Marketing The Menacing Fetus In Japan

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Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan

Helen Hardacre
Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan Book PDF

Author : Helen Hardacre
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2023-09-01
Category : Religion
ISBN : 0520922042

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Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan by Helen Hardacre Pdf

Helen Hardacre provides new insights into the spiritual and cultural dimensions of abortion debates around the world in this careful examination of mizuko kuyo—a Japanese religious ritual for aborted fetuses. Popularized during the 1970s, when religious entrepreneurs published frightening accounts of fetal wrath and spirit attacks, mizuko kuyo offers ritual atonement for women who, sometimes decades previously, chose to have abortions. As she explores the complex issues that surround this practice, Hardacre takes into account the history of Japanese attitudes toward abortion, the development of abortion rituals, the marketing of religion, and the nature of power relations in intercourse, contraception, and abortion. Although abortion in Japan is accepted and legal and was commonly used as birth control in the early postwar period, entrepreneurs used images from fetal photography to mount a surprisingly successful tabloid campaign to promote mizuko kuyo. Enthusiastically adopted by some religionists as an economic strategy, it was soundly rejected by others on doctrinal, humanistic, and feminist grounds. In four field studies in different parts of the country, Helen Hardacre observed contemporary examples of mizuko kuyo as it is practiced in Buddhism, Shinto, and the new religions. She also analyzed historical texts and contemporary personal accounts of abortion by women and their male partners and conducted interviews with practitioners to explore how a commercialized ritual form like mizuko kuyo can be marketed through popular culture and manipulated by the same forces at work in the selling of any commodity. Her conclusions reflect upon the deep current of misogyny and sexism running through these rites and through feto-centric discourse in general.

Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan

Helen Hardacre
Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan Book PDF

Author : Helen Hardacre
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2023-09-01
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780520922044

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Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan by Helen Hardacre Pdf

Helen Hardacre provides new insights into the spiritual and cultural dimensions of abortion debates around the world in this careful examination of mizuko kuyo—a Japanese religious ritual for aborted fetuses. Popularized during the 1970s, when religious entrepreneurs published frightening accounts of fetal wrath and spirit attacks, mizuko kuyo offers ritual atonement for women who, sometimes decades previously, chose to have abortions. As she explores the complex issues that surround this practice, Hardacre takes into account the history of Japanese attitudes toward abortion, the development of abortion rituals, the marketing of religion, and the nature of power relations in intercourse, contraception, and abortion. Although abortion in Japan is accepted and legal and was commonly used as birth control in the early postwar period, entrepreneurs used images from fetal photography to mount a surprisingly successful tabloid campaign to promote mizuko kuyo. Enthusiastically adopted by some religionists as an economic strategy, it was soundly rejected by others on doctrinal, humanistic, and feminist grounds. In four field studies in different parts of the country, Helen Hardacre observed contemporary examples of mizuko kuyo as it is practiced in Buddhism, Shinto, and the new religions. She also analyzed historical texts and contemporary personal accounts of abortion by women and their male partners and conducted interviews with practitioners to explore how a commercialized ritual form like mizuko kuyo can be marketed through popular culture and manipulated by the same forces at work in the selling of any commodity. Her conclusions reflect upon the deep current of misogyny and sexism running through these rites and through feto-centric discourse in general.

Women in Japanese Religions

Barbara R Ambros
Women in Japanese Religions Book PDF

Author : Barbara R Ambros
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2015-05-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781479836512

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Women in Japanese Religions by Barbara R Ambros Pdf

