Mental Disorders And Disabilities Among Low Income Children

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee to Evaluate the Supplemental Security Income Disability Program for Children with Mental Disorders
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309376884

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Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee to Evaluate the Supplemental Security Income Disability Program for Children with Mental Disorders Pdf

Children living in poverty are more likely to have mental health problems, and their conditions are more likely to be severe. Of the approximately 1.3 million children who were recipients of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) disability benefits in 2013, about 50% were disabled primarily due to a mental disorder. An increase in the number of children who are recipients of SSI benefits due to mental disorders has been observed through several decades of the program beginning in 1985 and continuing through 2010. Nevertheless, less than 1% of children in the United States are recipients of SSI disability benefits for a mental disorder. At the request of the Social Security Administration, Mental Disorders and Disability Among Low-Income Children compares national trends in the number of children with mental disorders with the trends in the number of children receiving benefits from the SSI program, and describes the possible factors that may contribute to any differences between the two groups. This report provides an overview of the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, and the levels of impairment in the U.S. population under age 18. The report focuses on 6 mental disorders, chosen due to their prevalence and the severity of disability attributed to those disorders within the SSI disability program: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, learning disabilities, and mood disorders. While this report is not a comprehensive discussion of these disorders, Mental Disorders and Disability Among Low-Income Children provides the best currently available information regarding demographics, diagnosis, treatment, and expectations for the disorder time course - both the natural course and under treatment.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on the Evaluation of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Disability Program for Children with Speech Disorders and Language Disorders
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-05-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309388757

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Speech and Language Disorders in Children by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on the Evaluation of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Disability Program for Children with Speech Disorders and Language Disorders Pdf

Speech and language are central to the human experience; they are the vital means by which people convey and receive knowledge, thoughts, feelings, and other internal experiences. Acquisition of communication skills begins early in childhood and is foundational to the ability to gain access to culturally transmitted knowledge, organize and share thoughts and feelings, and participate in social interactions and relationships. Thus, speech disorders and language disorders-disruptions in communication development-can have wide-ranging and adverse impacts on the ability to communicate and also to acquire new knowledge and fully participate in society. Severe disruptions in speech or language acquisition have both direct and indirect consequences for child and adolescent development, not only in communication, but also in associated abilities such as reading and academic achievement that depend on speech and language skills. The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program for children provides financial assistance to children from low-income, resource-limited families who are determined to have conditions that meet the disability standard required under law. Between 2000 and 2010, there was an unprecedented rise in the number of applications and the number of children found to meet the disability criteria. The factors that contribute to these changes are a primary focus of this report. Speech and Language Disorders in Children provides an overview of the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of speech and language disorders and levels of impairment in the U.S. population under age 18. This study identifies past and current trends in the prevalence and persistence of speech disorders and language disorders for the general U.S. population under age 18 and compares those trends to trends in the SSI childhood disability population.

Author : Michael T. Compton,Ruth S. Shim
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781585625178

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The Social Determinants of Mental Health by Michael T. Compton,Ruth S. Shim Pdf

The Social Determinants of Mental Health aims to fill the gap that exists in the psychiatric, scholarly, and policy-related literature on the social determinants of mental health: those factors stemming from where we learn, play, live, work, and age that impact our overall mental health and well-being. The editors and an impressive roster of chapter authors from diverse scholarly backgrounds provide detailed information on topics such as discrimination and social exclusion; adverse early life experiences; poor education; unemployment, underemployment, and job insecurity; income inequality, poverty, and neighborhood deprivation; food insecurity; poor housing quality and housing instability; adverse features of the built environment; and poor access to mental health care. This thought-provoking book offers many beneficial features for clinicians and public health professionals: Clinical vignettes are included, designed to make the content accessible to readers who are primarily clinicians and also to demonstrate the practical, individual-level applicability of the subject matter for those who typically work at the public health, population, and/or policy level. Policy implications are discussed throughout, designed to make the content accessible to readers who work primarily at the public health or population level and also to demonstrate the policy relevance of the subject matter for those who typically work at the clinical level. All chapters include five to six key points that focus on the most important content, helping to both prepare the reader with a brief overview of the chapter's main points and reinforce the "take-away" messages afterward. In addition to the main body of the book, which focuses on selected individual social determinants of mental health, the volume includes an in-depth overview that summarizes the editors' and their colleagues' conceptualization, as well as a final chapter coauthored by Dr. David Satcher, 16th Surgeon General of the United States, that serves as a "Call to Action," offering specific actions that can be taken by both clinicians and policymakers to address the social determinants of mental health. The editors have succeeded in the difficult task of balancing the individual/clinical/patient perspective and the population/public health/community point of view, while underscoring the need for both groups to work in a unified way to address the inequities in twenty-first century America. The Social Determinants of Mental Health gives readers the tools to understand and act to improve mental health and reduce risk for mental illnesses for individuals and communities. Students preparing for the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) will also benefit from this book, as the MCAT in 2015 will test applicants' knowledge of social determinants of health. The social determinants of mental health are not distinct from the social determinants of physical health, although they deserve special emphasis given the prevalence and burden of poor mental health.

