Measuring The Marginal Social Cost Of Transport

Author : Christopher Nash,Bryan Matthews
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2005-10-20
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 0080456030

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Measuring the Marginal Social Cost of Transport by Christopher Nash,Bryan Matthews Pdf

Many transport economists have for some time proposed marginal social cost as the principle on which prices in the transport sector should be based and, in recent years, their prescription has come to be taken more and more seriously by policy-makers. However, in order to properly test the possible implications of implementing pricing based on marginal social cost and, ultimately, to introduce such a system, it is necessary to actually measure the marginal social costs concerned, and how they vary according to mode, time and context. This book reviews the transport pricing policy debate and reports on the significant advances made in measuring the marginal social costs of transport, particularly through UNITE and other European research projects. We look in turn at infrastructure, operating costs, user costs (both of congestion and of charges in frequency of scheduled transport services) accidents and environmental costs, and how these estimates have been used to examine the impact of marginal cost pricing in transport. We finish by examining how the results of case studies might be generalised to obtain estimates of marginal social costs for all circumstances and, finally, presenting our conclusions.

Author : David L. Greene,Donald W. Jones,Mark A. Delucchi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642590641

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The Full Costs and Benefits of Transportation by David L. Greene,Donald W. Jones,Mark A. Delucchi Pdf

Modern transportation systems have far-reaching, and serious consequences: deaths and injuries from accidents, pollution of air, water and groundwater, noise congestion, and the greenhouse effect. As world transport systems expand and become increasingly motorised, the transportation community is searching for systems that are both efficient and sustainable. Here, leading international researchers explore the issues and concepts and define the state of knowledge concerning the full costs and benefits of transportation.

Author : European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Publisher : ECMT
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105016347002

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Internalising the Social Costs of Transport by European Conference of Ministers of Transport Pdf

Soziale Kosten / externe Kosten.

Author : Kenneth A. Small,Erik T. Verhoef
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2007-10-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134495719

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The Economics of Urban Transportation by Kenneth A. Small,Erik T. Verhoef Pdf

This timely new edition of Kenneth A. Small’s seminal textbook Urban Transportation Economics, co-authored with Erik T. Verhoef, has been fully updated, covering new areas such as parking policies, reliability of travel times, and the privatization of transportation services, as well as updated treatments of congestion modelling, environmental costs, and transit subsidies. Rigorous in approach and making use of real-world data and econometric techniques, it contains case studies from a range of countries including congestion charging in Norway, Singapore and the UK, light rail in the Netherlands and freeway tolls in the US. Small and Verhoef cover all basic topics needed for any application of economics to transportation: forecasting the demand for transportation services under alternative policies measuring all the costs including those incurred by users setting prices under practical constraints choosing and evaluating investments in basic facilities designing ways in which the private and public sectors interact to provide services. This book will be of great interest to students with basic calculus and some knowledge of economic theory who are engaged with transportation economics, planning and, or engineering, travel demand analysis, and many related fields. It will also be essential reading for researchers in any aspect of urban transportation.

Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for Study of Public Policy for Surface Freight Transportation,Transportation Research Board
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0309062179

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Paying Our Way by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for Study of Public Policy for Surface Freight Transportation,Transportation Research Board Pdf

Provides a preliminary examination of whether shippers of domestic surface freight pay the full social costs of the services that they use. This study is intended not to provide definitive answers as to whether shippers pay their full social costs, but rather to determine the feasibility of making such estimates.

Author : Dieter Schmidtchen
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2010-01-01
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9781849803519

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Transport, Welfare and Externalities by Dieter Schmidtchen Pdf

