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Melanin-Concentrating Hormone and Sleep by S. R. Pandi-Perumal,Pablo Torterolo,Jaime M. Monti Pdf
This book offers a compilation of papers on the role of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) in sleep, sleep disorders and neuroendocrine functions. Leading experts in sleep medicine, psychiatry and neuroendocrinology provide a broad perspective on the field, from the anatomical structure and physiology of the MCH system to the connection with other systems influencing sleep and diseases like anxiety and depression. The potential of MCHR-1 antagonists as anxiolytic/antidepressant drugs is also reviewed. The book will represent an interdisciplinary guide for sleep disorder specialists, sleep researchers, psychiatrists, neurologists, psychologists, and behavioral sleep medicine specialists.
Optogenetic and Pharmacogenetic Dissection of the Melanin-concentrating-hormone (MCH) System by Sonia Jego Pdf
"Sleep is a fundamental physiological process and sleep-like states have been described in nearly every animal studied to date. Despite the existence of distinct sleep-wake states, our understanding of the mechanism of sleep regulation remains incomplete. The present work focused on a particular hypothalamic neuronal population which expresses melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). The MCH peptide is thought to have a role in the promotion of sleep. However, all of the evidence supporting a functional role for the MCH system in sleep stems from in vitro and in vivo techniques that have spatial and temporal limitations and involve possible compensatory mechanisms. The present work aimed at clarifying the action of MCH neurons and their co-expressed neurotransmitters on sleep.In our first study, we used optogenetic tools in newly-generated Tg(Pmch-Cre) mice and found that acute optical activation of MCH neurons at the onset of REM sleep extended REM sleep duration whereas MCH neuronal stimulation at NREM sleep onset promoted transition from NREM to REM sleep. In contrast, acute silencing of MCH neurons reduced the frequency and amplitude of the hippocampal theta rhythm without affecting REM sleep duration. In vitro activation of MCH neuron terminals induced GABAA-mediated inhibitory post-synaptic currents in wake-promoting neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), while in vivo activation of MCH neuron terminals in the TMN or medial septum also prolonged REM sleep episodes. Collectively, these results suggest that activation of MCH neurons maintains REM sleep, possibly through inhibition of arousal circuits in the mammalian brain, while their inhibition induced a NREM-to-REM sleep transitional state.Our second study investigated the role of MCH peptide and GABA transmitter, which are thought to be both released by MCH neurons, during acute and semi-chronic optogenetic activation of MCH cells. We used newly-generated mice along with administration of MCH-R1 antagonist SNAP 7941. Our study revealed that the absence of Vesicular GABA Transporter (VGAT) in MCH neurons raises REM sleep mean duration closer to a ceiling value in control condition, masking the REM sleep promoting effect in acute stimulation. Semi-chronic activation of MCH neurons revealed that MCH peptide likely mediates the NREM sleep promoting effect whereas REM sleep promoting effect might involve additional neurotransmitters beside GABA neurotransmission. Together, our results suggest that GABA produced by MCH neurons is playing a crucial role in the basal control of REM sleep. Importantly, these results have confirmed that the mode of MCH activation (acute vs. semi-chronic) has a different effect on sleep, possibly due to the release of various neurotransmitters acting on various targets with different timescales. In the third study, we investigated the effect of pharmacogenetic activation of MCH neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and found that their activation during the resting period (i.e., light period) specifically increased REM sleep whereas a similar activation paradigm during the active period (i.e., dark period) enhanced wakefulness and possibly arousal. These results suggest that subpopulations of MCH neurons exist, and that their modulation of behavior, including sleep, depends on the circadian phase and the physiological and homeostatic need of the animal.Collectively, our results causally demonstrated that MCH neurons are involved in REM sleep regulation, at least during the light phase. Acute activation of MCH neurons significantly promotes REM sleep although this effect is not dependent on MCH peptide release, whereas GABA from MCH neurons is possibly involved in the regulation of basal REM sleep. Our results further suggest that MCH peptide is implicated in the modulation of NREM sleep following semi-chronic activation of MCH soma, consistent with the slow mechanism of action of peptides in the brain. " --
The Orexin System. Basic Science and Role in Sleep Pathology by M.A. Steiner,M. Yanagisawa,M. Clozel Pdf
The orexin system, discovered in 1998, has emerged as a crucial player in regulating the sleep and wake balance inside our brain. This discovery has sparked a burst of novel and dynamic research on the physiology and pathology of sleep. The Orexin System: Basic Science and Role in Sleep Pathology honors this research and the authors share their ideas and perspectives on the novel developments within the field. The book examines the intricate role of the orexin system in regulating sleep and wake, and its interaction with other wake-regulating systems. The orexin system is dissected at the cellular and molecular level to explore the diversity of the orexin-producing neurons, their projections, and their signaling pathways. Additionally, the book discusses the diseases which are associated with a dysfunctional orexin system, such as narcolepsy, insomnia, substance abuse, and Alzheimer’s disease, and explores the new potential therapeutic applications derived from the burst of research around this fascinating system. This publication is essential reading for neurobiologists, neurologists, psychopharmacologists, sleep researchers, and other researchers and clinical scientists interested in sleep, sleep research, insomnia, and medicine in general.