Author : Valerie Maholmes, Ph.D., CAS Ph.D.,Rosalind B. King, Ph.D.
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199772964

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The Oxford Handbook of Poverty and Child Development by Valerie Maholmes, Ph.D., CAS Ph.D.,Rosalind B. King, Ph.D. Pdf

Over 15 million children live in families subsisting below the federal poverty level, and there are nearly 4 million more children living in poverty today than in the turn of the 21st century. When compared to their more affluent counterparts, children living in fragile circumstances-including homeless children, children in foster care, and children living in families affected by chronic physical or mental health problems-are more likely to have low academic achievement, to drop out of school, and to have health and behavioral problems. The Oxford Handbook of Poverty and Child Development provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms through which socioeconomic, cultural, familial, and community-level factors impact the early and long-term cognitive, neurobiological, socio-emotional, and physical development of children living in poverty. Leading contributors from various disciplines review basic and applied multidisciplinary research and propose questions and answers regarding the short and long-term impact of poverty, contexts and policies on child developmental trajectories. In addition, the book features analyses involving diverse children of all ages, particularly those from understudied groups (e.g. Pacific Islanders, Native Americans, immigrants) and those from understudied geographic areas (e.g., the rural U.S; international humanitarian settings). Each of the 7 sections begins with an overview of basic biological and behavioral research on child development and poverty, followed by applied analyses of contemporary issues that are currently at the heart of public debates on child health and well-being, and concluded with suggestions for policy reform. Through collaborative, interdisciplinary research, this book identifies the most pressing scientific issues involving poverty and child development, and offers new ideas and research questions that could lead us to develop a new science of research that is multidisciplinary, longitudinal, and that embraces an ecological approach to the study of child development.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Improving Health Outcomes for Children with Disabilities
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309472241

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Opportunities for Improving Programs and Services for Children with Disabilities by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Improving Health Outcomes for Children with Disabilities Pdf

Although the general public in the United States assumes children to be generally healthy and thriving, a substantial and growing number of children have at least one chronic health condition. Many of these conditions are associated with disabilities and interfere regularly with children's usual activities, such as play or leisure activities, attending school, and engaging in family or community activities. In their most severe forms, such disorders are serious lifelong threats to children's social, emotional well-being and quality of life, and anticipated adult outcomes such as for employment or independent living. However, pinpointing the prevalence of disability among children in the U.S. is difficult, as conceptual frameworks and definitions of disability vary among federal programs that provide services to this population and national surveys, the two primary sources for prevalence data. Opportunities for Improving Programs and Services for Children with Disabilities provides a comprehensive analysis of health outcomes for school-aged children with disabilities. This report reviews and assesses programs, services, and supports available to these children and their families. It also describes overarching program, service, and treatment goals; examines outreach efforts and utilization rates; identifies what outcomes are measured and how they are reported; and describes what is known about the effectiveness of these programs and services.

Author : Patrick H. Tolan,Bennett L. Leventhal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013-07-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781461475576

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Disruptive Behavior Disorders by Patrick H. Tolan,Bennett L. Leventhal Pdf

Aggressive behavior among children and adolescents has confounded parents and perplexed professionals—especially those tasked with its treatment and prevention—for countless years. As baffling as these behaviors are, however, recent advances in neuroscience focusing on brain development have helped to make increasing sense of their complexity. Focusing on their most prevalent forms, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder, Disruptive Behavior Disorders advances the understanding of DBD on a number of significant fronts. Its neurodevelopmental emphasis within an ecological approach offers links between brain structure and function and critical environmental influences and the development of these specific disorders. The book's findings and theories help to differentiate DBD within the contexts of normal development, non-pathological misbehavior and non-DBD forms of pathology. Throughout these chapters are myriad implications for accurate identification, effective intervention and future cross-disciplinary study. Key issues covered include: Gene-environment interaction models. Neurobiological processes and brain functions. Callous-unemotional traits and developmental pathways. Relationships between gender and DBD. Multiple pathways of familial transmission. Disruptive Behavior Disorders is a groundbreaking resource for researchers, scientist-practitioners and graduate students in clinical child and school psychology, psychiatry, educational psychology, prevention science, child mental health care, developmental psychology and social work.

Author : Graham Thornicroft
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2011-08-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199565498

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Oxford Textbook of Community Mental Health by Graham Thornicroft Pdf

Community mental health care has evolved as a discipline over the past 50 years, and within the past 20 years, there have been major developments across the world. The Oxford Textbook of Community Mental Health is the most comprehensive and authoritative review published in the field, written by an international and interdisciplinary team.

Author : Vikram Patel,Harry Minas,Alex Cohen,Martin Prince
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199920181

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Global Mental Health by Vikram Patel,Harry Minas,Alex Cohen,Martin Prince Pdf

This is the definitive textbook on global mental health, an emerging priority discipline within global health, which places priority on improving mental health and achieving equity in mental health for all people worldwide.

