Measuring The Impacts Of Federal Investments In Research

Author : The National Academies,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Committee on Measuring Economic and Other Returns on Federal Research Investments
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2011-10-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309217484

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Measuring the Impacts of Federal Investments in Research by The National Academies,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Committee on Measuring Economic and Other Returns on Federal Research Investments Pdf

The enactment of the America COMPETES Act in 2006 (and its reauthorization in 2010), the increase in research expenditures under the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), and President Obama's general emphasis on the contribution of science and technology to economic growth have all heightened interest in the role of scientific and engineering research in creating jobs, generating innovative technologies, spawning new industries, improving health, and producing other economic and societal benefits. Along with this interest has come a renewed emphasis on a question that has been asked for decades: Can the impacts and practical benefits of research to society be measured either quantitatively or qualitatively? On April 18-19, 2011, the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) and the Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy (COSEPUP) of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine, held a workshop to examine this question. The workshop sought to assemble the range of work that has been done in measuring research outcomes and to provide a forum to discuss its method. The workshop was motivated by a 2009 letter from Congressman Rush Holt (D-New Jersey). He asked the National Academies to look into a variety of complex and interconnected issues, such as the short-term and long-term economic and non-economic impact of federal research funding, factors that determine whether federally funded research discoveries result in economic benefits, and quantification of the impacts of research on national security, the environment, health, education, public welfare, and decision making. Measuring the Impacts of Federal Investments in Research provides the key observations and suggestions made by the speakers at the workshop and during the discussions that followed the formal presentations.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Federal aid to research
ISBN : STANFORD:36105112120246

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Research Funding as an Investment--can We Measure the Returns? by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Research and Development Statistics at the National Science Foundation
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2004-12-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309093200

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Measuring Research and Development Expenditures in the U.S. Economy by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Research and Development Statistics at the National Science Foundation Pdf

This report examines the portfolio of research and development (R&D) expenditure surveys at the National Science Foundation (NSF), identifying gaps and weaknesses and areas of missing coverage. The report takes an in-depth look at the definition of R&D, the needs and potential uses of NSF's R&D data by a variety of users, the goals of an integrated system of surveys and other data collection activities, and the quality of the data collected in the existing Science Resources Statistics surveys.

Author : Kevin M. Murphy,Robert H. Topel
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2010-04-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780226551791

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Measuring the Gains from Medical Research by Kevin M. Murphy,Robert H. Topel Pdf

In 1998, health expenditures in the United States accounted for 12.9% of national income-the highest share of income devoted to health in the developed world. The United States also spends more on medical research than any other country-in 2000, the federal government dedicated $18.4 billion to it, compared with only $3.7 billion for the entire European Union. In this book, leading health economists ask whether we are getting our money's worth. From an economic perspective, they find, the answer is a resounding "yes": in fact, considering the extraordinary value of improvements to health, we may even be spending too little on medical research. The evidence these papers present and the conclusions they reach are both surprising and convincing: that growth in longevity since 1950 has been as valuable as growth in all other forms of consumption combined; that medical advances producing 10% reductions in mortality from cancer and heart disease alone would add roughly $10 trillion-a year's GDP-to the national wealth; or that the average new drug approved by the FDA yields benefits worth many times its cost of development. The papers in this book are packed with these and many other surprising revelations, their sophisticated analysis persuasively demonstrating the massive economic benefits we can gain from investments in medical research. For anyone concerned about the cost and the value of such research-from policy makers to health care professionals and economists-this will be a landmark book.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Bibliometrics
ISBN : UCR:31210024827162

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Research Funding as an Investment--can We Measure the Returns? by Anonim Pdf

Author : Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,National Academy of Sciences,National Academy of Engineering,Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1999-02-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309517980

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Evaluating Federal Research Programs by Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,National Academy of Sciences,National Academy of Engineering,Institute of Medicine Pdf

The Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), passed by Congress in 1993, requires that federal agencies write five-year strategic plans with annual performance goals and produce an annual report that demonstrates whether the goals have been met. The first performance reports are due in March 2000. Measuring the performance of basic research is particularly challenging because major breakthroughs can be unpredictable and difficult to assess in the short term. This book recommends that federal agencies use an "expert review" method to examine the quality of research they support, the relevance of that research to their mission, and whether the research is at the international forefront of scientific and technological knowledge. It also addresses the issues of matching evaluation measurements to the character of the research performed, improving coordination among agencies when research is in the same field, and including a human resource development component in GPRA strategic and performance plans.

