Megasites In Prehistoric Europe

Author : Bisserka Gaydarska,John Chapman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781009090667

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Megasites in Prehistoric Europe by Bisserka Gaydarska,John Chapman Pdf

This is an Element about some of the largest sites known in prehistoric Europe – sites so vast that they often remain undiscussed for lack of the theoretical or methodological tools required for their understanding. Here, the authors use a relational, comparative approach to identify not only what made megasites but also what made megasites so special and so large. They have selected a sample of megasites in each major period of prehistory – Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages – with a detailed examination of a single representative megasite for each period. The relational approach makes explicit comparisons between smaller, more 'normal' sites and the megasites using six criteria – scale, temporality, deposition / monumentality, formal open spaces, performance and congregational catchment. The authors argue that many of the largest European prehistoric megasites were congregational places.

Author : Johannes Müller,Knut Rassmann,Mykhailo Videiko
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016-01-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317247920

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Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory by Johannes Müller,Knut Rassmann,Mykhailo Videiko Pdf

In European prehistory population agglomerations of more than 10,000 inhabitants per site are a seldom phenomenon. A big surprise to the archaeological community was the discovery of Trypillia mega-sites of more than 250 hectares and with remains of more than 2000 houses by a multidisciplinary approach of Soviet and Ukrainian archaeology, including aerial photography, geophysical prospection and excavations nearly 50 years ago. The extraordinary development took place at the border of the North Pontic Forest Steppe and Steppe zone ca. 4100–3400 BCE. Since then many questions arose which are of main relevance: Why, how and under which environmental conditions did Trypillia mega-sites develop? How long did they last? Were social and/or ecological reasons responsible for this social experiment? Are Trypillia and the similar sized settlement of Uruk two different concepts of social behaviour? Paradigm change in fieldwork and excavation strategies enabled research teams during the last decade to analyse the mega-sites in their spatial and social complexity. High precision geophysics, target excavations and a new design of systematic field strategies deliver empirical data representative for the large sites. Archaeological research contributed immensely to aspects of anthropogenic induced steppe development and subsistence concepts that did not reach the carrying capacities. Probabilistic models based on 14C-dates made the contemporaneity of the mega-site house structures most probable. In consequence, Trypillia mega-sites are an independent European phenomenon that contrasts both concepts of urbanism and social stratification that is seen with similar demographic figures in Mesopotamia. The new Trypillia research can be read as the methodological progress in European archaeology.

Author : Johannes Müller,Knut Rassmann,Mykhailo Videiko
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 607 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2016-01-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317247913

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Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory by Johannes Müller,Knut Rassmann,Mykhailo Videiko Pdf

In European prehistory population agglomerations of more than 10,000 inhabitants per site are a seldom phenomenon. A big surprise to the archaeological community was the discovery of Trypillia mega-sites of more than 250 hectares and with remains of more than 2000 houses by a multidisciplinary approach of Soviet and Ukrainian archaeology, including aerial photography, geophysical prospection and excavations nearly 50 years ago. The extraordinary development took place at the border of the North Pontic Forest Steppe and Steppe zone ca. 4100–3400 BCE. Since then many questions arose which are of main relevance: Why, how and under which environmental conditions did Trypillia mega-sites develop? How long did they last? Were social and/or ecological reasons responsible for this social experiment? Are Trypillia and the similar sized settlement of Uruk two different concepts of social behaviour? Paradigm change in fieldwork and excavation strategies enabled research teams during the last decade to analyse the mega-sites in their spatial and social complexity. High precision geophysics, target excavations and a new design of systematic field strategies deliver empirical data representative for the large sites. Archaeological research contributed immensely to aspects of anthropogenic induced steppe development and subsistence concepts that did not reach the carrying capacities. Probabilistic models based on 14C-dates made the contemporaneity of the mega-site house structures most probable. In consequence, Trypillia mega-sites are an independent European phenomenon that contrasts both concepts of urbanism and social stratification that is seen with similar demographic figures in Mesopotamia. The new Trypillia research can be read as the methodological progress in European archaeology.