Author : Vikram Patel,Dan Chisholm,Tarun Dua,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Mari'a Lena Medina-Mora,Theo Vos
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-03-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464804281

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 4) by Vikram Patel,Dan Chisholm,Tarun Dua,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Mari'a Lena Medina-Mora,Theo Vos Pdf

Mental, neurological, and substance use disorders are common, highly disabling, and associated with significant premature mortality. The impact of these disorders on the social and economic well-being of individuals, families, and societies is large, growing, and underestimated. Despite this burden, these disorders have been systematically neglected, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, with pitifully small contributions to scaling up cost-effective prevention and treatment strategies. Systematically compiling the substantial existing knowledge to address this inequity is the central goal of this volume. This evidence-base can help policy makers in resource-constrained settings as they prioritize programs and interventions to address these disorders.

Author : Samuel O. Okpaku
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 469 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2014-02-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781107022324

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Essentials of Global Mental Health by Samuel O. Okpaku Pdf

Defines an approach to mental healthcare focused on achieving international equity in coverage, options and outcomes.

Author : UNICEF.
Publisher : UNICEF
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789280644425

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State of the World's Children by UNICEF. Pdf

On 20 November 2009, the global community celebrates the 20th anniversary of the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the unique document that sets international standards for the care, treatment and protection of all individuals below age 18. To celebrate this landmark, the United Nations Children's Fund is dedicating a special edition of its flagship report The State of the World's Children to examining the Convention's evolution, progress achieved on child rights, challenges remaining, and actions to be taken to ensure that its promise becomes a reality for all children.

Author : Nathaniel Amanze,S. Nkhoma
Publisher : African Books Collective
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2020-07-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789996060816

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Disability is not Inability by Nathaniel Amanze,S. Nkhoma Pdf

This book is about people with disabilities (PWDs) and the extraordinary talents they have that can contribute towards the world economy generally and that of Southern and Central Africa in particular. The papers selected for this book were presented at an international conference that was held at the University of Botswana from 16th to 19th October 2018. The conference was held in order to address the injustices, discrimination and exclusion that people with disabilities face in their daily life. The papers discuss the need to train families and leaders in disability awareness, for clear national policies, the funding needed to address issues that affect PWDs, inclusive education, and the need to create a conducive environment and the implementation of policies, strategies and programmes. The book also points to the importance of sharing stories and experiences of success as a strategy of empowering PDWs.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Nervous System Disorders in Developing Countries
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2001-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309170932

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Neurological, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Nervous System Disorders in Developing Countries Pdf

Brain disordersâ€"neurological, psychiatric, and developmentalâ€"now affect at least 250 million people in the developing world, and this number is expected to rise as life expectancy increases. Yet public and private health systems in developing countries have paid relatively little attention to brain disorders. The negative attitudes, prejudice, and stigma that often surround many of these disorders have contributed to this neglect. Lacking proper diagnosis and treatment, millions of individual lives are lost to disability and death. Such conditions exact both personal and economic costs on families, communities, and nations. The report describes the causes and risk factors associated with brain disorders. It focuses on six representative brain disorders that are prevalent in developing countries: developmental disabilities, epilepsy, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and stroke. The report makes detailed recommendations of ways to reduce the toll exacted by these six disorders. In broader strokes, the report also proposes six major strategies toward reducing the overall burden of brain disorders in the developing world.

Author : Stephen J. Blumberg,Matthew D. Bramlett,Michael D. Kogan,Laura A. Schieve,Jessica R. Jones,Michael C. Lu
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Autism spectrum disorders in children
ISBN : UCR:31210024293381

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Changes in Prevalence of Parent-reported Autism Spectrum Disorder in School-aged U.S. Children: 2007 to 2011-2012 by Stephen J. Blumberg,Matthew D. Bramlett,Michael D. Kogan,Laura A. Schieve,Jessica R. Jones,Michael C. Lu Pdf

Author : The Expert Panel Working Group on MAID Where a Mental Disorder Is the Sole Underlying Medical Condition
Publisher : Council of Canadian Academies
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781926522494

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The State of Knowledge on Medical Assistance in Dying Where a Mental Disorder Is the Sole Underlying Medical Condition by The Expert Panel Working Group on MAID Where a Mental Disorder Is the Sole Underlying Medical Condition Pdf

In December 2016, the CCA was asked by then Minister of Health Jane Philpott and Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada Jody Wilson-Raybould to undertake independent reviews related to medical assistance in dying (MAID). Specifically, the CCA was tasked with examining three particularly complex types of requests for MAID that were identified for further review and study in the legislation passed by Parliament in 2016: requests by mature minors, advance requests, and requests where a mental disorder is the sole underlying medical condition. On December 12, 2018 the CCA released the three final reports of the Expert Panel, one on each type of request: The State of Knowledge on Medical Assistance in Dying for Mature Minors; The State of Knowledge on Advance Requests for Medical Assistance in Dying; and The State of Knowledge on Medical Assistance in Dying Where a Mental Disorder is the Sole Underlying Medical Condition.