Memory And The Computational Brain

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Memory and the Computational Brain

C. R. Gallistel,Adam Philip King
Memory and the Computational Brain Book PDF

Author : C. R. Gallistel,Adam Philip King
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2011-09-09
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781444359763

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Memory and the Computational Brain by C. R. Gallistel,Adam Philip King Pdf

Memory and the Computational Brain offers a provocative argument that goes to the heart of neuroscience, proposing that the field can and should benefit from the recent advances of cognitive science and the development of information theory over the course of the last several decades. A provocative argument that impacts across the fields of linguistics, cognitive science, and neuroscience, suggesting new perspectives on learning mechanisms in the brain Proposes that the field of neuroscience can and should benefit from the recent advances of cognitive science and the development of information theory Suggests that the architecture of the brain is structured precisely for learning and for memory, and integrates the concept of an addressable read/write memory mechanism into the foundations of neuroscience Based on lectures in the prestigious Blackwell-Maryland Lectures in Language and Cognition, and now significantly reworked and expanded to make it ideal for students and faculty

Memory and the Computational Brain

C. R. Gallistel,Adam Philip King
Memory and the Computational Brain Book PDF

Author : C. R. Gallistel,Adam Philip King
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2009-04-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1405122870

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Memory and the Computational Brain by C. R. Gallistel,Adam Philip King Pdf

Memory and the Computational Brain offers a provocative argument that goes to the heart of neuroscience, proposing that the field can and should benefit from the recent advances of cognitive science and the development of information theory over the course of the last several decades. A provocative argument that impacts across the fields of linguistics, cognitive science, and neuroscience, suggesting new perspectives on learning mechanisms in the brain Proposes that the field of neuroscience can and should benefit from the recent advances of cognitive science and the development of information theory Suggests that the architecture of the brain is structured precisely for learning and for memory, and integrates the concept of an addressable read/write memory mechanism into the foundations of neuroscience Based on lectures in the prestigious Blackwell-Maryland Lectures in Language and Cognition, and now significantly reworked and expanded to make it ideal for students and faculty

The Computational Brain

Patricia Smith Churchland,Terrence Joseph Sejnowski
The Computational Brain Book PDF

Author : Patricia Smith Churchland,Terrence Joseph Sejnowski
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 564 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Anatomy
ISBN : 0262531208

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The Computational Brain by Patricia Smith Churchland,Terrence Joseph Sejnowski Pdf

"The Computational Brain addresses a broad audience: neuroscientists, computer scientists, cognitive scientists, and philosophers. It is written for both the expert and novice. A basic overview of neuroscience and computational theory is provided, followed by a study of some of the most recent and sophisticated modeling work in the context of relevant neurobiological research. Technical terms are clearly explained in the text, and definitions are provided in an extensive glossary. The appendix contains a précis of neurobiological techniques."--Jacket.

Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience

Randall C. O'Reilly,Yuko Munakata
Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : Randall C. O'Reilly,Yuko Munakata
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2000-08-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0262650541

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Computational Explorations in Cognitive Neuroscience by Randall C. O'Reilly,Yuko Munakata Pdf

This text, based on a course taught by Randall O'Reilly and Yuko Munakata over the past several years, provides an in-depth introduction to the main ideas in the computational cognitive neuroscience. The goal of computational cognitive neuroscience is to understand how the brain embodies the mind by using biologically based computational models comprising networks of neuronlike units. This text, based on a course taught by Randall O'Reilly and Yuko Munakata over the past several years, provides an in-depth introduction to the main ideas in the field. The neural units in the simulations use equations based directly on the ion channels that govern the behavior of real neurons, and the neural networks incorporate anatomical and physiological properties of the neocortex. Thus the text provides the student with knowledge of the basic biology of the brain as well as the computational skills needed to simulate large-scale cognitive phenomena. The text consists of two parts. The first part covers basic neural computation mechanisms: individual neurons, neural networks, and learning mechanisms. The second part covers large-scale brain area organization and cognitive phenomena: perception and attention, memory, language, and higher-level cognition. The second part is relatively self-contained and can be used separately for mechanistically oriented cognitive neuroscience courses. Integrated throughout the text are more than forty different simulation models, many of them full-scale research-grade models, with friendly interfaces and accompanying exercises. The simulation software (PDP++, available for all major platforms) and simulations can be downloaded free of charge from the Web. Exercise solutions are available, and the text includes full information on the software.