Author : Edward Alden,Rebecca Strauss
Publisher : Council on Foreign Relations Press
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2016-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780876096628

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How America Stacks Up by Edward Alden,Rebecca Strauss Pdf

American leadership in the world is built on the foundation of its economic strength. Yet the United States faces enormous economic competition abroad and threats to its economy at home. In How America Stacks Up: Economic Competitiveness and U.S. Policy, Edward Alden, Bernard L. Schwartz senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and director of the Renewing America initiative, and Rebecca Strauss, associate director of Renewing America, focus on those areas of economic policy that are the most important for reinforcing America’s competitive strengths. Covering education, transportation, trade and investment, corporate tax, worker retraining, regulation, debt and deficits, and innovation, How America Stacks Up shows how, in a highly competitive global economy, these seemingly domestic issues are all crucial to U.S. success in the global economy. The line between domestic economic policy and foreign economic policy is now almost invisible, and getting these policies right matters for more than just U.S. living standards. The United States’ ability to influence world events rests on a robust, competitive economy. But without further investment in education, infrastructure, and innovation, Alden and Strauss show, the United States runs the risk of endangering its greatest competitive advantage. Through insightful analysis and engaging graphics, How America Stacks Up outlines the challenges faced by the United States and prescribes solutions that will ensure a healthy, competitive U.S. economy for years to come.

Author : Melissa Burman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Government spending policy
ISBN : NWU:35556028270643

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The Economic Effects of Federal Spending on Infrastructure and Other Investments by Melissa Burman Pdf

Written in response to a request from the Senate Committee on the Budget, this paper reviews the available data on the economic value of federal investments in infrastructure, education and training, and R&D. It focuses on the empirical evidence produced since July 1991, when CBO last analyzed the issue in the study "How federal spending for infrastructure and other public investments affects the economy."

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Higher Education and Workforce,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Federal Research Regulations and Reporting Requirements: A New Framework for Research Universities in the 21st Century
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309379519

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Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Higher Education and Workforce,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Federal Research Regulations and Reporting Requirements: A New Framework for Research Universities in the 21st Century Pdf

Research universities are critical contributors to our national research enterprise. They are the principal source of a world-class labor force and fundamental discoveries that enhance our lives and the lives of others around the world. These institutions help to create an educated citizenry capable of making informed and crucial choices as participants in a democratic society. However many are concerned that the unintended cumulative effect of federal regulations undercuts the productivity of the research enterprise and diminishes the return on the federal investment in research. Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research reviews the regulatory framework as it currently exists, considers specific regulations that have placed undue and often unanticipated burdens on the research enterprise, and reassesses the process by which these regulations are created, reviewed, and retired. This review is critical to strengthen the partnership between the federal government and research institutions, to maximize the creation of new knowledge and products, to provide for the effective training and education of the next generation of scholars and workers, and to optimize the return on the federal investment in research for the benefit of the American people.

Author : Albert N. Link,Zachary T. Oliver
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781788976565

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Technology Transfer and US Public Sector Innovation by Albert N. Link,Zachary T. Oliver Pdf

Technology Transfer and US Public Sector Innovation provides an overview of US technology policies that are the genesis for observed technology transfer activities. By describing the technology transfer process from US federal laboratories and other public sector organizations, this exploration informs the reader in detail of how the transfer process behaves and the social benefits associated with it.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264239012

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The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities Frascati Manual 2015 Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development by OECD Pdf

The internationally recognised methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the OECD's Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians and science and innovation policy makers worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications ...

