Methods In Membrane Biology

Author : Edward D. Korn
Publisher : Springer
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1975-03
Category : Science
ISBN : UVA:X001448166

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Methods in Membrane Biology by Edward D. Korn Pdf

Volume 3 continues the approach carried out in the first two volumes of this se ries of publishing articles on membrane methodology which include, in addition to procedural details, incisive discussions of the ap plications of the methods and of their limitations. Wh at is the theoretical basis of the method, how and to what problems can it be applied, how does one interpret the results, what has thus far been achieved by the method, what lies in the future-these are the questions the authors have tried to answer. No area of membrane biology engages the interest of more investigators than studies of the plasma membrane. Four chapters in this volume are concerned with one or more aspects of the cell surface. Fundamental to all studies of the cell surface are the isolation and characterization of pure plasma membranes. Many preparations described in the literature are inadequate or are inadequately characterized. In the first chapter, Neville discusses the theoretical and practical bases of tissue fractionation, empha sizes the variations in enzyme content among plasma membranes from different sources, offers guidance in the choice of the proper criteria for assessing membrane purity, and suggests the best markers for detecting the possible presence of contaminating organelles. To review in detail each of the many preparations of plasma membranes that have been published is impossible.

Author : William Stillwell
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080931289

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An Introduction to Biological Membranes by William Stillwell Pdf

An Introduction to Biological Membranes: From Bilayers to Rafts covers many aspects of membrane structure/function that bridges membrane biophysics and cell biology. Offering cohesive, foundational information, this publication is valuable for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and membranologists who seek a broad overview of membrane science. Brings together different facets of membrane research in a universally understandable manner Emphasis on the historical development of the field Topics include membrane sugars, membrane models, membrane isolation methods, and membrane transport.

Author : Edward D. Korn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461574224

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Methods in Membrane Biology by Edward D. Korn Pdf

Examination of the tables of contents of journals - biochemical, molecular biological, ultrastructural, and physiological-provides convincing evidence that membrane biology will be in the 1970s what biochemical genetics was in the 1960s. And for good reason. If genetics is the mechanism for main taining and transmitting the essentials of life, membranes are in many ways the essence of life. The minimal requirement for independent existence is the individualism provided by the separation of "life" from the environment. The cell exists by virtue of its surface membran~. One might define the first living organism as that stage of evolution where macromolecular catalysts or self-reproducing polymers were first segregated from the surrounding milieu by a membrane. Whether that early membrane resembled present cell membranes is irrelevant. What matters is that a membrane would have provided a mechanism for maintaining a local concentration of molecules, facilitating chemical evolution and allowing it to evolve into biochemical evolution. That or yet more primitive membranes, such as a hydrocarbon monolayer at an air-water interface, could also have provided a surface that would facilitate the aggregation and specific orientation of molecules and catalyze their interactions. If primitive membranes were much more than mere passive barriers to free diffusion, how much more is this true of the membranes of contemporary forms of life. A major revolution in biological thought has been the recogni tion that the cell, and especially the eukaryotic cell, is a bewildering maze of membranes and membranous organelles.

Author : Edward D. Korn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461589600

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Methods in Membrane Biology by Edward D. Korn Pdf

The purposes of this senes were discussed in the preface to Volume I: to present "a range of methods . . . from the physical to the physiological . . . in sufficient detail for the reader to use them in his laboratory" and also to describe "the theoretical backgrounds of the methods and their limita tions in membrane biology" so that the reader will be enabled "to evaluate more critically and to understand more fully data obtained by methods foreign to [his] usual experiences. " The chapter by Lee, Birdsall, and Metcalfe with which Volume 2 begins accomplishes these twin goals with a thorough description of the application of nuclear magnetic relaxation measurements to membrane biology together with a lucid and succinct integration of the results of such studies into present concepts of the organi zation of membrane lipids. This then permits speculation on the physical basis of membrane permeability. The powerful tool of NMR spectroscopy will have even fuller application with the development of techniques, al ready partially exploited, for l3C-Iabeling of specific carbon atoms in lipid molecules and with extension of the observations to membrane proteins. The following two chapters, by Glick and by Laine, Stellner, and Hako mori, describe the isolation and characterization of membrane glycoproteins and membrane glycolipids, respectively.