Computational Models of Brain and Behavior

Ahmed A. Moustafa
Computational Models of Brain and Behavior Book PDF

Author : Ahmed A. Moustafa
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 586 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781119159063

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Computational Models of Brain and Behavior by Ahmed A. Moustafa Pdf

A comprehensive Introduction to the world of brain and behavior computational models This book provides a broad collection of articles covering different aspects of computational modeling efforts in psychology and neuroscience. Specifically, it discusses models that span different brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, visual cortex), different species (humans, rats, fruit flies), and different modeling methods (neural network, Bayesian, reinforcement learning, data fitting, and Hodgkin-Huxley models, among others). Computational Models of Brain and Behavior is divided into four sections: (a) Models of brain disorders; (b) Neural models of behavioral processes; (c) Models of neural processes, brain regions and neurotransmitters, and (d) Neural modeling approaches. It provides in-depth coverage of models of psychiatric disorders, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, and dyslexia; models of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy; early sensory and perceptual processes; models of olfaction; higher/systems level models and low-level models; Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning; linking information theory to neurobiology; and more. Covers computational approximations to intellectual disability in down syndrome Discusses computational models of pharmacological and immunological treatment in Alzheimer's disease Examines neural circuit models of serotonergic system (from microcircuits to cognition) Educates on information theory, memory, prediction, and timing in associative learning Computational Models of Brain and Behavior is written for advanced undergraduate, Master's and PhD-level students—as well as researchers involved in computational neuroscience modeling research.

Memristive Devices for Brain-Inspired Computing

Sabina Spiga,Abu Sebastian,Damien Querlioz,Bipin Rajendran
Memristive Devices for Brain Inspired Computing Book PDF

Author : Sabina Spiga,Abu Sebastian,Damien Querlioz,Bipin Rajendran
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 569 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780081027875

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Memristive Devices for Brain-Inspired Computing by Sabina Spiga,Abu Sebastian,Damien Querlioz,Bipin Rajendran Pdf

Memristive Devices for Brain-Inspired Computing: From Materials, Devices, and Circuits to Applications—Computational Memory, Deep Learning, and Spiking Neural Networks reviews the latest in material and devices engineering for optimizing memristive devices beyond storage applications and toward brain-inspired computing. The book provides readers with an understanding of four key concepts, including materials and device aspects with a view of current materials systems and their remaining barriers, algorithmic aspects comprising basic concepts of neuroscience as well as various computing concepts, the circuits and architectures implementing those algorithms based on memristive technologies, and target applications, including brain-inspired computing, computational memory, and deep learning. This comprehensive book is suitable for an interdisciplinary audience, including materials scientists, physicists, electrical engineers, and computer scientists. Provides readers an overview of four key concepts in this emerging research topic including materials and device aspects, algorithmic aspects, circuits and architectures and target applications Covers a broad range of applications, including brain-inspired computing, computational memory, deep learning and spiking neural networks Includes perspectives from a wide range of disciplines, including materials science, electrical engineering and computing, providing a unique interdisciplinary look at the field

The Computational Brain, 25th Anniversary Edition

Patricia S. Churchland,Terrence J. Sejnowski
The Computational Brain 25th Anniversary Edition Book PDF

Author : Patricia S. Churchland,Terrence J. Sejnowski
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 569 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-11-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262533393

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The Computational Brain, 25th Anniversary Edition by Patricia S. Churchland,Terrence J. Sejnowski Pdf

An anniversary edition of the classic work that influenced a generation of neuroscientists and cognitive neuroscientists. Before The Computational Brain was published in 1992, conceptual frameworks for brain function were based on the behavior of single neurons, applied globally. In The Computational Brain, Patricia Churchland and Terrence Sejnowski developed a different conceptual framework, based on large populations of neurons. They did this by showing that patterns of activities among the units in trained artificial neural network models had properties that resembled those recorded from populations of neurons recorded one at a time. It is one of the first books to bring together computational concepts and behavioral data within a neurobiological framework. Aimed at a broad audience of neuroscientists, computer scientists, cognitive scientists, and philosophers, The Computational Brain is written for both expert and novice. This anniversary edition offers a new preface by the authors that puts the book in the context of current research. This approach influenced a generation of researchers. Even today, when neuroscientists can routinely record from hundreds of neurons using optics rather than electricity, and the 2013 White House BRAIN initiative heralded a new era in innovative neurotechnologies, the main message of The Computational Brain is still relevant.

