Market Oriented Reform Of Foreign Trade In Planned Economies
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Author : International Monetary Fund Publisher : International Monetary Fund Page : 22 pages File Size : 42,7 Mb Release : 1990-04-01 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9781451981131
Market-Oriented Reform of Foreign Trade in Planned Economies by International Monetary Fund Pdf
This paper reviews the main features of market-oriented foreign trade reforms in planned economies. It considers reform initiatives aimed at expanding enterprise autonomy and breaking up the state monopoly of foreign trade, modifying the exchange rate system, and reforming the domestic price structure and ultimately the price system. The study emphasizes that the success of foreign trade reform, and therefore of a trade policy aimed at fundamental integration of planned economies into the world economic system, ultimately depends as well on the successful implementation of compatible reforms in the domestic economy as a whole.
Author : T. Wolf Publisher : Taylor & Francis Page : 104 pages File Size : 45,6 Mb Release : 2013-07-04 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9781136471988
Foreign Trade in the Centrally Planned Economy by T. Wolf Pdf
Analyses the main institutional and policy determinants of the foreign trade behaviour of a centrally planned economy and studies factors that affect the level and pattern of foreign trade.
The Move to the Market? by Paul Cook,Frederick Nixson Pdf
The Move to the Market? brings together recent contributions that critically review and examine the role that trade and industry policy reforms have played in the transitional economies. It relates trade and industry policy to the wider set of reforms being implemented as part of the process of moving from a predominantly centrally planned to a more market-oriented economy. The book highlights the different and complex patterns of development that are emerging between the transitional economies of Europe, Africa and Asia.
Reforming Planned Economies in an Integrating World Economy by Barry P. Bosworth,Gur Ofer Pdf
The still chaotic states of the former Soviet Union, a growing China, and the divergent nations of Eastern Europe are striving to radically transform their economies. In their quest to become more integrated with the global economy, they are making historic changes to move toward market-based, private-enterprise systems. In this book, Barry P. Bosworth and Gur Ofer provide a balanced assessment of the progress of integration among the formerly centrally planned economies. So far, the results of the reform process range from amazing success in China to economic and political disarray in the states of the former Soviet Union. The authors outline the key issues that any successful reform program must address and the sequence in which these reforms should take place. A volume of Brookings' Integrating National Economies Series
Market Forces in Planned Economies by Oleg Timofeevich Bogomolov Pdf
A collection of selected papers which furnish an authoritative analysis of the content and sequencing of decentralizing command economies and of the serious problems of inflation, employment and the foreign balance which accompany the introduction of market forces.
China at the Threshold of a Market Economy by Mr.Michael W. Bell,Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Hoe Ee Khor Pdf
This paper reviews China's experience with market-oriented reform since 1978, including domestic reforms, the opening of the economy to foreign trade and investment, and the decentralization of decision making. It identifies special conditions that may have affected China's capacity to implement reforms, assesses the impact of the reforms on the structure of the economy and on its integration into the world economy, examines the effect of the reforms on macroeconomic management and stability, and draws implications for the direction of China's future reform strategy.
Creating the Reform-resistant Dependent Economy by Arye L. Hillman,Adi Schnytzer Pdf
How the CMEA system of international trade affected enterprise incentives and inhibited market-oriented domestic reform in the Eastern European socialist economies.
Author : Richard W. T. Pomfret Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing Page : 184 pages File Size : 47,8 Mb Release : 1996 Category : Asia ISBN : UCSD:31822023686470
Asian Economies in Transition by Richard W. T. Pomfret Pdf
An evaluation of economic transitions from central planning to more market-oriented approaches in China, Indochina, Mongolia, Azerbaijan, and the Central Asian Republics. The data reflects fieldwork done from 1988 to the end of 1994, a vital factor in compiling information since official records do not necessarily reflect accurate figures in these regions. Pomfret (economics, U. of Adelaide) compares and contrasts the successes and failures of the Chinese and Vietnamese transition models, and parallels these concerns with situations in the Former Soviet Union. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
In 1986 Vietnam initiated a transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-oriented economy where the government would keep playing a leading role. These renovation (doi moi) policies were successful at generating economic growth and reducing poverty. In the ten-year socioeconomic strategy endorsed by the Ninth Party Congress in April 2001, the authorities further articulated their development objectives in terms of economic growth and poverty reduction. To reach these objectives, the government indicated that its structural reform priorities were to change Vietnam's trade and financial policies, liberalize the climate for private investment, increase the efficiency of public enterprises, and improve governance. The author argues that the pace of implementation of trade reform-which has been impressive so far-is raising new challenges. On one side, fast liberalization of trade reform may soon conflict with the slow pace of implementation of other reforms, including restructuring of state-owned enterprises and state-owned commercial banks. On the other side, Vietnam would greatly benefit from fast implementation of trade reform and particularly fast accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), especially after China's recent WTO accession. Auffret concludes that implementation of trade reform will be a testing ground to reveal the extent of Vietnam's commitment to a market-oriented economy.
