Trypillia Mega Sites And European Prehistory

Author : Johannes Müller,Knut Rassmann,Mykhailo Videiko
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 607 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2016-01-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317247913

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Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory by Johannes Müller,Knut Rassmann,Mykhailo Videiko Pdf

In European prehistory population agglomerations of more than 10,000 inhabitants per site are a seldom phenomenon. A big surprise to the archaeological community was the discovery of Trypillia mega-sites of more than 250 hectares and with remains of more than 2000 houses by a multidisciplinary approach of Soviet and Ukrainian archaeology, including aerial photography, geophysical prospection and excavations nearly 50 years ago. The extraordinary development took place at the border of the North Pontic Forest Steppe and Steppe zone ca. 4100–3400 BCE. Since then many questions arose which are of main relevance: Why, how and under which environmental conditions did Trypillia mega-sites develop? How long did they last? Were social and/or ecological reasons responsible for this social experiment? Are Trypillia and the similar sized settlement of Uruk two different concepts of social behaviour? Paradigm change in fieldwork and excavation strategies enabled research teams during the last decade to analyse the mega-sites in their spatial and social complexity. High precision geophysics, target excavations and a new design of systematic field strategies deliver empirical data representative for the large sites. Archaeological research contributed immensely to aspects of anthropogenic induced steppe development and subsistence concepts that did not reach the carrying capacities. Probabilistic models based on 14C-dates made the contemporaneity of the mega-site house structures most probable. In consequence, Trypillia mega-sites are an independent European phenomenon that contrasts both concepts of urbanism and social stratification that is seen with similar demographic figures in Mesopotamia. The new Trypillia research can be read as the methodological progress in European archaeology.

Author : Johannes Müller,Knut Rassmann,Mykhailo Videiko
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-01-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317247920

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Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory by Johannes Müller,Knut Rassmann,Mykhailo Videiko Pdf

In European prehistory population agglomerations of more than 10,000 inhabitants per site are a seldom phenomenon. A big surprise to the archaeological community was the discovery of Trypillia mega-sites of more than 250 hectares and with remains of more than 2000 houses by a multidisciplinary approach of Soviet and Ukrainian archaeology, including aerial photography, geophysical prospection and excavations nearly 50 years ago. The extraordinary development took place at the border of the North Pontic Forest Steppe and Steppe zone ca. 4100–3400 BCE. Since then many questions arose which are of main relevance: Why, how and under which environmental conditions did Trypillia mega-sites develop? How long did they last? Were social and/or ecological reasons responsible for this social experiment? Are Trypillia and the similar sized settlement of Uruk two different concepts of social behaviour? Paradigm change in fieldwork and excavation strategies enabled research teams during the last decade to analyse the mega-sites in their spatial and social complexity. High precision geophysics, target excavations and a new design of systematic field strategies deliver empirical data representative for the large sites. Archaeological research contributed immensely to aspects of anthropogenic induced steppe development and subsistence concepts that did not reach the carrying capacities. Probabilistic models based on 14C-dates made the contemporaneity of the mega-site house structures most probable. In consequence, Trypillia mega-sites are an independent European phenomenon that contrasts both concepts of urbanism and social stratification that is seen with similar demographic figures in Mesopotamia. The new Trypillia research can be read as the methodological progress in European archaeology.

Author : Bisserka Gaydarska,John Chapman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2022-10-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781009090667

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Megasites in Prehistoric Europe by Bisserka Gaydarska,John Chapman Pdf

This is an Element about some of the largest sites known in prehistoric Europe – sites so vast that they often remain undiscussed for lack of the theoretical or methodological tools required for their understanding. Here, the authors use a relational, comparative approach to identify not only what made megasites but also what made megasites so special and so large. They have selected a sample of megasites in each major period of prehistory – Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages – with a detailed examination of a single representative megasite for each period. The relational approach makes explicit comparisons between smaller, more 'normal' sites and the megasites using six criteria – scale, temporality, deposition / monumentality, formal open spaces, performance and congregational catchment. The authors argue that many of the largest European prehistoric megasites were congregational places.

Author : T. L. Thurston,Manuel Fernández-Götz
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781316515396

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Power from Below in Premodern Societies by T. L. Thurston,Manuel Fernández-Götz Pdf

This volume challenges traditional narratives on power, moving away from elite-centered models and focusing instead on the archaeology of commoners.