Computational Cognitive Neuroscience

Yuko Munakata,Michael Frank,Thomas Hazy
Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : Yuko Munakata,Michael Frank,Thomas Hazy
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798633570106

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Computational Cognitive Neuroscience by Yuko Munakata,Michael Frank,Thomas Hazy Pdf

Introduction to computer modeling of the brain, to understand how people think. Networks of interacting neurons produce complex emergent behavior including perception, attention, motor control, learning, memory, language, and executive functions (motivation, decision making, planning, etc).

Gateway to Memory

Mark A. Gluck,Catherine E. Myers
Gateway to Memory Book PDF

Author : Mark A. Gluck,Catherine E. Myers
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 470 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Hippocampus (Brain)
ISBN : 0262571528

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Gateway to Memory by Mark A. Gluck,Catherine E. Myers Pdf

This book is for students and researchers who have a specific interest in learning and memory and want to understand how computational models can be integrated into experimental research on the hippocampus and learning. It emphasizes the function of brain structures as they give rise to behavior, rather than the molecular or neuronal details. It also emphasizes the process of modeling, rather than the mathematical details of the models themselves. The book is divided into two parts. The first part provides a tutorial introduction to topics in neuroscience, the psychology of learning and memory, and the theory of neural network models. The second part, the core of the book, reviews computational models of how the hippocampus cooperates with other brain structures -- including the entorhinal cortex, basal forebrain, cerebellum, and primary sensory and motor cortices -- to support learning and memory in both animals and humans. The book assumes no prior knowledge of computational modeling or mathematics. For those who wish to delve more deeply into the formal details of the models, there are optional "mathboxes" and appendices. The book also includes extensive references and suggestions for further readings.

Computational Neuroscience: Theoretical Insights into Brain Function

Paul Cisek,Trevor Drew,John Kalaska
Computational Neuroscience Theoretical Insights into Brain Function Book PDF

Author : Paul Cisek,Trevor Drew,John Kalaska
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 570 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2007-11-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080555020

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Computational Neuroscience: Theoretical Insights into Brain Function by Paul Cisek,Trevor Drew,John Kalaska Pdf

Computational neuroscience is a relatively new but rapidly expanding area of research which is becoming increasingly influential in shaping the way scientists think about the brain. Computational approaches have been applied at all levels of analysis, from detailed models of single-channel function, transmembrane currents, single-cell electrical activity, and neural signaling to broad theories of sensory perception, memory, and cognition. This book provides a snapshot of this exciting new field by bringing together chapters on a diversity of topics from some of its most important contributors. This includes chapters on neural coding in single cells, in small networks, and across the entire cerebral cortex, visual processing from the retina to object recognition, neural processing of auditory, vestibular, and electromagnetic stimuli, pattern generation, voluntary movement and posture, motor learning, decision-making and cognition, and algorithms for pattern recognition. Each chapter provides a bridge between a body of data on neural function and a mathematical approach used to interpret and explain that data. These contributions demonstrate how computational approaches have become an essential tool which is integral in many aspects of brain science, from the interpretation of data to the design of new experiments, and to the growth of our understanding of neural function. • Includes contributions by some of the most influential people in the field of computational neuroscience • Demonstrates how computational approaches are being used today to interpret experimental data • Covers a wide range of topics from single neurons, to neural systems, to abstract models of learning

Discovering the Brain

National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman
Discovering the Brain Book PDF

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309045292

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Discovering the Brain by National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman Pdf

The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

Memory Makes The Brain: The Biological Machinery That Uses Experiences To Shape Individual Brains

Christian Hansel
Memory Makes The Brain The Biological Machinery That Uses Experiences To Shape Individual Brains Book PDF

Author : Christian Hansel
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2021-01-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811228827

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Memory Makes The Brain: The Biological Machinery That Uses Experiences To Shape Individual Brains by Christian Hansel Pdf

The development of the young brain after birth and the emergence of cognitive capacities, mind, and individuality rest on the maturation of a dense net of synaptic connections between neurons. Memory Makes the Brain describes the dramatic, competitive elimination of surplus synapses that occur in the young, maturing brain — in a process called synaptic pruning that was discovered by pediatric neurologist Peter Huttenlocher in the 1970's at the University of Chicago. Explaining similarities between developmental pruning and learning processes in the adult brain, neurobiologist Christian Hansel offers a unique perspective on brain adaptation and plasticity throughout lifetime, at times weaving in personal accounts and memories. The cellular plasticity machinery that enables learning is known to be affected in brain developmental disorders such as autism. Memory Makes the Brain explains how both maturation and adult synaptic plasticity are deregulated in autism, and how we begin to trace back autism-typical behavioral abnormalities to such synaptopathies.