A comprehensive history of women in Japanese religious traditions Scholars have widely acknowledged the persistent ambivalence with which the Japanese religious traditions treat women. Much existing scholarship depicts Japan’s religious traditions as mere means of oppression. But this view raises a question: How have ambivalent and even misogynistic religious discourses on gender still come to inspire devotion and emulation among women? In Women in Japanese Religions, Barbara R. Ambros examines the roles that women have played in the religions of Japan. An important corrective to more common male-centered narratives of Japanese religious history, this text presents a synthetic long view of Japanese religions from a distinct angle that has typically been discounted in standard survey accounts of Japanese religions. Drawing on a diverse collection of writings by and about women, Ambros argues that ambivalent religious discourses in Japan have not simply subordinated women but also given them religious resources to pursue their own interests and agendas. Comprising nine chapters organized chronologically, the book begins with the archeological evidence of fertility cults and the early shamanic ruler Himiko in prehistoric Japan and ends with an examination of the influence of feminism and demographic changes on religious practices during the “lost decades” of the post-1990 era. By viewing Japanese religious history through the eyes of women, Women in Japanese Religions presents a new narrative that offers strikingly different vistas of Japan’s pluralistic traditions than the received accounts that foreground male religious figures and male-dominated institutions.

Imagining the Fetus

Vanessa R Sasson,Jane Marie Law
Imagining the Fetus Book PDF

Author : Vanessa R Sasson,Jane Marie Law
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2009-03-26
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780195380040

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Imagining the Fetus by Vanessa R Sasson,Jane Marie Law Pdf

In contemporary Western culture, the word "fetus" introduces either a political subject or a literal, medicalized entity. Neither of these frameworks does justice to the vast array of religious literature and oral traditions from cultures around the world in which the fetus emerges as a powerful symbol or metaphor. This volume presents essays that explore the depiction of the fetus in the world's major religious traditions, finding some striking commonalities as well as intriguing differences. Among the themes that emerge is the tendency to conceive of the fetus as somehow independent of the mother's body — as in the case of the Buddha, who is described as inhabiting a palace while gestating in the womb. On the other hand, the fetus can also symbolically represent profound human needs and emotions, such as the universal experience of vulnerability. The authors note how the advent of the fetal sonogram has transformed how people everywhere imagine the unborn today, giving rise to a narrow range of decidedly literal questions about personhood, gender, and disability.

Pregnancy Outcomes of Unmarried Women in Japan (1995–2015)

Yukiko Senda
Pregnancy Outcomes of Unmarried Women in Japan 1995 2015 Book PDF

Author : Yukiko Senda
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789811635496

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Pregnancy Outcomes of Unmarried Women in Japan (1995–2015) by Yukiko Senda Pdf

This book provides a key to understanding why there was an increase in extra-marital fertility in Japan from the 1990s to the 2010s, particularly between 1995 and 2015, and the factors which contribute to the multistratification of unmarried mothers, the number of which has increased ensuingly. It also allows for international comparison by providing data on outcomes of extra-marital childbirth. Previously, it was believed that the idea of a ‘second demographic transition’ did not apply to Japan, which had a relatively low rate of extra-marital fertility. However, more recently, though still at a low level, a subtle but gradual rise is seen in the number of women who become unmarried mothers as a result of births outside marriage. This trend suggests that the social environment surrounding pregnancy, childbirth, and marriage is changing. In this book, various data such as national statistics, nationwide surveys, and media discourse are analysed with a view to revealing the factors affecting unmarried women’s decisions when they discover they are pregnant. Various matters are discussed, such as changes in sexual activity and contraceptive use, advance in reproductive technology, the law and government policies pertaining to adoption, social consciousness towards unwed mothers, the change in perception of abortion from the religious perspective, and difference of socioeconomic status depending on the women’s occupation. Facts from vital statistics are first laid out, showing that, while abortion has consistently been on the decrease from the 1990s onward, shotgun marriages have peaked out. Adoption is rare and remains very small in proportion, while extra-marital fertility is on the rise. The author then points to the possibility that greater lenience found in the social consciousness towards unwed mothers in recent years is a pull factor for the increase in extra-marital fertility. Further, by analysing vital statistics, it is revealed that the probability of becoming a mother without marrying changed with the woman’s occupation, explicable by the stability of employment and level of income, and that between 1995 and 2015, the effects of the job factor are changing. If we assume that, unlike the first demographic transition model, the ‘second demographic transition’ may show a similar direction but be on a different scale according to the country, it is possible to say that Japan too is experiencing the ‘second demographic transition’.