Author : Bisserka Gaydarska
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 3110664933

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Early Urbanism in Europe by Bisserka Gaydarska Pdf

For over 60 years, the accepted view of cultural evolution was that the world's first cities developed in the Fertile Crescent in the 4th millennium BC. This view overlooks the emergence of a much neglected class of sites--the Trypillia megasites of the Ukrainian forest-steppe. The megasites were in fact larger and earlier than the Mesopotamian cities and demonstrate an alternative pathway towards cities without strong central administration and any later urban legacy. In this book, a team of international authors examines the hypothesis of independent Eastern European urbanism using the evidence gathered from the multi-disciplinary investigation of the megasite of Nebelivka.

Author : Justin Jennings
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2023-05-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000872422

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Rethinking Global Governance by Justin Jennings Pdf

This book argues that long-ignored, non-western political systems from the distant and more recent past can provide critical insights into improving global governance. These societies show how successful collection action can occur by dividing sovereignty, consensus building, power from below, and other mechanisms. For a better tomorrow, we need to free ourselves of the colonial constraints on our political imagination. A pandemic, war in Europe, and another year of climatic anomalies are among the many indications of the limits of global governance today. To meet these challenges, we must look far beyond the status quo to the thousands of successful mechanisms for collective action that have been cast aside a priori because they do not fit into Western traditions of how people should be organized. Coming from long past or still enduring societies often dismissed as “savages” and “primitives” until well into the twentieth century, the political systems in this book were often seen as too acephalous, compartmentalized, heterarchical, or anarchic to be of use. Yet as globalization makes international relations more chaotic, long-ignored governance alternatives may be better suited to today’s changing realities. Understanding how the Zulu, Trypillian, Alur, and other collectives worked might be humanity’s best hope for survival. This book will be of interest both to those seeking to apply archaeological and ethnographic data to issues of broad contemporary concern and to academics, politicians, policy makers, students, and the general public seeking possible alternatives to conventional thinking in global governance.

Author : Johannes Müller
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031533143

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Perspectives on Socio-environmental Transformations in Ancient Europe by Johannes Müller Pdf

Author : Miljana Radivojević,Benjamin Roberts,Miroslav Marić,Julka Kuzmanović-Cvetković,Thilo Rehren
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Page : 700 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-12-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781803270432

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The Rise of Metallurgy in Eurasia by Miljana Radivojević,Benjamin Roberts,Miroslav Marić,Julka Kuzmanović-Cvetković,Thilo Rehren Pdf

The Rise of Metallurgy in Eurasia is a landmark study in the evolution of early metallurgy in the Balkans. It demonstrates that far from being a rare and elite practice, the earliest metallurgy in the world was a common and communal craft activity.

Author : Attila Gyucha
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2019-02-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781438472775

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Coming Together by Attila Gyucha Pdf

Archaeologists, anthropologists, and classicists discuss how urbanization first emerged in strikingly different sociopolitical contexts in North America, Europe, and the Near East. The pursuit for universally applicable definitions of the terms “urban” and “city” has frequently distracted scholars from scrutinizing processes of how ancient nucleated settlements evolved and developed. Based on the premise that similar social dynamics to a great extent governed nucleation trajectories throughout human history, Coming Together focuses on both prehistoric aggregated and early urban settlements. Drawing from a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches, archaeologists, anthropologists, and classicists discuss how nucleation unfolded in strikingly different sociopolitical contexts in North America, Europe, and the Near East. The major themes of the volume are nucleation’s origins, pathways to sustainability, and the transformative role of these sites in sociopolitical and cultural change.

Author : Stella Souvatzi,Adnan Baysal,Emma L. Baysal
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781315531830

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Time and History in Prehistory by Stella Souvatzi,Adnan Baysal,Emma L. Baysal Pdf

Time and History in Prehistory explores the many processes through which time and history are conceptualized and constructed, challenging the perception of prehistoric societies as ahistorical. Drawing equally on contemporary theory and illustrative case studies, and firmly rooted in material evidence, this book rearticulates concepts of time and history, questions the kind of narratives to be written about the past and underlines the fundamentally historical nature of prehistory. From a range of multi-disciplinary perspectives, the authors of this volume address the scales at which archaeological evidence and narrative are interwoven, from a single day to deep history and from a solitary pot to a complete city. In doing so, they argue the need for a multi-scalar approach to prehistoric data that allows for the interplay between short and long term, and for analytical units that encourage us to move continuously between scales. The growing interest in time and history in archaeology and across a wide range of disciplines concerned with human action and the human past highlights that these are exceptionally active fields. By juxtaposing varied viewpoints, this volume bridges gaps in narrative, finds a place for inclusive histories and makes clear the benefit of integrative and interdisciplinary approaches, including different disciplines and types of data.