Computing the Mind

Shimon Edelman
Computing the Mind Book PDF

Author : Shimon Edelman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 640 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2008-09-08
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 019971763X

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Computing the Mind by Shimon Edelman Pdf

In a culmination of humanity's millennia-long quest for self knowledge, the sciences of the mind are now in a position to offer concrete, empirically validated answers to the most fundamental questions about human nature. What does it mean to be a mind? How is the mind related to the brain? How are minds shaped by their embodiment and environment? What are the principles behind cognitive functions such as perception, memory, language, thought, and consciousness? By analyzing the tasks facing any sentient being that is subject to stimulation and a pressure to act, Shimon Edelman identifies computation as the common denominator in the emerging answers to all these questions. Any system composed of elements that exchange signals with each other and occasionally with the rest of the world can be said to be engaged in computation. A brain composed of neurons is one example of a system that computes, and the computations that the neurons collectively carry out constitute the brain's mind. Edelman presents a computational account of the entire spectrum of cognitive phenomena that constitutes the mind. He begins with sentience, and uses examples from visual perception to demonstrate that it must, at its very core, be a type of computation. Throughout his account, Edelman acknowledges the human mind's biological origins. Along the way, he also demystifies traits such as creativity, language, and individual and collective consciousness, and hints at how naturally evolved minds can transcend some of their limitations by moving to computational substrates other than brains. The account that Edelman gives in this book is accessible, yet unified and rigorous, and the big picture he presents is supported by evidence ranging from neurobiology to computer science. The book should be read by anyone seeking a comprehensive and current introduction to cognitive psychology.

Working Memory

Robert Logie,Valérie Camos,Nelson Cowan
Working Memory Book PDF

Author : Robert Logie,Valérie Camos,Nelson Cowan
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2021-01-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780198842286

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Working Memory by Robert Logie,Valérie Camos,Nelson Cowan Pdf

Working memory refers to how we keep track of what we are doing moment to moment throughout our waking lives. This book brings together in one volume, state-of-the-science chapters written by the most productive and well known working memory researchers worldwide.

The Rewiring Brain

Arjen van Ooyen,Markus Butz-Ostendorf
The Rewiring Brain Book PDF

Author : Arjen van Ooyen,Markus Butz-Ostendorf
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128038727

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The Rewiring Brain by Arjen van Ooyen,Markus Butz-Ostendorf Pdf

The adult brain is not as hard-wired as traditionally thought. By modifying their small- or large-scale morphology, neurons can make new synaptic connections or break existing ones (structural plasticity). Structural changes accompany memory formation and learning, and are induced by neurogenesis, neurodegeneration and brain injury such as stroke. Exploring the role of structural plasticity in the brain can be greatly assisted by mathematical and computational models, as they enable us to bridge the gap between system-level dynamics and lower level cellular and molecular processes. However, most traditional neural network models have fixed neuronal morphologies and a static connectivity pattern, with plasticity merely arising from changes in the strength of existing synapses (synaptic plasticity). In The Rewiring Brain, the editors bring together for the first time contemporary modeling studies that investigate the implications of structural plasticity for brain function and pathology. Starting with an experimental background on structural plasticity in the adult brain, the book covers computational studies on homeostatic structural plasticity, the impact of structural plasticity on cognition and cortical connectivity, the interaction between synaptic and structural plasticity, neurogenesis-related structural plasticity, and structural plasticity in neurological disorders. Structural plasticity adds a whole new dimension to brain plasticity, and The Rewiring Brain shows how computational approaches may help to gain a better understanding of the full adaptive potential of the adult brain. The book is written for both computational and experimental neuroscientists. Reviews the current state of knowledge of structural plasticity in the adult brain Gives a comprehensive overview of computational studies on structural plasticity Provides insights into the potential driving forces of structural plasticity and the functional implications of structural plasticity for learning and memory Serves as inspiration for developing novel treatment strategies for stimulating functional repair after brain damage