Measuring Quarterly Economic Growth From Outer Space

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Measuring Quarterly Economic Growth from Outer Space

Robert C. M. Beyer,Yingyao Hu,Jiaxiong Yao
Measuring Quarterly Economic Growth from Outer Space Book PDF

Author : Robert C. M. Beyer,Yingyao Hu,Jiaxiong Yao
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 45 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2022-06-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400211553

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Measuring Quarterly Economic Growth from Outer Space by Robert C. M. Beyer,Yingyao Hu,Jiaxiong Yao Pdf

This paper presents a novel framework to estimate the elasticity between nighttime lights and quarterly economic activity. The relationship is identified by accounting for varying degrees of measurement errors in nighttime light data across countries. The estimated elasticity is 1.55 for emerging markets and developing economies, ranging from 1.36 to 1.81 across country groups and robust to different model specifications. The paper uses a light-adjusted measure of quarterly economic activity to show that higher levels of development, statistical capacity, and voice and accountability are associated with more precise national accounts data. The elasticity allows quantification of subnational economic impacts. During the COVID-19 pandemic, regions with higher levels of development and population density experienced larger declines in economic activity.

Illuminating Economic Growth

Yingyao Hu,Jiaxiong Yao
Illuminating Economic Growth Book PDF

Author : Yingyao Hu,Jiaxiong Yao
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019-04-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498302944

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Illuminating Economic Growth by Yingyao Hu,Jiaxiong Yao Pdf

This paper seeks to illuminate the uncertainty in official GDP per capita measures using auxiliary data. Using satellite-recorded nighttime lights as an additional measurement of true GDP per capita, we provide a statistical framework, in which the error in official GDP per capita may depend on the country’s statistical capacity and the relationship between nighttime lights and true GDP per capita can be nonlinear and vary with geographic location. This paper uses recently developed results for measurement error models to identify and estimate the nonlinear relationship between nighttime lights and true GDP per capita and the nonparametric distribution of errors in official GDP per capita data. We then construct more precise and robust measures of GDP per capita using nighttime lights, official national accounts data, statistical capacity, and geographic locations. We find that GDP per capita measures are less precise for middle and low income countries and nighttime lights can play a bigger role in improving such measures.

Panel Nowcasting for Countries Whose Quarterly GDPs are Unavailable

Omer Faruk Akbal,Mr. Seung M Choi,Mr. Futoshi Narita,Jiaxiong Yao
Panel Nowcasting for Countries Whose Quarterly GDPs are Unavailable Book PDF

Author : Omer Faruk Akbal,Mr. Seung M Choi,Mr. Futoshi Narita,Jiaxiong Yao
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2023-08-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400245053

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Panel Nowcasting for Countries Whose Quarterly GDPs are Unavailable by Omer Faruk Akbal,Mr. Seung M Choi,Mr. Futoshi Narita,Jiaxiong Yao Pdf

Quarterly GDP statistics facilitate timely economic assessment, but the availability of such data are limited for more than 60 developing economies, including about 20 countries in sub-Saharan Africa as well as more than two-thirds of fragile and conflict-affected states. To address this limited data availablity, this paper proposes a panel approach that utilizes a statistical relationship estimated from countries where data are available, to estimate quarterly GDP statistics for countries that do not publish such statistics by leveraging the indicators readily available for many countries. This framework demonstrates potential, especially when applied for similar country groups, and could provide valuable real-time insights into economic conditions supported by empirical evidence.

Unveiling the Informal Economy: An Augmented Factor Model Approach

Jiaxiong Yao
Unveiling the Informal Economy An Augmented Factor Model Approach Book PDF

Author : Jiaxiong Yao
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400277160

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Unveiling the Informal Economy: An Augmented Factor Model Approach by Jiaxiong Yao Pdf

This paper develops a new approach to estimating the degree of informality in an economy. It combines direct yet infrequent measures of the informal economy in micro data with an augmented factor model that links macro indicators of the informal economy to its causes. We show that the prevailing model used in the literature, the multiple indicators multiple causes model, is a special case of the augmented factor model and depicts an incomplete picture of the informal economy. Using the augmented factor model approach, we show that the dynamics of the informal economy is shaped by the strength of overall economic activity as well as the interplay between the formal and informal economies. Contrary to previous work that typically finds declining informality for most countries, we find that the degree of informality has increased for low-income countries for the past two decades.

Alternative Economic Indicators

C. James Hueng
Alternative Economic Indicators Book PDF

Author : C. James Hueng
Publisher : W.E. Upjohn Institute
Page : 133 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780880996761

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Alternative Economic Indicators by C. James Hueng Pdf

Policymakers and business practitioners are eager to gain access to reliable information on the state of the economy for timely decision making. More so now than ever. Traditional economic indicators have been criticized for delayed reporting, out-of-date methodology, and neglecting some aspects of the economy. Recent advances in economic theory, econometrics, and information technology have fueled research in building broader, more accurate, and higher-frequency economic indicators. This volume contains contributions from a group of prominent economists who address alternative economic indicators, including indicators in the financial market, indicators for business cycles, and indicators of economic uncertainty.