A Companion to Comparative Theology

Anonim
A Companion to Comparative Theology Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 655 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2022-08-22
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9789004388390

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A Companion to Comparative Theology by Anonim Pdf

This Companion to Comparative Theology offers a survey of historical developments, contemporary approaches and future directions in a field of theology that has experienced rapid growth and expansion in the past decades.

The Routledge Companion to Puppetry and Material Performance

Dassia N. Posner,Claudia Orenstein,John Bell
The Routledge Companion to Puppetry and Material Performance Book PDF

Author : Dassia N. Posner,Claudia Orenstein,John Bell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-17
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9781317911722

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The Routledge Companion to Puppetry and Material Performance by Dassia N. Posner,Claudia Orenstein,John Bell Pdf

The Routledge Companion to Puppetry and Material Performance offers a wide-ranging perspective on how scholars and artists are currently re-evaluating the theoretical, historical, and theatrical significance of performance that embraces the agency of inanimate objects. This book proposes a collaborative, responsive model for broader artistic engagement in and with the material world. Its 28 chapters aim to advance the study of the puppet not only as a theatrical object but also as a vibrant artistic and scholarly discipline. This Companion looks at puppetry and material performance from six perspectives: theoretical approaches to the puppet, perspectives from practitioners, revisiting history, negotiating tradition, material performances in contemporary theatre, and hybrid forms. Its wide range of topics, which span 15 countries over five continents, encompasses: • visual dramaturgy • theatrical juxtapositions of robots and humans • contemporary transformations of Indonesian wayang kulit • Japanese ritual body substitutes • recent European productions featuring toys, clay, and food. The book features newly commissioned essays by leading scholars such as Matthew Isaac Cohen, Kathy Foley, Jane Marie Law, Eleanor Margolies, Cody Poulton, and Jane Taylor. It also celebrates the vital link between puppetry as a discipline and as a creative practice with chapters by active practitioners, including Handspring Puppet Company’s Basil Jones, Redmoon’s Jim Lasko, and Bread and Puppet’s Peter Schumann. Fully illustrated with more than 60 images, this volume comprises the most expansive English-language collection of international puppetry scholarship to date.

About Abortion

Carol Sanger
About Abortion Book PDF

Author : Carol Sanger
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780674977303

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About Abortion by Carol Sanger Pdf

New medical technologies, women’s willingness to talk online and off, and tighter judicial reins on state legislatures are shaking up the practice of abortion. As talk becomes more transparent, Carol Sanger writes, women’s decisions about whether to become mothers will be treated more like those of other adults making significant personal choices.

Mourning the Unborn Dead

Jeff Wilson
Mourning the Unborn Dead Book PDF

Author : Jeff Wilson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2009-01-21
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780190451660

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Mourning the Unborn Dead by Jeff Wilson Pdf

Many Western visitors to Japan have been struck by the numerous cemeteries for aborted fetuses, which are characterized by throngs of images of the Bodhisattva Jizo, usually dressed in red baby aprons or other baby garments, and each dedicated to an individual fetus. Abortion is common in Japan and as a consequence one of the frequently performed rituals in Japanese Buddhism is mizuko-kuyo, a ceremony for aborted and miscarried fetuses. Over the past forty years, mizuko-kuyo has gradually come to America, where it has been appropriated by non-Buddhists as well as Buddhist practitioners. In this book, Jeff Wilson examines how and why Americans of different backgrounds have brought knowledge and performance of this Japanese ceremony to the United States. Drawing on his own extensive fieldwork in Japan and the U.S., as well as the literature in both Japanese and English, Wilson shows that the meaning and purpose of the ritual have changed greatly in the American context. In Japan, mizuko-kuyo is performed to placate the potentially dangerous spirit of the angry fetus. In America, however, it has come to be seen as a way for the mother to mourn and receive solace for her loss. Many American women who learn about mizuko-kuyo are struck by the lack of such a ceremony and see it as filling a very important need. Ceremonies are now performed even for losses that took place many years ago. Wilson's well-written study not only contributes to the growing literature on American Buddhism, but sheds light on a range of significant issues in Buddhist studies, interreligious contact, women's studies, and even bioethics.