As a lawyer who has for many years been working on the interface between law and economics, I have observed with impatience the increasing divergence between academic economics and governmental policy-making. Too often economists are too obsessed with the mathematical modelling of their ideas and insufficiently concerned with the applications. This book constitutes a major and refreshing exception to that trend. Dieter Schmidtchen and his colleagues at Saarbrücken have addressed some issues of European transport policy by re-examining the fundamental ideas on which current analysis appears to be based and finding them wanting because they take too narrow a view on the options available. From the foreword by Anthony Ogus, University of Manchester, UK An excellent and comprehensive book of both theory and application for the Cheapest Cost Avoider principle (CCAP), being better for the society s welfare than the commonly applied Polluters Pay Principle for dealing with transport external impacts. It is easily readable although scientifically rigorous with useful examples. The relation to the European Transport Policy is quite valuable. The book deserves a prominent place in the literature of applied transport economics, and I highly recommend it for students following these disciplines. Dimitrios A. Tsamboulas, National Technical University of Athens, Greece This book discusses for the first time the relevance of the economic analysis of law for transport policy. The difference between applying the polluter-pays-principle and Calabresi s notion of the cheapest cost avoider are clearly explained and distributional consequences are also considered. Moreover, in addition to a brilliant economic analysis, the book also discusses important cases and the consequences of their analysis for European transport policy. It is a must-read for anyone interested either in law and economics generally or transport policy in particular. Michael Faure, Maastricht University and Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands This book discusses a paradigm shift for dealing with the internalization of external costs in transport. Crucial to the analysis is the insight that the polluters are not the only cost drivers; both pollutees and the state can also contribute to reducing social costs. The authors show that applying the Cheapest Cost Avoider Principle (CCAP) instead of the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) can lead to substantial welfare improvements. This book develops the foundations for the CCAP, which is shown to be superior to the PPP, both methodologically and practically, in identifying the most appropriate policy for dealing with external effects in transport. The PPP neglects the fact that external costs are jointly caused by all involved parties and that the externality problem is of a reciprocal nature: to avoid harm to a pollutee necessarily inflicts harm on the polluter. The real problem for welfare maximization addressed by the CCAP is to avoid the most serious harm. The CCAP guarantees efficiency, fair competition and equity. Its use of some form of cost benefit analysis also helps to avoid regulatory failure. The CCAP incorporates polluter pays as one possible outcome; however, this is not a foregone conclusion. Two case studies showing that the methodology of the CCAP can be applied in practice and a critical assessment of the European greening transport policy complete this volume. Discussing the relevance of the economic analysis of law for transport policy, this book will appeal to academics in the fields of law and economics, environmental policy and regulatory impact assessment, and European transport policy. Policymakers and civil servants concerned with transport policy, environmental policy and regulatory impact assessment will also find this book valuable.

Author : Erik Verhoef,Michiel C.J. Bliemer,Linda Steg,Bert van Wee
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9781848440258

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Pricing in Road Transport by Erik Verhoef,Michiel C.J. Bliemer,Linda Steg,Bert van Wee Pdf

. . . the book provides ample evidence of the various and often complex issues that arise in road pricing policies. New research is presented on topics mostly neglected in the past (such as the role of firms in rod pricing, or new insights from dynamic network models). Tilmann Rave, Journal of Regional Science Transport pricing is high on the political agenda throughout the world, but as the authors illustrate, governments seeking to implement this often face challenging questions and significant barriers. The associated policy and research questions cannot always be addressed adequately from a mono-disciplinary perspective. This book shows how a multi-disciplinary approach may lead to new types of analysis and insights, contributing to a better understanding of the intricacies of transport pricing and eventually to a potentially more effective and acceptable design of such policies. The study addresses important policy and research themes such as the possible motives for introducing road transport pricing and potential conflicts between these motives, behavioural responses to transport pricing for households and firms, the modelling of transport pricing, and the acceptability of pricing. Studying road transport pricing from a multi-disciplinary perspective, this book will be of great interest to transport policymakers and advisors, transport academics and consultants and students in transport studies.

Author : Herman G. Tak,Herman G. van der Tak,Anandarup Ray
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015040296215

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The Economic Benefits of Road Transport Projects by Herman G. Tak,Herman G. van der Tak,Anandarup Ray Pdf

The economic evaluation of a project in any sector entails the measurement and comparison of cost and benefit streams expected from alternative investments. This paper presents an exposition of the social surplus method of measuring benefits. The exposition is intended to shed light on the nature of benefits to be expected from road transport projects, both with and without various types of market imperfections, and in particular, to show how these benefits relate to changes in the supply and demand of transported commodities. Thus one purpose of the paper is purely expository; to record the economic mechanics behind the social surplus method of benefit evaluation as applied to road projects. In the following chapters, the paper presents a method of measuring benefits which takes traffic responses into account, discusses the factors underlying their relative importance, relates the benefits to associated changes in the production and consumption of the transported commodity, and interprets the impact of market imperfections on benefit measurement.