Author : Robert D. Lee Jr.,Ronald W. Johnson,Philip G. Joyce
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Learning
Page : 577 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781284198980

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Public Budgeting Systems by Robert D. Lee Jr.,Ronald W. Johnson,Philip G. Joyce Pdf

Public Budgeting Systems, Tenth Edition is the most comprehensive and balanced treatment of the current state of budgeting throughout all levels of the United States government. Current and prospective public managers, accordingly, often succeed or fail in their careers based in large part on whether they are intelligent consumers of financial data and have an adequate understanding of the budget process. By providing a detailed overview of all budgeting and financial management, the book enables students to gain an appropriate understanding of a complex topic.

Author : Davide Consoli,Andrea Mina,Richard R. Nelson,Ronnie Ramlogan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-10-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317507222

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Medical Innovation by Davide Consoli,Andrea Mina,Richard R. Nelson,Ronnie Ramlogan Pdf

This book brings together a collection of empirical case studies featuring a wide spectrum of medical innovation. While there is no unique pathway to successful medical innovation, recurring and distinctive features can be observed across different areas of clinical practice. This book examines why medical practice develops so unevenly across and within areas of disease, and how this relates to the underlying conditions of innovation across areas of practice. The contributions contained in this volume adopt a dynamic perspective on medical innovation based on the notion that scientific understanding, technology and clinical practice co-evolve along the co-ordinated search for solutions to medical problems. The chapters follow an historical approach to emphasise that the advancement of medical know-how is a contested, nuanced process, and that it involves a variety of knowledge bases whose evolutionary paths are rooted in the contexts in which they emerge. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners concerned with medical innovation, management studies and the economics of innovation. Chapter 5 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at www.tandfebooks.com/openaccess. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Health
ISBN : 0662418786

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Developing a CIHR Framework to Measure the Impact of Health Research by Anonim Pdf

The Kirby Commission and the Romanow Commission both recognized the value of health research in terms of health benefits, with the latter also pointing to the economic spin-off to the national economy as a result of health research.3,4 Recent policy developments have highlighted the importance of demonstrating the value of investments in research and innovation.ii Government initiatives and docume [...] A small group from the Canadian academic community and senior levels of the federal government were invited to attend a meeting in February, 2005 to review the state of knowledge about ROI in health research and to provide advice on the development of a conceptual framework to measure ROI. [...] International Panel Discussion The purpose of the international panel was to review evaluation activities of funding agencies in the UK, Australia and Canada and to gain insight about the challenges in moving from performance evaluation to measuring the impact of research investment on a national level. [...] In response to the review the Australian government doubled the NHMRC budget over the next five years and specified that there should be 'significant improvements in the quality and effectiveness of health and medical research, and measurable benefits to the health and wealth of Australia.' The NHMRC developed a performance measurement framework in order to demonstrate the positive results of its [...] Page 8 Framework to Measure the Impact of Health Research September, 2005 Academic Presentations The purpose of the academic presentations was to assist in understanding current approaches to measuring the impact of health research funding.

Author : Kaye Husbands Fealing,Julia I. Lane,John L. King,Stanley R. Johnson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1316612414

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Measuring the Economic Value of Research by Kaye Husbands Fealing,Julia I. Lane,John L. King,Stanley R. Johnson Pdf

The scientific advances that underpin economic growth and human health would not be possible without research investments. Yet demonstrating the impact of research programs is a challenge, especially in areas that span disciplines, industrial sectors, and encompass both public and private sector activity. All areas of research are under pressure to demonstrate benefits from federal funding of research. This exciting and innovative study demonstrates new methods and tools to trace the impact of federal research funding on the structure of research, and the subsequent economic activities of funded researchers. The case study is food safety research, which is critical to avoiding outbreaks of disease. The authors make use of an extraordinary new data infrastructure and apply new techniques in text analysis. Focusing on the impact of US federal food safety research, this book develops vital data-intensive methodologies that have a real world application to many other scientific fields.