W. Weisstein
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 3253 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2002-12-12
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781420035223
Upon publication, the first edition of the CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics received overwhelming accolades for its unparalleled scope, readability, and utility. It soon took its place among the top selling books in the history of Chapman & Hall/CRC, and its popularity continues unabated. Yet also unabated has been the d
Author : Tommy R. Jensen,Bjarne Toft
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2011-10-24
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781118030745
Contains a wealth of information previously scattered in research journals, conference proceedings and technical reports. Identifies more than 200 unsolved problems. Every problem is stated in a self-contained, extremely accessible format, followed by comments on its history, related results and literature. The book will stimulate research and help avoid efforts on solving already settled problems. Each chapter concludes with a comprehensive list of references which will lead readers to original sources, important contributions and other surveys.
Author : Robert A. Nowlan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-13
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789463008938
The original title for this work was “Mathematical Literacy, What Is It and Why You Need it”. The current title reflects that there can be no real learning in any subject, unless questions of who, what, when, where, why and how are raised in the minds of the learners. The book is not a mathematical text, and there are no assigned exercises or exams. It is written for reasonably intelligent and curious individuals, both those who value mathematics, aware of its many important applications and others who have been inappropriately exposed to mathematics, leading to indifference to the subject, fear and even loathing. These feelings are all consequences of meaningless presentations, drill, rote learning and being lost as the purpose of what is being studied. Mathematics education needs a radical reform. There is more than one way to accomplish this. Here the author presents his approach of wrapping mathematical ideas in a story. To learn one first must develop an interest in a problem and the curiosity to find how masters of mathematics have solved them. What is necessary to be mathematically literate? It’s not about solving algebraic equations or even making a geometric proof. These are valuable skills but not evidence of literacy. We often seek answers but learning to ask pertinent questions is the road to mathematical literacy. Here is the good news: new mathematical ideas have a way of finding applications. This is known as “the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics.”
Author : David Gay
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-04
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780124166400
Explorations in Topology, Second Edition, provides students a rich experience with low-dimensional topology (map coloring, surfaces, and knots), enhances their geometrical and topological intuition, empowers them with new approaches to solving problems, and provides them with experiences that will help them make sense of future, more formal topology courses. The book's innovative story-line style models the problem-solving process, presents the development of concepts in a natural way, and engages students in meaningful encounters with the material. The updated end-of-chapter investigations provide opportunities to work on many open-ended, non-routine problems and, through a modified "Moore method," to make conjectures from which theorems emerge. The revised end-of-chapter notes provide historical background to the chapter's ideas, introduce standard terminology, and make connections with mainstream mathematics. The final chapter of projects provides ideas for continued research. Explorations in Topology, Second Edition, enhances upper division courses and is a valuable reference for all levels of students and researchers working in topology. Students begin to solve substantial problems from the start Ideas unfold through the context of a storyline, and students become actively involved The text models the problem-solving process, presents the development of concepts in a natural way, and helps the reader engage with the material
Author : Martin Gardner
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-10-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781470463540
Martin Gardner's Mathematical Games columns in Scientific American inspired and entertained several generations of mathematicians and scientists. Gardner in his crystal-clear prose illuminated corners of mathematics, especially recreational mathematics, that most people had no idea existed. His playful spirit and inquisitive nature invite the reader into an exploration of beautiful mathematical ideas along with him. These columns were both a revelation and a gift when he wrote them; no one--before Gardner--had written about mathematics like this. They continue to be a marvel. This volume, first published in 1966, contains columns originally published from 1959-1961. This is the 1995 MAA edition and contains an extensive postscript and bibliography from Gardner updating the columns.
Author : Rudolf Fritsch,Gerda Fritsch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781461217206
This book discusses a famous problem that helped to define the field now known as topology: What is the minimum number of colors required to print a map so that no two adjoining countries have the same color? This problem remained unsolved until the 1950s, when it was finally cracked using a computer. This book discusses the history and mathematics of the problem, as well as the philosophical debate which ensued, regarding the validity of computer generated proofs.
Author : Robert Wilson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780198510611
Robert Wilson discusses the four-colour theorem and some of the mathematics which developed out of attempts to solve it. He covers basic graph theory, Euler's polyhedral formula and the first published false solution of the four-colour problem.