Author : Timothy Champion,Clive Gamble,Stephen Shennan,Alasdair Whittle
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2016-06-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781315422114

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Prehistoric Europe by Timothy Champion,Clive Gamble,Stephen Shennan,Alasdair Whittle Pdf

The study of European prehistory has been revolutionized in recent years by the rapid growth rate of archeological discovery, advances in dating methods and the application of scientific techniques to archaeological material and new archaeological aims and frameworks of interpretation. Whereas previous work concentrated on the recovery and description of material remains, the main focus is now on the reconstruction of prehistoric societies and the explanation of their development. This volume provides that elementary and comprehensive synthesis of the new discoveries and the new interpretations of European prehistory. After and introductory chapter on the geographical setting and the development of prehistoric studies in Europe, the text is divided chronologically into nine chapters. Each one describes, with numerous maps, plans and drawings, the relevant archaeological data, and proceeds to a discussion of the societies they represent. Particular attention is paid to the major themes of recent prehistoric research, especially subsistence economy, trade, settlement, technology and social organization.

Author : Richard Bradley
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 0415345510

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Ritual and Domestic Life in Prehistoric Europe by Richard Bradley Pdf

This fascinating study explores how our prehistoric ancestors developed rituals from everyday life and domestic activities. This book examines farming, craft production and the occupation of houses, which were all ritualized in prehistoric Europe.

Author : Dennis Harding
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : History
ISBN : IND:39000002681620

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Prehistoric Europe by Dennis Harding Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:809931648

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Prehistoric Europe by Anonim Pdf

Author : Jane McIntosh
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : 9780195384765

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Handbook to Life in Prehistoric Europe by Jane McIntosh Pdf

What we know of prehistoric Europe stems from archeological finds, ranging from cave paintings to the frozen body of a hunter exposed by a retreating glacier. This means that our knowledge is largely of the ordinary individual - the hunter-gatherer, farmer, or Metallurgist - rather than ofkings. In this intriguing book, Jane McIntosh gathers the results of recent archaeological discoveries and scholarly research, covering all aspects of life in prehistoric Europe: the geography of the continent, economy, settlement, trade, transport, industry and crafts, religion, death and burial,warfare, language, the arts, and more. Throughout, McIntosh stresses the lives lived by the majority, rather than the privileged elite (as is so often the case in recorded history). Not that evidence of the latter is lacking: exquisite jewelry, elaborately woven cloth, and finely wrought weaponstell us a great deal about the rulers of this lost world. Including more than 75 illustrations and maps, the Handbook to Life in Prehistoric Europe provides an accessible introduction to the 7000-year period that immediately preceded the Roman Empire.

Author : Bisserka Gaydarska
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2020-08-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 3110664933

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Early Urbanism in Europe by Bisserka Gaydarska Pdf

For over 60 years, the accepted view of cultural evolution was that the world's first cities developed in the Fertile Crescent in the 4th millennium BC. This view overlooks the emergence of a much neglected class of sites--the Trypillia megasites of the Ukrainian forest-steppe. The megasites were in fact larger and earlier than the Mesopotamian cities and demonstrate an alternative pathway towards cities without strong central administration and any later urban legacy. In this book, a team of international authors examines the hypothesis of independent Eastern European urbanism using the evidence gathered from the multi-disciplinary investigation of the megasite of Nebelivka.

Author : Christopher Scarre
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Social Science
ISBN : UOM:39015045985465

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Exploring Prehistoric Europe by Christopher Scarre Pdf