The Impact of the IMF’s COVID-19 Support to Developing and Emerging Economies

Sumin Chun,Karmen Naidoo,Nelson Sobrinho
The Impact of the IMF s COVID 19 Support to Developing and Emerging Economies Book PDF

Author : Sumin Chun,Karmen Naidoo,Nelson Sobrinho
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 61 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2022-12-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400229114

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The Impact of the IMF’s COVID-19 Support to Developing and Emerging Economies by Sumin Chun,Karmen Naidoo,Nelson Sobrinho Pdf

We construct a high-frequency dataset that combines information on all IMF lending and proxies of monthly economic activity during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–21). Using this novel dataset and standard econometric techniques we find a positive and significant marginal effect of IMF financing on economic activity in low-income countries (LICs) and emerging market economies. We also present tentative evidence that IMF financing may have helped economic outcomes by easing fiscal budget constraints, allowing for larger government spending in response to the pandemic. Overall, this evidence suggests that IMF financing helped lessen the negative impacts of the pandemic on economic activity, especially in LICs.

Artificial Intelligence and Green Computing

Najlae Idrissi,Abdellatif Hair,Mohamed Lazaar,Youssef Saadi,Mohammed Erritali,Said El Kafhali
Artificial Intelligence and Green Computing Book PDF

Author : Najlae Idrissi,Abdellatif Hair,Mohamed Lazaar,Youssef Saadi,Mohammed Erritali,Said El Kafhali
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2023-11-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031465840

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Artificial Intelligence and Green Computing by Najlae Idrissi,Abdellatif Hair,Mohamed Lazaar,Youssef Saadi,Mohammed Erritali,Said El Kafhali Pdf

The main objective of this book is to explore the synergy between cutting-edge AI technologies and environmentally conscious practices through collecting best selected research papers presented at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Green Computing (ICAIGC 2023), which took place from March 15 to 17, 2023, in Beni Mellal, Morocco. Within the pages of this book, readers find a wealth of research findings, survey works, and practical experiences aimed at fostering a comprehensive understanding of the pivotal role AI plays in various fields, including agriculture, health care, IT, and more. It highlights both the opportunities presented by the widespread usage of AI and the challenges associated with its continued advancement. As a result, the book has been divided into three parts: 1)- AI for multimedia processing, 2)- AI for distributed computing, and 3)- AI applications. The book serves as a comprehensive resource that brings together on-going research and practical experiences from the ICAIGC 2023 conference. It strives to deepen the understanding of the essential role AI plays in multiple fields. Whether you are an AI enthusiast, researcher, or practitioner, the insights contained within these pages expand your horizons and inspire further exploration of AI's potential in shaping a greener and more technologically advanced future.

The Backbone of History

Richard H. Steckel,Jerome C. Rose
The Backbone of History Book PDF

Author : Richard H. Steckel,Jerome C. Rose
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 662 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2002-08-26
Category : History
ISBN : 0521801672

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The Backbone of History by Richard H. Steckel,Jerome C. Rose Pdf

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Illuminating Economic Growth

Yingyao Hu,Jiaxiong Yao
Illuminating Economic Growth Book PDF

Author : Yingyao Hu,Jiaxiong Yao
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498310758

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Illuminating Economic Growth by Yingyao Hu,Jiaxiong Yao Pdf

This paper seeks to illuminate the uncertainty in official GDP per capita measures using auxiliary data. Using satellite-recorded nighttime lights as an additional measurement of true GDP per capita, we provide a statistical framework, in which the error in official GDP per capita may depend on the country’s statistical capacity and the relationship between nighttime lights and true GDP per capita can be nonlinear and vary with geographic location. This paper uses recently developed results for measurement error models to identify and estimate the nonlinear relationship between nighttime lights and true GDP per capita and the nonparametric distribution of errors in official GDP per capita data. We then construct more precise and robust measures of GDP per capita using nighttime lights, official national accounts data, statistical capacity, and geographic locations. We find that GDP per capita measures are less precise for middle and low income countries and nighttime lights can play a bigger role in improving such measures.

Empirical Macroeconomics and Statistical Uncertainty

Mateusz Pipień,Sylwia Roszkowska
Empirical Macroeconomics and Statistical Uncertainty Book PDF

Author : Mateusz Pipień,Sylwia Roszkowska
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2020-08-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000170962

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Empirical Macroeconomics and Statistical Uncertainty by Mateusz Pipień,Sylwia Roszkowska Pdf

This book addresses one of the most important research activities in empirical macroeconomics. It provides a course of advanced but intuitive methods and tools enabling the spatial and temporal disaggregation of basic macroeconomic variables and the assessment of the statistical uncertainty of the outcomes of disaggregation. The empirical analysis focuses mainly on GDP and its growth in the context of Poland. However, all of the methods discussed can be easily applied to other countries. The approach used in the book views spatial and temporal disaggregation as a special case of the estimation of missing observations (a topic on missing data analysis). The book presents an econometric course of models of Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE). The main advantage of using the SURE specification is to tackle the presented research problem so that it allows for the heterogeneity of the parameters describing relations between macroeconomic indicators. The book contains model specification, as well as descriptions of stochastic assumptions and resulting procedures of estimation and testing. The method also addresses uncertainty in the estimates produced. All of the necessary tests and assumptions are presented in detail. The results are designed to serve as a source of invaluable information making regional analyses more convenient and – more importantly – comparable. It will create a solid basis for making conclusions and recommendations concerning regional economic policy in Poland, particularly regarding the assessment of the economic situation. This is essential reading for academics, researchers, and economists with regional analysis as their field of expertise, as well as central bankers and policymakers.