Sleep and Mental Illness by S. R. Pandi-Perumal,Milton Kramer Pdf
The diagnosis of mental illness is frequently accompanied by sleep problems; conversely, people experiencing sleep problems may subsequently develop mental illness. Sleep and Mental Illness looks at this close correlation and considers the implications of research findings that have emerged in the last few years. Additionally, it surveys the essential concepts and practical tools required to deal with sleep and co-morbid psychiatric problems. The volume is divided into three main sections: basic science, neuroendocrinology, and clinical science. Included are over 30 chapters on topics such as neuropharmacology, insomnia, depression, dementia, autism, and schizophrenia. Relevant questionnaires for the assessment of sleep disorders, including quality-of-life measurement tools, are provided. There is also a summary table of drugs for treating sleep disorders. This interdisciplinary text will be of interest to clinicians working in psychiatry, behavioral sleep medicine, neurology, pulmonary and critical care medicine.
Sleep and Neurologic Disease by Mitchell G. Miglis Pdf
Sleep and Neurologic Disease reviews how common neurologic illnesses, such as Parkinson’s Disease and Alzheimer’s dementia impact sleep. In addition, the book discusses how common primary sleep disorders influence neurologic diseases, such as the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and stroke, as well as their association with various primary headache disorders and epilepsy syndromes. The utilization of sleep technology, such as polysomnography, multiple sleep latency testing, actigraphy, laboratory and CSF testing is also covered. The book is written for the practicing neurologist, sleep physician, neuroscientist, and epidemiologist studying sleep. Reviews how common neurological illnesses impact sleep and the impact sleep disorders have on neurologic disease Up-to-date, comprehensive overview written for practicing neurologists, sleep physicians, neuroscientists, and epidemiologists Includes informative discussions on sleep physiology, circadian rhythms, sleep and stroke, and treatment options for neurologists
Hypothalamus in Health and Diseases by Stavros Baloyannis,Jan Gordeladze Pdf
The human hypothalamus, a small structure at the base of the brain, has strategic importance for the harmonic function of the human body. It controls the autonomic nervous system, neuroendocrine function, circadian and circannual rhythms, somatic activities, and behavior, and is situated at the borders between the brain and the body and the brain and the soul, meeting points for mind and body. The hypothalamus is involved in a wide range of higher mental functions, including attention, learning and reinforcement of mnemonic processes, emotional control, mood stability, and cognitive-emotional interactions. It also has a role to play in behavioral disorders, panic reactions, cluster headache, gelastic epilepsy, mental deficiency, periodic disorders, depression, autism, and schizophrenia, and in a substantial number of neurodegenerative diseases. It enlarges greatly the dimensions of the hypothalamic contribution in controlling psychosomatic equilibrium and retaining internal unity of the human existence.
Neuroanatomy of Neuroendocrine Systems by Valery Grinevich,Árpád Dobolyi Pdf
In this book, experts in the field provide comprehensive descriptions of the neuroanatomy of the hypothalamic neuroendocrine systems. The book begins with an extensive discussion on the structural components of the neuroendocrine systems. The reader will be introduced to the anatomy and biology of the hypothalamus and the pituitary. The human hypothalamus is presented in particular detail using state-of-the-art imaging techniques. In the next section, the neuroanatomy of traditional hypothalamo-hypophyseal systems is highlighted, with chapters describing magnocellular neuroendocrine cells and discussing the respective types of hypothalamic neurons that regulate various pituitary hormones. Following this detailed structural and anatomical description of the neuroendocrine system, the book’s final section focuses on the hypothalamic control of neuroendocrine functions. This includes the control of circadian rhythm, metabolism and appetite via specific peptidergic circuits. This book provides essential information on the neuroanatomy and control of neuroendocrine systems, addresses cutting-edge research questions posed by recent advances in the development of potent neuroanatomical tools, and highlights the latest technologies used in neuroendocrinology research, making it a valuable reference guide for students, trainees and established researchers alike. This is the twelfth volume in the International Neuroendocrine Federation (INF) Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology series, which aims to illustrate the highest standards and to encourage the use of the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and hopes to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology. Chapter 12 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 425 pages File Size : 53,7 Mb Release : 2006-10-13 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309101110
Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research Pdf
Clinical practice related to sleep problems and sleep disorders has been expanding rapidly in the last few years, but scientific research is not keeping pace. Sleep apnea, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome are three examples of very common disorders for which we have little biological information. This new book cuts across a variety of medical disciplines such as neurology, pulmonology, pediatrics, internal medicine, psychiatry, psychology, otolaryngology, and nursing, as well as other medical practices with an interest in the management of sleep pathology. This area of research is not limited to very young and old patientsâ€"sleep disorders reach across all ages and ethnicities. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation presents a structured analysis that explores the following: Improving awareness among the general public and health care professionals. Increasing investment in interdisciplinary somnology and sleep medicine research training and mentoring activities. Validating and developing new and existing technologies for diagnosis and treatment. This book will be of interest to those looking to learn more about the enormous public health burden of sleep disorders and sleep deprivation and the strikingly limited capacity of the health care enterprise to identify and treat the majority of individuals suffering from sleep problems.