Author : Chris Nash
Publisher : MacMillan
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015023320263

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Public Versus Private Transport by Chris Nash Pdf

Author : European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Publisher : Paris, France : European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015053510437

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Assessing the Benefits of Transport by European Conference of Ministers of Transport Pdf

This book discusses the full economic benefits - and costs - of transport infrastructure and explores ways to make good estimates of the full impact of planned investments on regional and national economies. It argues for proper account to be taken of all relevant economic weaknesses -- those the project is designed to address such as local monopoly pricing, those associated with use of the infrastructure such as environmental externalities, and possible unintended consequences such as impacts on local labour markets. Care must also be taken to verify that net benefits are likely to accrue to those that the project was intended to benefit. Building on recent groundbreaking work in the United Kingdom this publication suggests ways to improve traditional cost-benefit assessments, overcoming reservations that have inhibited the use of CBA in many countries. The main report is completed with examinations of transport project assessment approaches in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and across Europe together with a discussion of an approach to determining optimal levels of investment in transport infrastructure for maximising socio-economic welfare.

Author : Antonio Di Pietro,José Martí
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2024-02-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781837681075

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Critical Infrastructure by Antonio Di Pietro,José Martí Pdf

Modern critical infrastructures (CIs) (e.g., electricity, water, transportation, telecommunications, and others) form complex systems with a high degree of interdependencies from one CI to the others. Natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, floods, droughts, landslides, and wildfires), humanmade disasters (e.g., sabotage and terrorism), and system faults (due to structural and equipment failures) will affect not only the directly impacted CI but all interdependent CIs. Risk assessment, therefore, has to be done over the entire system of CIs and should also include the social and personal impacts. According to a 2022 report, 80% of cities have been affected by significant climate change hazards represented by extreme heat (46%), heavy rainfall (36%), drought (35%), and floods (33%). The impacts of climate change, therefore, affect the complex system of the built environment and result in interrelated consequences at different scales ranging from single buildings to urban spaces and territorial infrastructures. Since it is not possible to reduce the severity of natural hazards, the main opportunity for lowering risk lies in reducing vulnerability and exposure. Vulnerability and exposure are related to urban development choices and practices that weaken the system’s robustness. This volume reviews recent insights from risk identification and reduction to preparedness and financial protection strategies and proposes new approaches for better CIs and built environment protection.

Author : Alan Abouchar
Publisher : New York ; Toronto : Wiley
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1977-05-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105036837883

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Transportation Economics and Public Policy by Alan Abouchar Pdf

Author : Scott Dennis,Wayne K Talley
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2007-07-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0080548938

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Railroad Economics by Scott Dennis,Wayne K Talley Pdf

Research in Transportation Economics is now available online at ScienceDirect — full-text online of volumes 6 onwards. Elsevier book series on ScienceDirect gives multiple users throughout an institution simultaneous online access to an important compliment to primary research. Digital delivery ensures users reliable, 24-hour access to the latest peer-reviewed content. The Elsevier book series are compiled and written by the most highly regarded authors in their fields and are selected from across the globe using Elsevier’s extensive researcher network. For more information about the Elsevier Book Series on ScienceDirect Program, please visit: http://www.info.sciencedirect.com/bookseries/

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Congestion pricing
ISBN : 9780309093750

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International Perspectives on Road Pricing by Anonim Pdf

TRB Conference Proceedings 34: International Perspectives on Road Pricing is the proceedings of the International Symposium on Road Pricing held on November 19-22, 2003, in Key Biscayne, Florida. The event was a collaborative effort of TRB, the Florida Department of Transportation, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the federal Highway Administration. The report includes two commissioned resource papers that examine the evolution of congestion pricing and the state of the practice in road pricing outside the United States. The proceedings also explore pricing successes and the challenges that have accompanied specific projects' implementation, as well as the potential evolution of road pricing in the future.

Author : Matthew Humphreys
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2010-11-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136876202

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Sustainability in European Transport Policy by Matthew Humphreys Pdf

This book sets out a critical analysis of the body of law and policy initiatives that constitute the EU's common transport policy. The development of the transport policy is charted through amending and founding Treaties as well as non-legislative documents. The book uses a model of sustainability as the basis for the analysis as the criteria for sustainable development were set out under Article 11 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. However, sustainable development, when taken in the context of transport is difficult to reconcile with unbridled economic growth and uncheck.