Citizen Fetus

Alessandra Piontelli
Citizen Fetus Book PDF

Author : Alessandra Piontelli
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2023-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783031171611

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Citizen Fetus by Alessandra Piontelli Pdf

This book discusses many aspects of fetuses and motherhood from fields as wide as sociology and medicine. It examines changing perceptions of the fetus over recent decades, comparing western ideas with those of non-western countries; examining maternal mental health during COVID-19 and charting the ascent of the 'fetus' to a cult phenomenon, which has currently reappeared in the courts. This work, given its multifaceted approach, will be of interest to a varied and wide range of people, from parents to doctors and nurses, to anthropologists and ethnologists, to scientists, to students of various disciplines, to psychologists and psychoanalysts, to lawyers dealing with the topic and to a general public simply interested in these fundamental themes.

The Anthropology of the Fetus

Sallie Han,Tracy K. Betsinger,Amy B. Scott
The Anthropology of the Fetus Book PDF

Author : Sallie Han,Tracy K. Betsinger,Amy B. Scott
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2017-10-01
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781785336928

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The Anthropology of the Fetus by Sallie Han,Tracy K. Betsinger,Amy B. Scott Pdf

As a biological, cultural, and social entity, the human fetus is a multifaceted subject which calls for equally diverse perspectives to fully understand. Anthropology of the Fetus seeks to achieve this by bringing together specialists in biological anthropology, archaeology, and cultural anthropology. Contributors draw on research in prehistoric, historic, and contemporary sites in Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America to explore the biological and cultural phenomenon of the fetus, raising methodological and theoretical concerns with the ultimate goal of developing a holistic anthropology of the fetus.

The Haunting Fetus

Marc L. Moskowitz
The Haunting Fetus Book PDF

Author : Marc L. Moskowitz
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2001-05-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780824864774

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The Haunting Fetus by Marc L. Moskowitz Pdf

The Haunting Fetus focuses on the belief in modern Taiwan that an aborted fetus can return to haunt its family. Although the topic has been researched in Japan and commented on in the Taiwanese press, it has not been studied systematically in relation to Taiwan in either English or Chinese. This fascinating study looks at a range of topics pertaining to the belief in haunting fetuses, including abortion, sexuality, the changing nature of familial power structures, the economy, and traditional and modern views of the spirit world in Taiwan and in traditional Chinese thought. It addresses the mental, moral, and psychological aspects of abortion within the context of modernization processes and how these ramify through historical epistemologies and folk traditions. The author illustrates how images of fetus-ghosts are often used to manipulate women, either through fear or guilt, into paying exorbitant sums of money for appeasement. He argues at the same time, however, that although appeasement can be expensive, it provides important psychological comfort to women who have had abortions as well as a much-needed means to project personal and familial feelings of transgression onto a safely displaced object. In addition to bringing to the surface underlying tensions within a family, appeasing fetus-ghosts, like other dealings with supernatural beings in Chinese religions, allows for atonement through economic avenues. The paradox in which fetus-ghost appeasement simultaneously exploits and assists evinces the true complexity of the issue--and of religious and gender studies as a whole.

