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Author : Stephen Childress
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1981-07-31
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0521280710
Provides a summary of the fluid dynamics of the locomotion of living organisms. Describes biological phenomena in detail from the swimming of bacteria and fish to the flying of insects and birds.
Author : Akira Azuma
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9784431682103
From a mechanical perspective, an animal's shape and the topological connection of its organs are important factors in locomotion. This book describes the physical relationships between form, habitat, way of life, and movement in living creatures. It includes in-depth mechanical and mathematical analyses of the way in which creatures move about, and it also investigates dispersal modes of plants and animals within the framework of flying and swimming. The book is written from the viewpoint of mechanics, specifically fluid dynamics and flight dynamics, rather than from that of physiology and ecology. It will prove a useful reference for aeronautical and mechanical engineers as well as for biologists who use mechanical analyses in the study of behaviour, function, and locomotion.
Author : N. Kato,J. Ayers,H. Morikawa
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9784431539513
Tens of thousands of different animal species live on this planet, having survived for millions of years through adaptation and evolution, which has given them a vast variety of structures and functions. Biomechanical studies of animals swimming and flying can aid understanding of the mechanisms that enable them to move effectively and efficiently in fluids . Based on such understandings and analyses, we can aim to develop environmentally friendly machines that emulate these natu ral movements. The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 agreed major treaties on biological diversity, addressing the comb ined issues of environmental protection and fair and equitable economic development. With regard to coastal environments, increasing biological diversity has begun to play an important role in reestablishing stable and sustainable ecosystems. This approach has begun to influence research into the behavior of aquatic species, as an understanding of the history of an individual aquatic species is indispensable in constructing an environmental assessment mod el that includes the physical, chemical, and biological effects of that species . From an engineering viewpoint, studying nature's biological diversity is an opportunity to reconsider mechanical systems that were systematically constructed in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. We have been accumulating knowledge of the sys tems inherent in biological creatures and using that knowledge to create new, envi ronmentally friendly technologies.
Author : Wei Shyy,Hikaru Aono,Chang-kwon Kang,Hao Liu
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2013-08-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107037267
For anyone interested in the aerodynamics, structural dynamics and flight dynamics of small birds, bats, insects and air vehicles (MAVs).
Author : Y.C. Fung
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781441968562
Biomechanics aims to explain the mechanics oflife and living. From molecules to organisms, everything must obey the laws of mechanics. Clarification of mechanics clarifies many things. Biomechanics helps us to appreciate life. It sensitizes us to observe nature. It is a tool for design and invention of devices to improve the quality of life. It is a useful tool, a simple tool, a valuable tool, an unavoidable tool. It is a necessary part of biology and engineering. The method of biomechanics is the method of engineering, which consists of observation, experimentation, theorization, validation, and application. To understand any object, we must know its geometry and materials of construc tion, the mechanical properties of the materials involved, the governing natural laws, the mathematical formulation of specific problems and their solutions, and the results of validation. Once understood, one goes on to develop applications. In my plan to present an outline of biomechanics, I followed the engineering approach and used three volumes. In the first volume, Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, the geometrical struc ture and the rheological properties of various materials, tissues, and organs are presented. In the second volume, Biodynamics: Circulation, the physiology of blood circulation is analyzed by the engineering method.
Author : Robert Dudley
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2018-06-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691186344
From the rain forests of Borneo to the tenements of Manhattan, winged insects are a conspicuous and abundant feature of life on earth. Here, Robert Dudley presents the first comprehensive explanation of how insects fly. The author relates the biomechanics of flight to insect ecology and evolution in a major new work of synthesis. The book begins with an overview of insect flight biomechanics. Dudley explains insect morphology, wing motions, aerodynamics, flight energetics, and flight metabolism within a modern phylogenetic setting. Drawing on biomechanical principles, he describes and evaluates flight behavior and the limits to flight performance. The author then takes the next step by developing evolutionary explanations of insect flight. He analyzes the origins of flight in insects, the roles of natural and sexual selection in determining how insects fly, and the relationship between flight and insect size, pollination, predation, dispersal, and migration. Dudley ranges widely--from basic aerodynamics to muscle physiology and swarming behavior--but his focus is the explanation of functional design from evolutionary and ecological perspectives. The importance of flight in the lives of insects has long been recognized but never systematically evaluated. This book addresses that shortcoming. Robert Dudley provides an introduction to insect flight that will be welcomed by students and researchers in biomechanics, entomology, evolution, ecology, and behavior.
Author : Stephen Childress,Anette Hosoi,William W. Schultz,Jane Wang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-08-14
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781461439974
This volume developed from a Workshop on Natural Locomotion in Fluids and on Surfaces: Swimming, Flying, and Sliding which was held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) at the University of Minnesota, from June 1-5, 2010. The subject matter ranged widely from observational data to theoretical mechanics, and reflected the broad scope of the workshop. In both the prepared presentations and in the informal discussions, the workshop engaged exchanges across disciplines and invited a lively interaction between modelers and observers. The articles in this volume were invited and fully refereed. They provide a representative if necessarily incomplete account of the field of natural locomotion during a period of rapid growth and expansion. The papers presented at the workshop, and the contributions to the present volume, can be roughly divided into those pertaining to swimming on the scale of marine organisms, swimming of microorganisms at low Reynolds numbers, animal flight, and sliding and other related examples of locomotion.