Handbook of Hormones by Hironori Ando,Kazuyoshi Ukena,Shinji Nagata Pdf
Handbook of Hormones: Comparative Endocrinology for Basic and Clinical Research, Second Edition presents a catalog of fundamental information on the structure and function of hormones from basic biology to clinical use, offering a rapid way to obtain specific facts about the chemical and molecular characteristics of hormones, their receptors, signaling pathways, and the biological activities they regulate. The book's stellar editorial board, affiliated with the Japan Society for Comparative Endocrinology, brings together authors that present a compelling structure of each hormone with a consistent presentation that provides a primer surrounding the plethora of hormones that now exist. Comparative endocrinology continues to rapidly expand and new information about hormones is being produced almost daily, making it important to stay up-to-date. Hormone, paracrine, and autocrine factors have been identified as key players in a range of different systems, including immune, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular. Frontiers between disciplines are being blurred and many scientists in fields other than endocrinology are interested in hormones. Scientists now have the unprecedented opportunity to look from invertebrates to vertebrate and identify novel regulatory factors and understand their function and how they determine an organism’s physiology and survival. Presents hormones in groups according to their origin so that readers can easily understand their inter-relation Includes 47 new hormones, such as neuropeptides, cytokines, growth hormones, biogenic amines and amino acids that are important for cell to cell communication via endocrine, paracrine and neurotransmitter signaling Summarizes the current knowledge of hormone evolution based on comparative genome resources, such as synteny, genome sequence and comprehensive phylogeny Covers a wide range of information on hormones, from basic information on structure and function across vertebrate and invertebrate phyla to clinical applications Collates key information on 259 hormones and 47 groups/families
Christian R. Baumann,Claudio L. Bassetti,Thomas E. Scammell
Author : Christian R. Baumann,Claudio L. Bassetti,Thomas E. Scammell Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 416 pages File Size : 49,9 Mb Release : 2011-07-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781441983909
Narcolepsy by Christian R. Baumann,Claudio L. Bassetti,Thomas E. Scammell Pdf
The field of narcolepsy has developed enormously within the last 10 years. Indeed the understanding of the basics of sleep-wake regulation and the discovery of new neurotransmitter systems (the hypocretins) has boosted research and key findings in the field, providing important insights into how sleep is regulated. Consequently narcolepsy now receives a great deal of attention from both clinicians and scientists throughout the world. Narcolepsy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment not only offers an engaging and comprehensive treatment of a fascinating disorder but also includes a DVD that offers a unique and large collection of movies displaying the symptoms of narcolepsy in people and animals. Written by some of the best experts in the field, the book focuses on the pathophysiology of the problem and also provides critical, up-to-date insights on the key clinical issues: how to diagnose the disorder, how to treat it, and how to best manage psychosocial problems. The first and only guide to span the latest advances in narcolepsy, this reference provides sections in etiology, neurochemistry, the role of the hypocretins in sleep-wake regulation, animal models in narcolepsy, the key role of the hypothalamus, REM-sleep dysregulation, diagnosis and classification, and treatment. Compiled by an international group of more than 30 authors, Narcolepsy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment is an indispensable resource for all clinicians and scientists with an interest in narcolepsy.
Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders by Eric Nofzinger,Pierre Maquet,Michael J. Thorpy Pdf
An up-to-date, superbly illustrated practical guide to the effective use of neuroimaging in the patient with sleep disorders. The only book to date to provide comprehensive coverage of this topic. A must for all healthcare workers interested in understanding the causes, consequences and treatment of sleep disorders.
Author : Deborah Suchecki,Carol F. Elias Publisher : Frontiers Media SA Page : 148 pages File Size : 55,7 Mb Release : 2017-10-12 Category : Electronic book ISBN : 9782889453078
Neuropeptides and Behaviour: From Motivation to Psychopathology by Deborah Suchecki,Carol F. Elias Pdf
The discovery of the involvement of neuropeptides with behaviours other than regulatory motivated ones took place in the midst of 1960’s with David de Wied’s first report on the influence of pituitary peptides on memory. This major scientific breakthrough opened a new frontier of studies in Endocrinology and its related fields, Neuroendocrinology and Psychoneuroendocrinology. Neuropeptides were initially thought to be involved in homeostatic regulation and secreted only from neurons located in the hypothalamus; they are now recognized neurotransmitters, produced in and secreted from distinct brain areas, associated with a myriad of, not only, motivated, but also psychopathological behaviours. Motivated behaviours are determinant for individual and species survival, but their expression in a large spectrum and deviations from average may give rise to a number of psychiatric conditions.
