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All The Pasha’s Men:Mehmed Ali,Hisarmy And The Making Of Modern Egypt by Khaled Fahmy Pdf
Basing his work on previously neglected archival material, the author demonstrates how Mehmed Ali sought to develop the Egyptian economy and armies, not as a means of gaining independence, but to further his hereditary rule over Egypt.
Kavalali Mehmed Ali Pasha (c. 1770–1849), often dubbed "the founder of modern Egypt", was one of the most important figures in the history of the Ottoman Empire. Born in what is now Greece, and seemingly headed for an everyday existence as a tobacco trader, he joined the Ottoman army at the age of thirty, and went on to become both the leader of Egypt for nearly fifty years and the founder of a dynasty that ruled for a century after his death. In this insightful and well-constructed biography, Khaled Fahmy assesses the renowned ruler’s life, and his significant contribution to Egyptian, Ottoman, and Islamic history. Examining the unprecedented economic, military, and social policies that he introduced in Egypt, as well as Mehmed Ali’s intricate relationship with his family, Fahmy provides a fresh assessment of this towering nineteenth-century personality.
While scholarship has traditionally viewed Mehmed Ali Pasha as the founder of modern Egypt, Khaled Fahmy offers a new interpretation of his role in the rise of Egyptian nationalism, firmly locating him within the Ottoman context as an ambitious, if problematic, Ottoman reformer. Basing his work on previously neglected archival material, the author demonstrates how Mehmed Ali sought to develop the Egyptian economy and to build up the army, not as a means of gaining Egyptian independence from the Ottoman empire, but to further his own ambitions for recognized hereditary rule over the province. By focusing on the army and the soldier’s daily experiences, the author constructs a detailed picture of attempts at modernization and reform, how they were planned and implemented by various reformers, and how the public at large understood and accommodated them. In this way, the work contributes to the larger methodological and theoretical debates concerning nation-building and the construction of state power in the particular context of early nineteenth-century Egypt.
Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali by Afaf Lutfi Sayyid-Marsot Pdf
This account of Egyptian society traces the economic reasons for Muhammad Ali's rise to power and the effects of his regime on Egypt's development as a nation state.
This two-volume reference provides university and high school students—and the general public—with a wealth of information on one of the most important empires the world has ever known. Arranged in topical sections, this two-volume encyclopedia will help students and general readers alike delve into the fascinating story of an empire that continues to influence the world despite having been dissolved almost 100 years ago. Detailed entries describe the people, careers, and major events that played a central role in the history of the Ottoman Empire, covering both internal developments in Ottoman society and the empire's relationship with the powerful forces that surrounded it. Readers and researchers will find information pertaining to archaeology, geography, art history, ethnology, sociology, economics, religion, philosophy, mysticism, science and medicine, international relations, and numerous other areas of study. Many of the entries are enriched with material from Turkish and Persian primary sources written by courtiers, authors, and historians who were present at the time of major military campaigns or other important events in Ottoman history. These and other annotated primary documents will give students the opportunity to analyze events and will promote critical thinking skills. The language used throughout is accessible and based on the assumption that the reader is not familiar with the long, rich, and complex history of the Ottoman state.
Middle East Conflicts from Ancient Egypt to the 21st Century [4 volumes] by Spencer C. Tucker Pdf
With more than 1,100 cross-referenced entries covering every aspect of conflict in the Middle East, this definitive scholarly reference provides readers with a substantial foundation for understanding contemporary history in the most volatile region in the world. This authoritative and comprehensive encyclopedia covers all the key wars, insurgencies, and battles that have occurred in the Middle East roughly between 3100 BCE and the early decades of the twenty-first century. It also discusses the evolution of military technology and the development and transformation of military tactics and strategy from the ancient world to the present. In addition to the hundreds of entries on major conflicts, military engagements, and diplomatic developments, the book also features entries on key military, political, and religious leaders. Essays on the major empires and nations of the region are included, as are overview essays on the major periods under consideration. The book additionally covers such non-military subjects as diplomacy, national and international politics, religion and sectarian conflict, cultural phenomena, genocide, international peacekeeping missions, social movements, and the rise to prominence of international terrorism. The reference entries are augmented by a carefully curated documents volume that offers primary sources on such diverse topics as the Greco-Persian Wars, the Crusades, and the Arab-Israeli Wars.
3rd International Congress on Ottoman Studies (Abstract Book) by anonymous Pdf
The first International Ottoman Studies Congress (OSARK) took place in Sakarya, Turkey, from October 14-17, 2015. The OSARK 2018 was held in Tirana, Albania, from October 17-20. We would like to inform you that the third OSARK will be held in Istanbul, Turkey, from September 7-9, 2022, at Istanbul Medeniyet University. ----- İlki 14-17 Ekim 2015 tarihleri arasında Sakarya'da düzenlenen Uluslararası Osmanlı Araştırmaları Kongresi'nin (OSARK) ikincisi 17-20 Ekim 2018 tarihleri arasında Arnavutluk'un Tiran şehrinde icra edilmişti. Kongrenin üçüncüsü ise 7-9 Eylül 2022 tarihinde İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi tarafından düzenlenecektir.
Author : Erik de Lange Publisher : Cambridge University Press Page : 347 pages File Size : 50,5 Mb Release : 2024-04-18 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9781009364133
New ideas of security spelled the end of piracy on the Mediterranean Sea during the nineteenth century. As European states ended their military conflicts and privateering wars against one another, they turned their attention to the 'Barbary pirates' of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. Naval commanders, diplomats, merchant lobbies and activists cooperated for the first time against this shared threat. Together, they installed a new order of security at sea. Drawing on European and Ottoman archival records – from diplomatic correspondence and naval journals to songs, poems and pamphlets – Erik de Lange explores how security was used in the nineteenth century to legitimise the repression of piracy. This repression brought European imperial expansionism and colonial rule to North Africa. By highlighting the crucial role of security within international relations, Menacing Tides demonstrates how European cooperation against shared threats remade the Mediterranean and unleashed a new form of collaborative imperialism.