Author : Interunion Commission on Comparative Physiology
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 574 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1987-07-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0387965157
This volume examines the extent to which the design and function of terrestrial and aquatic animals are determined by the physicochemical properties of the media in which they live. The topic is addressed from the viewpoint of scientists representing a variety of disciplines and approaches. Anatomists, biochemists, biophysicists, physiologists and zoologists each contribute their perspectives. The general topics examined include: respiration; acid base balance; osmoregulation; water and ionic exchanges; nutrient acquisition and absorption; nitrogen and sulfur metabolism; locomotion; sensory information and behaviour; energy metabolism; and temperature and evolution. Four or five papers deal with each of these general topics.
Author : C.J. Pennycuick
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2008-08-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080557813
This book outlines the principles of flight, of birds in particular. It describes a way of simplifying the mechanics of flight into a practical computer program, which will predict in some detail what any bird, real or hypothetical, can and cannot do. The Flight program, presented on the companion website, generates performance curves for flapping and gliding flight, and simulations of long-distance migration and accounts successfully for the consumption of muscles and other tissues during migratory flights. The program is effectively a working model of a flying bird (or bat or pterosaur) and is the skeleton around which the book is built. The book provides a wider background and then explains how Flight works and shows how to set up and test hypotheses generated by the program. The book and the program are based on adapting the conventional (and well-tested) thinking of aeronautical engineers to the biological problems of bird flight. Their primary aim is to convince biologists that this is the appropriate way to handle problems that involve flight, to make the engineering background accessible to biologists, and to provide a tool kit in the shape of the Flight program, which they can use to solve practical problems involving bird flight and migration. In addition, the book will be readily accessible to engineers who want to know how birds work, and should be of interest to the ever-growing community working on flapping "micro air vehicles" (MAVs). The program can be used to predict the flight performance and capabilities of reconstructed fossil birds and pterosaurs, flying in ancient atmospheres that differ from present conditions, and also, of course, to predict and account for the results of experiments and observations on living birds and bats. * An up to date work by the world's leading expert on bird flight * Examines the biology and biomechanics of bird flight with added reference to the flight of bats and pterosaurs. * Uses proven aeronautical principles to help solve biological issues in understanding and predicting the flight capabilities of birds and other vertebrates. * Provides insights into the evolution of flight and the likely capabilities of extinct birds and reptiles. * Gives a detailed explanation of the science behind, and use of, the author's predictive bird flight simulation program - Flight - which is available on a companion website. * Presents often difficult concepts in easily understood language.
Author : James Bell Pettigrew
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1888
Category : Aeronautics
ISBN : HARVARD:HN1HS4
Author : J Bell Pettigrew
Publisher : Legare Street Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1019416459
This groundbreaking work from the 19th century examines the mechanics of animal locomotion, from the movement of insects and fish to the flight of birds. The author's pioneering research into the principles of aëronautics laid the groundwork for modern aviation, making this book essential reading for anyone interested in the science of motion. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author : Ulla M. Norberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642838484
It has been great fun to write this book, even though it has taken longer than planned, and occasionally been exasperating. The most difficult problem was deciding what to exclude among so many interesting things, because the available material usually exceeded the space. Because a book like this covers so many aspects, each component must be limited. This book is intended for graduate and undergraduate students as well as professional scientists who want to work with animal flight or to gain some insight into flight mechanics, aerodynamics, energetics, physiology, morpho logy, ecology and evolution. My aim has not been to give the whole mathe matical explanation of flight, but to provide an outline and summary of the main theories for the understanding of how aerofoils respond to an airflow. I also hope to give the reader some insight into how flight morphology and the various wing shapes have evolved and are adapted to different ecological niches and habitats.
Author : James Bell Pettigrew
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1874
Category : Electronic
ISBN : IBNR:CR102004102
Author : Roland Liebe
Publisher : WIT Press
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781845640019
Do we have an adequate understanding of fluid dynamics phenomena in nature and evolution, and what physical models do we need? What can we learn from nature to stimulate innovations in thinking as well as in engineering applications? Concentrating on flight and propulsion, this unique and accessible book compares fluid dynamics solutions in nature with those in engineering. The respected international contributors present up-to-date research in an easy to understand manner, giving common viewpoints from fields such as zoology, engineering, biology, fluid mechanics and physics. Contents: Introduction to Fluid Dynamics; Swimming and Flying in Nature; Generation of Forces in Fluids - Current Understanding; The Finite, Natural Vortex in Steady and Unsteady Fluid Dynamics - New Modelling; Applications in Engineering with Inspirations From Nature; Modern Experimental and Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics.
Author : Symposium on Swimming and Flying in Nature
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:834720360