Author : Francesco Menotti
Publisher : Oxbow Books Limited
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : History
ISBN : 1842174835

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The Tripolye Culture Giant-settlements in Ukraine by Francesco Menotti Pdf

The crucial role that the Ukrainian 'branch' of the Tripolye culture played in shaping the historical formation of the Ukraine, and indeed that of Europe, is still not fully understood or appreciated. Although we are mostly aware of its finely-crafted and decorated pottery, along with the highly-discussed house architecture and huge settlements (known as 'giant-settlements'), we often fail to connect the various dots in order to understand the different aspects of its development, from the very first eastward migrations, to the scission into two separate local groups (eastern and western Tripolye culture), the formation of the so-called giant-settlements, and finally to its inexorable decline after more than 2000 years of prosperous existence. This book attempts to bring together in English a variety of research traditions of Eastern and Western Europe, traditionally published in various languages and not readily accessible to all scholars, in the examination of the Ukrainian archaeological record. The volume has been organized so as to give the reader a clear image of the Tripolye culture in the Ukraine, with a special emphasis placed upon the development of the so-called 'giant-settlements'. Chapters discuss the geographical and chronological context, highlighting the different facets of the culture that resulted in the formation of the giant-settlements; relative and absolute chronology of the many subgroups identified; migration; aspects of material culture (pottery and clay figurines, flint artifacts); architecture (settlement layout, house typology and standardized internal structures); experimental work on the construction and destruction of houses and controversial use of fire; and the ultimate disappearance of this accomplished and very long-lived cultural group.

Author : Francesca Fulminante,John William Hanson,Scott G. Ortman,Luis M. A. Bettencourt
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2021-01-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889664238

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Where Do Cities Come From and Where Are They Going To? Modelling Past and Present Agglomerations to Understand Urban Ways of Life by Francesca Fulminante,John William Hanson,Scott G. Ortman,Luis M. A. Bettencourt Pdf

Over the last decade, there has been a surge of interest in urbanization and economic development, sparked by the realization that making urban life sustainable is one of the greatest challenges facing us in the 21st century (this is now one of the core sustainable development goals of the United Nations). This has exerted considerable pressure on researchers to come up with more scientific ways of studying urbanism and economic activity over the long run, which has resulted not only in the development of new theoretical frameworks, but also in the collection of vast amounts of data from a range of settings. This has led to the realization that, although there are significant differences between settlements in different settings, there are nonetheless important regularities and commonalities between a diverse group of settlements in range of geographical and historical contexts, including both ancient and modern ones. This suggests that a common feature of settlements is their ability to generate increased social connectivity, greater division of labour and specialization, and enhanced technological invention and innovation, albeit with costs to levels of equality, quality of life, and standards of living, as well as impacts on the environment, which cannot be separated from the emergence of confederations and states and the creation of settlement systems, hierarchies and networks. We believe that this field of enquiry now stands at a critical juncture. Although it is now feasible to talk about many aspects of ancient and modern urbanism with relative confidence, such as the numbers of cities or their sizes, much of the discussion of these themes within historical and archaeological circles has been on a discursive or qualitative level, while it is often difficult to harmonize the different models that have been applied to date into a consistent empirical and theoretical framework. A new approach to settlements throughout different contexts should now be within our grasp, however, thanks to both the ease with which information can be disseminated and the facilities that recent developments in IT offer us to model, analyse, and statistically test data.

Author : Attila Gyucha,Roderick B. Salisbury
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781803270913

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The Archaeology of Nucleation in the Old World by Attila Gyucha,Roderick B. Salisbury Pdf

Fourteen papers take advantage of advances in archaeological methods and theory to explore the role of the built environment in expressing and shaping community organization and identity at prehistoric and historic nucleated settlements and early cities in the Old World.

Author : Johannes Müller
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3774940185

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Maidanetske 2013 by Johannes Müller Pdf

In European prehistory, population agglomerations of more than 10,000 inhabitants per site are an infrequent phenomenon. The unexpected discovery of the Trypillia mega-sites, excavated nearly 50 years aga by Soviet, Ukrainian and Moldavian archaeologists using a multidisciplinary approach, uncovered the remains of more than 2000 houses spread over 250 hectares. These extraordinary mega-sites developed at the border of the North Pontic Forest Steppe zone ca. 4100-3400 BCE.0One of the key mega-sites is Maidanetske in the Uman Region, Central Ukraine. In 2013, an interdisciplinary European team of researchers started new excavations at the site, which were analysed under the frame of the Collaborative Research Centre SFB 1266 ?Scales of Transformation?: The excavation provoked many questions: why, how and under what environmental conditions did Trypillia mega-sites develop? How long did they last? Were social reasons responsible for transformation processes?

Author : John Chapman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-12-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9088909490

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Forging Identities in the Prehistory of Old Europe by John Chapman Pdf

This book presents a synthesis of the prehistory of South East, Central and Eastern Europe (7000 - 3000 BC).