Author : Edward Korn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461340362

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Methods in Membrane Biology by Edward Korn Pdf

Many of the methods now in general use in membrane biology, and not already discussed in satisfactory detail elsewhere, have been covered in the eight previously published volumes of this series. Much of this ninth volume is occupied by one authoritative chapter, an unusually thorough and critical review of a relatively new and highly specialized technology that has gained rapid acceptance: immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. These are powerful experimental tools applicable in fields much broader than membrane research and employing methods drawn from widely diverse disciplines such as organic chemistry, protein chemistry, immunology, and fluorescence and electron microscopy. The temptation to use these super ficially, and deceptively, simple but fundamentally complex methods un critically is almost overwhelming. The chapter by de Petris, a pioneer in the field, is as necessary as it is rigorous, and it should long be the standard in this area of research. The second chapter in this volume is a more specialized review by Matus of the procedures for the preparation and characterization of the highly differentiated junctional regions of brain plasma membranes. These methods are central to the rapidly growing field of neurobiochemistry membrane biochemistry at perhaps its most intricate.

Author : Edward D. Korn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781475758207

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Methods in Membrane Biology by Edward D. Korn Pdf

The contributions of electron microscopy to membrane biology have been indispensable and, at the same time, disappointing. Membranes were known to exist before the advent of electron microscopy and general principles of their composition and molecular organization had been deduced from permeability and electrical conductivity measurements, polarized light microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. On the other hand, the complexities of the many intracellular membranes and membranous organelles were really not suspected until they were observed by the electron microscopist. One then had further hopes that the high resolution of the electron microscope (theoretically it can resolve atomic distances) would allow the visualization of the molecular architecture of membranes and lead directly to an under standing of structure and function at the molecular level. This expectation has been largely unrealized. Because of the great difficulties encountered in the preparation of biological material, because of the uncertainty of the chemistry of "staining," and because of numerous electron optical artifacts, it has been a major challenge just to rationalize the observed images in terms of the known facts, let alone to utilize the images to expand our knowledge of the molecular structure of biological membranes. The many differences among membranes with respect to function and composition are lost in the universal trilamellar image. Perhaps the one major exception to this, and the major structural contribution of electron microscopy at the molecular level, has come from freeze-etch electron microscopy.

Author : Edward D. Korn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468429107

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Methods in Membrane Biology by Edward D. Korn Pdf

Although not the only volume in this series in which lipids are discussed, the present volume is devoted entirely to methods for the study of membrane lipids. Even now, when membrane proteins are properly receiving so much attention, this emphasis on membrane lipids is appropriate. Essentially all of the phospholipids and sterols of cells are in membranes. Moreover, although membrane proteins are certainly of utmost importance, the more we learn about the functional properties of membrane proteins, the more we appreciate the unique features of phospholipids, without which biological membranes would be impossible. The hydrophobic-hydrophilic duality of phospholipids allows, indeed requires, their association, in an aqueous environment, into an essentially two-dimensional membrane-only molec ularly thick in one dimension but relatively infinite in the other two; a structure composed of small molecules, not covalently linked, and therefore, infinitely mobile and variable, but yet a structure with great stability and one largely impermeable to most biomolecules. These membrane-forming properties are shared by many amphipathic polar lipids-phospholipids, glycolipids, and sphingolipids-that differ significantly from each other in the nature of their polar head groups and their fatty acids. These variations in structure allow a range of specific interactions among membrane lipids and between lipids and proteins and also provide for membranes of variable, but controlled, fluidity. In this way, phospholipids provide an appropriate milieu for functional membrane proteins and also significantly modulate their catalytic activities.

Author : Edward D. Korn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781475758177

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Methods in Membrane Biology by Edward D. Korn Pdf

Less than a year before this writing, a Nobel Prize was shared by Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, and George Palade, pioneers in the development of modern cell biology, of which membrane biology is an integral part. For many years, a seemingly unbridgeable gap separated the physiologist working at the organ level from the biochemist studying the molecular composition of cell constituents and the chemical reactions that occur in water-soluble extracts of cells. Physiology has a long history, and the disciplines epitomized by intermediary metabolism and molecular biology progressed rapidly during the 1950s and 1960s. Meanwhile, electron micros copists painstakingly mapped the newly discovered intracellular world of membranes, organelles, microtubules, and microfilaments, and other scien tists developed techniques for the quantitative separation and characteriza tion of these intracellular structures. Thus it finally became possible to localize the many enzymes, and the metabolic activities they catalyze, to recognizable structures whose composition and organization can be studied. We are now well on our way to bridging that gap between biochemistry and physiology-to understanding how the cell functions.