Part travel guide, part survey of Europe's prehistory,Exploring Prehistoric Europedelves into fifteen of the most famous, most important, and most exciting archaeological sites in Europe. The first volume in the Places in Time series, this beautiful book takes us to locales both famous and obscure, from Ireland to Poland to Malta, ranging chronologically from Terra Amata, a site in southern France occupied some 380,000 years ago, to Borremose, a Danish settlement that dates to Roman times. The author, archaeologist Chris Scarre, examines the haunting cave paintings of Lascaux, France; the stone circle and ritual complexes of Avebury, England; and the ever mysterious Stonehenge--as well as lesser known but no less intriguing sites around Europe. For each location, he conducts a careful tour of the existing remains, describes the history of its excavation, and then interprets how the site might have been built, used, or occupied. Readers will explore a variety of cultures and monuments, from megalithic stone circles to Neolithic villages to Bronze Age tombs, and see intimate portraits of the daily life of Europe's prehistoric ancestors. Perhaps equally important, Scarre has selected the sites with accessibility in mind--all can be easily reached by the modern tourist--and he also highlights local museums and visitor centers where further artifacts and information can be found. Beautifully illustrated with maps and full-color photographs,Exploring Prehistoric Europemakes the perfect companion for the historically minded traveler--or the reader who wants to curl up at home and wander at leisure through the distant past.

Author : Lord Colin Renfrew
Publisher : Random House
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2011-03-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781446466964

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Before Civilization by Lord Colin Renfrew Pdf

The refinement of radiocarbon dating using the information form tree-ring counts has raised serious doubts about the accepted theoretical frameowkr of European prehistory. Monuments in Central and Western Europe have proved to be considerably older than their supposed Near-Eastern forerunners, and the record must be almost completely rewritten in the light of these new dates. Before Civilsation is a preliminary attempt to do this with the help of analogies from more recent and well-documented primitive societies. The more glaring inconsistencies in the old theory are re-examined and Professor Renfrew shows convincingly how the baffling monuments of prehistoric Europe, like Stonehenge, could have been built without recourse to help from the 'more civilized' Near East.

Author : Samuel Seuru,Benjamin Albouy
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783031343360

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Modelling Human-Environment Interactions in and beyond Prehistoric Europe by Samuel Seuru,Benjamin Albouy Pdf

This book offers insight into the relationship between prehistoric and protohistoric human populations and the world around them. It reconstructs key aspects of the palaeoenvironment – from large-scale drivers of environmental conditions, such as climate, to more regional variables such as vegetation cover and faunal communities. The volume underscores how computational archaeology is leading the way in the study of past human-environment interactions across spatial and chronological scales. With the increased availability of high-resolution climate models, agent-based modelling, palaeoecological proxies and the mature use of Geographic Information System in ecological modelling, archaeologists working in interdisciplinary settings are well-positioned to explore the intersection of human systems and environmental affordances and constraints. These methodological advancements provide a better understanding of the role humans played in past ecosystems – both in terms of their impact upon the environment and, in return, the impact of environmental conditions on human systems. They may also allow us to infer past ecological knowledge and land-use patterns that are historically contingent, rather than environmentally determined. This volume gathers contributions that combine reconstructions of past environments and archeological data with a view to exploring their complex interactions at different scales and invites scholars from varying disciplines and backgrounds to present and compare different modelling approaches.

Author : Magdalena S. Midgley
Publisher : Revealing History (Paperback)
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Social Science
ISBN : IND:30000100576317

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The Monumental Cemeteries of Prehistoric Europe by Magdalena S. Midgley Pdf

Drawing on archaeological evidence, Magdalena Midgley explores the cultural and social shifts from the late Mesolithic hunter-gatherers to early farming communities. Emphasizing the importance of ceremonial and monumental landscapes as points of social interaction and the focus of beliefs, she examines the location, construction, internal arrangement, graves and burials, grave goods, human remains, and ritual treatment of the deceased.

Author : T. L. Thurston,Manuel Fernández-Götz
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781316515396

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Power from Below in Premodern Societies by T. L. Thurston,Manuel Fernández-Götz Pdf

This volume challenges traditional narratives on power, moving away from elite-centered models and focusing instead on the archaeology of commoners.

Author : John Chapman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9088909490

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Forging Identities in the Prehistory of Old Europe by John Chapman Pdf

This book presents a synthesis of the prehistory of South East, Central and Eastern Europe (7000 - 3000 BC).