The Logic of Economic Reform in China by Xiaojing Zhang,Xin Chang Pdf
This book provides a historical overview of Chinese economic reform over the past 30 years. From the genesis of the reform to the gradual improvement of the market system, and then to the re-start of the critical stage of the reform, this book includes not only research on the reform process, but also detailed descriptions of the key areas of reform since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. On this basis, the author develops six logics for Chinese economic reform. Firstly, reform is cyclical, moving between rapid advances and deadlock; this calls upon us to re-examine the common view of reform. Secondly, reform is systematic; it cannot succeed without supporting reforms in other fields. Thirdly, the relationship between reform, development and stability should be properly handled. This “trinity” is quite different from the perspective of western mainstream theory, which puts too much emphasis on efficiency. Fourthly, the success of Chinese reform was not achieved by chance. The reform practice is based on the theoretical logic, and also goes beyond the debate between progressive and radical modes. Fifthly, the Top-level Design should be combined with “crossing the river by moving from stone to stone,” i.e., the theoretical basis of reform should be combined with reform practice. Sixthly and lastly, the ongoing reform in China must be understood in the contexts of global competition and reform competition.
Author : James A. Dorn,Wang Xi,Cato Institute Publisher : University of Chicago Press Page : 414 pages File Size : 54,7 Mb Release : 1990-11-29 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 0226158314
Economic Reform in China by James A. Dorn,Wang Xi,Cato Institute Pdf
In this volume, distinguished Chinese and Western scholars provide a detailed examination of the problems associated with China's transition to a market-oriented system. A variety of reform proposals, aimed at resolving the contradictions inherent in piecemeal reform, are discussed along with the chances for future liberalization. These clearly written and insightful essays address the roots of China's crisis. The authors focus on institutional changes necessary for a spontaneous market order and point to the close relation between economic reform and political-constitutional reform. Topics include the speed and degree of the transition, whether ownership reform must precede price reform, how inflation can be avoided, steps to depoliticize economic life, how to create an environment conducive to foreign trade and investment, and how to institute basic constitutional change and open China to the outside world. The revolutionary changes now shaking the foundations of socialism and central planning in the Soviet Union and Eastern and Central Europe are sure to have an impact on China's future. Despite their seriousness, the events of Tiananmen Square may constitute only a temporary detour on the road toward a private market order. The essays in this volume help lay a rational framework for understanding China's present problems and for discussing the prospects for future reform.
Author : Thomas A. Wolf Publisher : Taylor & Francis Page : 77 pages File Size : 43,8 Mb Release : 2002-02-06 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 0415274699
Foreign Trade in the Centrally Planned Economy by Thomas A. Wolf Pdf
Analyses the main institutional and policy determinants of the foreign trade behaviour of a centrally planned economy and studies factors that affect the level and pattern of foreign trade.
Constructing a Market Economy by Richard W. T. Pomfret Pdf
Offering a cross-comparative study of the transition regimes of the countries formerly characterized by Soviet central planning, Pomfret (economics, U. of Adelaide) argues that the imposition of the Washington consensus has been a qualified success across the board. A major theme of the work is whether economists were able to accurately predict the economic behavior and results of the transition economies and whether they were able to learn from discrepancies. His analysis of this is surprisingly positive, although the arguments for the immediate benefits of mass privatization are noted to be deficient (in hindsight for Pomfret). Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Foreign direct investment in China - An analysis of the current reform status by Christian Funke Pdf
Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,7 (A-), European Business School - International University Schloß Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel (Strategic Business Management), course: Managing in the Global Economy, language: English, abstract: This paper addresses the question whether China has made enough reforms to justify significant investments and which additional reform steps are needed. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has shown tremendous Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in absolute and per capita terms of 9.3% and 8.0% per annum, respectively, over the last 25 years since market oriented reforms were started in 1978. Its GDP per capita has quadrupled over this period reaching around 1,000 US$ in 2003. The market oriented reforms in China can be divided into two stages, dubbed “reforming the system” from for the first 15 years and “replacing the system” from 1993 onwards. In the second stage a significant determinant of China’s success has been its policy of opening up the economy and attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI grew with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 26.7%, and the growth rates in the 90s have even been more staggering with FDI reaching about 50 billion US$ in 2002. This FDI growth went hand in hand with growing imports and exports, reaching over 300 billion US$ in 2003 with a CAGR of 14.7% and 15.6%, respectively. This paper aims at answering the question stated in the opening paragraph by analyzing the specific market oriented reforms which have taken place in the two stages of the Chinese reform process. The paper argues that China definitely has made enough reforms to justify the significant FDI which has been flowing into the country. However, there clearly is a need for more reforms as China becomes more and more interconnected in a globalized world economy, especially with joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. Those reforms necessary to continue the Chinese success story will be addressed by analyzing reforms needed in the areas of the financial system, the rule of law, market liberalization and the governmental bureaucracy. The whole analysis will be guided by the analytical concepts of AHRENS 2002 as well as the institutional analysis in QUIAN 1999.
Market-oriented Policies for the Development of Hainan by Charles Wolf,Rand Corporation Pdf
This report summarizes RAND research and recommendations for the strategic development planning of Hainan Island in the People's Republic of China. The recommendations are intended to assist the Hainan government in developing the economy along market-oriented lines. The emphasis is on the broad outlines of macroeconomic policies--in setting the fundamentals of fiscal, monetary, privatization, pricing, foreign exchange, and trade policies in a sound and mutually supporting direction and in drawing on the experience of the newly industrializing economies (NIEs) for relevant lessons. The authors discuss their analytic framework, which views economic reform as a systems problem; consider lessons drawn from other NIEs; review various major policy reforms, including currency, foreign exchange, and trade, and labor and capital market reforms; discuss fiscal reform, including both revenue and expenditure organizations and processes; and examine implementation issues, including feasibility, timing, and balance.