Author : Edward D. Korn
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Membranes (Biology)
ISBN : OCLC:277187535

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Methods in Membrane Biology by Edward D. Korn Pdf

Author : Edward D. Korn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781475702651

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Methods in Membrane Biology by Edward D. Korn Pdf

Volume 3 continues the approach carried out in the first two volumes of this se ries of publishing articles on membrane methodology which include, in addition to procedural details, incisive discussions of the ap plications of the methods and of their limitations. Wh at is the theoretical basis of the method, how and to what problems can it be applied, how does one interpret the results, what has thus far been achieved by the method, what lies in the future-these are the questions the authors have tried to answer. No area of membrane biology engages the interest of more investigators than studies of the plasma membrane. Four chapters in this volume are concerned with one or more aspects of the cell surface. Fundamental to all studies of the cell surface are the isolation and characterization of pure plasma membranes. Many preparations described in the literature are inadequate or are inadequately characterized. In the first chapter, Neville discusses the theoretical and practical bases of tissue fractionation, empha sizes the variations in enzyme content among plasma membranes from different sources, offers guidance in the choice of the proper criteria for assessing membrane purity, and suggests the best markers for detecting the possible presence of contaminating organelles. To review in detail each of the many preparations of plasma membranes that have been published is impossible.

Author : Edward D. Korn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468409857

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Methods in Membrane Biology by Edward D. Korn Pdf

Three articles make up Volume 10 of Methods in Membrane Biology. In the first of these, Papahadjopoulos, Poste, and Vail extensively review much of the available data on the fusion of natural membranes, model membranes (liposomes), and natural membranes with liposomes. The authors are led by their review of the experimental methods and their interpretations of the results obtained to a general theory of membrane fusion which they believe is applicable to all systems that have been studied. Arguing that although protein and carbohydrate may serve, in some cases, to bring membranes into sufficiently close proximity for fusion to occur and, in other cases, to remove peripheral and integral proteins from the regions that are to undergo fusion, the authors conclude that membrane fusion per se is solely a property of the lipid bilayer. In their view, all the experimental observations to date can be subsumed under a unifying hypothesis in which membrane fusion is the result of a phase separation in one-half of the membrane bilayer brought about by the interaction - of calcium ions with acidic phospholipids, mostly phosphatidylserine. Where half-membranes already contain sufficient acidic phospholipids, a local increase in calcium ion concentration may suffice to induce fusion (examples might include exocytosis and fusion of intracellular membrane systems). In other cases, natural or experimentally induced events preceding fusion might be necessary to increase the local concentration of the acidic phospholipids in the half-membrane (virus-or fusogenic agent-induced cell-to-cell fusion, or endocytosis, for example).

Author : Edward D. Korn
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1475758189

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Methods in Membrane Biology by Edward D. Korn Pdf

Author : Bruce Alberts
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Cytology
ISBN : 0815332181

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Molecular Biology of The Cell by Bruce Alberts Pdf

Author : Doron Rapaport,Johannes M. Herrmann
Publisher : Humana
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 149396304X

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Membrane Biogenesis by Doron Rapaport,Johannes M. Herrmann Pdf

Membrane proteins and membrane lipids form complex interactive systems that are highly dynamic and able to be studied only by combinations of different in vivo and in vitro techniques. In Membrane Biogenesis: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field present a broad collection of methods to study the biogenesis and function of cellular membranes. Beginning with how membrane lipids or membrane proteins can be studied, this detailed volume continues with sections covering different procedures to investigate the interaction of membrane proteins among each other or with membrane lipids, methods to study the biogenesis of membrane proteins and the dynamics of organelles, as well as protocols for the analyses of the functions or complex organization of membrane proteins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Extensive and easily applicable, Membrane Biogenesis: Methods and Protocols provides readers with a comprehensive but still concise collection including both basic protocols of rather general application and more specialized methods for specific and novel techniques.

Author : Edward Korn
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1978-02-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1461340373

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Methods in Membrane Biology by Edward Korn Pdf