Originally conceived as a military history, this second edition completes the story of the Middle Eastern populations that underwent significant transformation in the nineteenth century, finally imploding in communal violence, paramilitary activity, and genocide after the Berlin Treaty of 1878. Now called The Ottomans 1700-1923: An Empire Besieged, the book charts the evolution of a military system in the era of shrinking borders, global consciousness, financial collapse, and revolutionary fervour. The focus of the text is on those who fought, defended, and finally challenged the sultan and the system, leaving long-lasting legacies in the contemporary Middle East. Richly illustrated, the text is accompanied by brief portraits of the friends and foes of the Ottoman house. Written by a foremost scholar of the Ottoman Empire and featuring illustrations that have not been seen in print before, this second edition is essential reading for both students and scholars of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman society, military and political history, and Ottoman-European relations.
Turkey, Islam, Nationalism, and Modernity by Carter V. Findley Pdf
Book Description: Publication Date: August 30, 2011. "Turkey, Islam, Nationalism, and Modernity" reveals the historical dynamics propelling two centuries of Ottoman and Turkish history. As mounting threats to imperial survival necessitated dynamic responses, ethnolinguistic and religious identities inspired alternative strategies for engaging with modernity. A radical, secularizing current of change competed with a conservative, Islamically committed current. Crises sharpened the differentiation of the two streams, forcing choices between them. The radical current began with the formation of reformist governmental elites and expanded with the advent of 'print capitalism', symbolized by the privately owned, Ottoman-language newspapers. The radicals engineered the 1908 Young Turk revolution, ruled empire and republic until 1950, made secularism a lasting 'belief system', and still retain powerful positions. The conservative current gained impetus from three history-making Islamic renewal movements, those of Mevlana Halid, Said Nursi, and Fethullah Gulen. Powerful under the empire, Islamic conservatives did not regain control of government until the 1980s. By then they, too, had their own influential media. Findley's reassessment of political, economic, social and cultural history reveals the dialectical interaction between radical and conservative currents of change, which alternately clashed and converged to shape late Ottoman and republican Turkish history.
Focusing on authoritarian rule, unresolved economic challenges, and external dependency, the volume explains the salient political and economic features of contemporary Egypt against the backdrop of its history since the beginning of the 19th century. Presenting a comprehensive account of developments, it challenges common assumptions about secularists, Islamists, and revolutionaries, as well as 'modernization', 'economic reform', and political stability. Discussing domestic politics, economic change, and external relations since 1945, the author argues that Egypt continued to draw a degree of strength from sustained state-building activities, which its pre-colonial rulers could pursue in a favourable international environment and the partly related emergence of the country as a focal point of collective identity. More consolidated than many other states in the global south, Arab and non-Arab alike, independent Egypt, despite changing economic strategies, remained a (lower) middle-income country and despite repeated political contestation, most recently in the Arab Spring, continued to suffer from autocratic rule. Such continuity reflects not only the interplay between political forces at home, dominated by the military, and inconclusive economic policies but also the external constraints under which governments and other actors in the global south have to act. Based on numerous primary and secondary sources in various languages, including Arabic, and years of fieldwork, the book is a key resource for scholars of all levels, journalists, policymakers, and diplomats interested in comparative politics and the political economy of the Middle East and Egypt.
A fresh interpretation of the development of sectarian identities and communal violence in Lebanon from the 1840s to the 1860s, challenging those who have viewed sectarian violence as an Islamic reaction against westernization or as the product of social and economic inequities among religious groups.
Histories of the Modern Middle East by I. Gershoni,Y. Hakan Erdem,Ursula Woköck Pdf
Machine generated contents note: 1 Doing History: Modem Middle Eastern Studies Today, -- Israel Gershoni and Ursula Wokick -- Part 1 New Dimensions of Modernizing Processes -- 2 The Great Ottoman Debasement, 1808-1844: A Political Economy Framework, fevket Pamuk -- 3 A Prelude to Ottoman Reform: Ibn 'Abidin on Custom and Legal Change, Wael B. Hallaq -- 4 The Damascus Affair and the Beginnings of France's Empire in the Middle East, Mary C. Wilson -- 5 The Gender of Modernity: Reflections from Iranian Historiography, Afsaneh Najmabadi -- Part 2 Globalization Then and Now -- 6 From Liberalism to Liberal Imperialism: Lord Cromer and the First Wave of Globalization in Egypt, Roger Owen -- 7 Late Capitalism and the Reformation of the Working Classes in the Middle East, Joel Beinin -- Part 3 Recovering Lost Voices in the Age of Colonialism -- 8 Exploring the Field: Lost Voices and Emerging Practices in Egypt, 1882-1914, Zachary Lockman -- 9 Slaves or Siblings? Abdallah al-Nadim's Dialogues -- About the Family, Eve M. Troutt Powell -- 10 Shaikh al-Ra'is and Sultan Abdiilhamid II: The Iranian Dimension of Pan-Islam, Juan R. I. Cole -- Part 4 Constructing Identities, Defining Nations -- 11 Recruitment for the "Victorious Soldiers of Muhammad" in the Arab Provinces, 1826-1828, Hakan Erdem -- 12 The Politics of History and Memory: A Multidimensional Analysis of the Lausanne Peace Conference, 1922-1923, -- Fatma Miige Godek -- 13 Arab Society in Mandatory Palestine: The Half-Full Glass? -- Rashid Khalidi -- 14 Manly Men on a National Stage (and the Women Who Make Them Stars), Walter Armbrust.