Writing Pregnancy in Low-Fertility Japan

Amanda C. Seaman
Writing Pregnancy in Low Fertility Japan Book PDF

Author : Amanda C. Seaman
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2016-12-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9780824859923

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Writing Pregnancy in Low-Fertility Japan by Amanda C. Seaman Pdf

Writing Pregnancy in Low-Fertility Japan is a wide-ranging account of how women writers have made sense (and nonsense) of pregnancy in postwar Japan. While earlier authors such as Yosano Akiko had addressed the pain and emotional complexities of childbearing in their poetry and prose, the topic quickly moved into the literary shadows when motherhood became enshrined as a duty to state and sovereign in the 1930s and ’40s. This reproductive imperative endured after World War II, spurred by a need to create a new generation of citizens and consumers for a new, peacetime nation. It was only in the 1960s, in the context of a flowering of feminist thought and activism, that more critical and nuanced appraisals of pregnancy and motherhood began to appear. In her fascinating study, Amanda C. Seaman analyzes the literary manifestations of this new critical approach, in the process introducing readers to a body of work notable for the wide range of genres employed by its authors (including horror and fantasy, short stories, novels, memoir, and manga), the many political, personal, and social concerns informing it, and the diverse creative approaches contained therein. This “pregnancy literature,” Seaman argues, serves as an important yet rarely considered forum for exploring and debating not only the particular experiences of the pregnant mother-to-be, but the broader concerns of Japanese women about their bodies, their families, their life choices, and the meaning of motherhood for individuals and for Japanese society. It will be of interest to scholars of modern Japanese literature and women’s history, as well as those concerned with gender studies, feminism, and popular culture in Japan and beyond.

Intimacy and Reproduction in Contemporary Japan

Genaro Castro-Vazquez
Intimacy and Reproduction in Contemporary Japan Book PDF

Author : Genaro Castro-Vazquez
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317265351

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Intimacy and Reproduction in Contemporary Japan by Genaro Castro-Vazquez Pdf

This book presents an ethnographic investigation of intimate and reproductive behaviour in current Japanese society, grounded in the viewpoints of a group of Japanese mothers. It adopts a new approach in studying the decreasing fertility rates which are contributing to the ageing population in modern Japan. Based on the accounts of 57 married Japanese women, it employs symbolic interactionism as a framework to examine the various factors affecting decision-making on childbirth. The influence of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs), abortion and contraception in the daily interactions and experiences of the mothers are analysed to offer a new perspective on the Japanese demographic conundrum. With strong contextual information as the foundation, the book contributes fresh insight into how Japanese women perceive the idea of childbirth in a modernized society, and also assists our understanding of the factors causing Japan’s ageing population. Further, it places the mothers’ experiences within current global debates to highlight the salience of the Japanese case. As the first book to provide an in-depth examination of the social process underpinning the decision to become a mother in Japan, it will appeal to students and scholars of Japanese culture and society, Gender Studies, and Sociology.

Pregnancy and Miscarriage in Qatar

Susie Kilshaw
Pregnancy and Miscarriage in Qatar Book PDF

Author : Susie Kilshaw
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9781838607364

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Pregnancy and Miscarriage in Qatar by Susie Kilshaw Pdf

As the bearers of the next generation in one of the richest countries in the world, the social status of Qatari women is closely linked to their ability to have children. Women are expected to reflect the cultural and religious values attached to motherhood, and not having children puts women in a potentially vulnerable position. But Qatari women must also play an essential role in reflecting the country as a centre of Arab modernity, availing themselves of the new opportunities in work, politics and public life. This book explores the changing role of women in Qatari society and analyses how Qatari women navigate the competing expectations placed upon them. Based on original interviews with pregnant women and women who have experienced miscarriage - as well as interviews with doctors, religious scholars and family members - the book reveals how socio-cultural forces shape the way miscarriage is framed and experienced. It also reveals how intimate reproductive events are deeply entangled with broader societal and political issues. In exploring the themes of reproduction, motherhood and family relationships, this unique study sheds light on the values and beliefs circulating in Qatari society and how these are mapped on to women's bodies.