Remote Sensing of Night-time Light

Christopher Elvidge,Xi Li,Yuyu zhou,Changyong Cao,Timothy A. Warner
Remote Sensing of Night time Light Book PDF

Author : Christopher Elvidge,Xi Li,Yuyu zhou,Changyong Cao,Timothy A. Warner
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2021-08-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000431070

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Remote Sensing of Night-time Light by Christopher Elvidge,Xi Li,Yuyu zhou,Changyong Cao,Timothy A. Warner Pdf

Satellite images acquired at night provide a visually arresting perspective of the Earth and the human activities that light up the otherwise mostly dark Earth. These night-time light satellite images can be compiled into a geospatial time series that represent an invaluable source of information for both the natural and social sciences. Night-time light remote sensing has been shown to be particularly useful for a range of natural science and social science applications, including studies relating to urban development, demography, sociology, fishing activity, light pollution and the consequences of civil war. Key sensors for these time-series include the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) and the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Satellite’s Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night Band (Suomi NPP/VIIRS DNB). An increasing number of alternative sources are also available, including high spatial resolution and multispectral sensors. This book captures key methodological issues associated with pre-processing night-time light data, documents state of the art analysis methods, and explores a wide range of applications. Major sections focus on NPP/VIIRS DNB processing; inter-calibration between NPP/VIIRS and DMPS/OLS; applications associated with socio-economic activities, applications in monitoring urbanization; and fishing activity monitoring. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the International Journal of Remote Sensing.

World Economic Outlook, October 2019

International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
World Economic Outlook October 2019 Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513516172

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World Economic Outlook, October 2019 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf

Global growth is forecast at 3.0 percent for 2019, its lowest level since 2008–09 and a 0.3 percentage point downgrade from the April 2019 World Economic Outlook.

Economic Growth

David Weil
Economic Growth Book PDF

Author : David Weil
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 586 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781315510446

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Economic Growth by David Weil Pdf

Why are some countries rich and others poor? David N. Weil, one of the top researchers in economic growth, introduces students to the latest theoretical tools, data, and insights underlying this pivotal question. By showing how empirical data relate to new and old theoretical ideas, Economic Growth provides students with a complete introduction to the discipline and the latest research. With its comprehensive and flexible organization, Economic Growth is ideal for a wide array of courses, including undergraduate and graduate courses in economic growth, economic development, macro theory, applied econometrics, and development studies.

MECHANISM MINING OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

Dong Qiu
MECHANISM MINING OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON Book PDF

Author : Dong Qiu
Publisher : American Academic Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2023-01-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781631815959

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MECHANISM MINING OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON by Dong Qiu Pdf

The comparison between international purchasing power and real GDP is very important to the judgment of national power and is the main content of national economic statistics. Although the ICP has experienced more than 50 years, its methodological research should continue. This book gives the research pattern, namely "ICP logic diagram", and puts forward more than 50 methodological issues to be considered. The "pure price ratio assumption" and "equal price ratio assumption" and their impact on the ICP data results are analyzed. It also reviews the important literatures on the recent ICP, especially pointing out that the ICP data results have the measurement risk of "anti-basic facts". This book traces back to "Ryten Report" and explores the principles of spatial economic comparison and the corresponding basic concepts of economics.

Regional Economic Outlook, April 2017, Sub-Saharan Africa

Céline Allard
Regional Economic Outlook April 2017 Sub Saharan Africa Book PDF

Author : Céline Allard
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2017-05-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475574937

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Regional Economic Outlook, April 2017, Sub-Saharan Africa by Céline Allard Pdf

Growth momentum in sub-Saharan Africa remains fragile, marking a break from the rapid expansion witnessed since the turn of the millennium. 2016 was a difficult year for many countries, with regional growth dipping to 1.4 percent—the lowest level of growth in more than two decades. Most oil exporters were in recession, and conditions in other resource-intensive countries remained difficult. Other nonresource-intensive countries however, continued to grow robustly. A modest recovery in growth of about 2.6 percent is expected in 2017, but this falls short of past trends and is too low to put sub-Saharan Africa back on a path of rising living standards. While sub-Saharan Africa remains a region with tremendous growth potential, the deterioration in the overall outlook partly reflects insufficient policy adjustment. In that context, and to reap this potential, strong and sound domestic policy measures are needed to restart the growth engine.