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Methods And Techniques In Plant Physiology by A. Bhattacharya,Vijay Laxmi Pdf
Techniques related to various physiological phenomenon are subject of tremendous interest and importance to plant physiologist, agronomist, horticulturist, ecologist, and biochemists. This book is intended to provide recognized methods related various plant processes in a comprehensive form. Techniques on crop physiology such as hydroponics and plant nutrition, test for various stresses, water potential and water flow in plants, canopy gas measurements (Photosynthesis, Respiration and Transpiration), basic equations for growth studies and methods for estimations of plant products, microclimate. Efforts were also made to incorporate the topic like Climate Change and theory of phytotron as well as rhizotron in this book. The book will make the reader familiar with latest procedure to elucidate the problems. The validity of the results based on fundamentals principles of physics. This book is meant to be used in conjunction with a standard text of plant physiology though elementary principles relating to the techniques are briefed. The subjects on hormones, tissue culture and seed technology are useful for students. Hope this book shall serve the need of students, teachers and researchers.
Practical Plant Physiology by Frederick Keeble,M. C. Rayner Pdf
First published in 1910, “Practical Plant Physiology” is an accessible guide to elementary botany. Originally designed for students and teachers, it offers an introductory outline of the experiments and experimental methods used in botany and plant investigation, as well as other useful information related to the subject. This volume will be of considerable utility to those with an interest in plants and botany, and it would make for a fantastic addition to collections of allied literature. Contents include: “The Problem of Plant-Physiology and the Method by which They are to be Solved”, “Germination”, “The Mode of Germination of Seeds”, “The Parts of the Seed and Seedling”, “The Resting and Active States of Seeds”, “The Food-Materials of Seeds”, “Changes During Germination”, etc. Many vintage books such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive. It is with this in mind that we are republishing this volume now complete with a specially-commissioned new introduction on botany.
Methods and Techniques in Plant Physiology by Cornelio Losa Pdf
Plants are loved by lots of people - in our homes, on our tables as foods, and in hundreds of products we use every day. Plants have many different usages. But how do plants develop from seeds, and how do they grow? This is where plant physiology comes into play. Plant physiology is the study of how different parts of plants function. It includes many aspects of plant life, including nutrition, movement, and growth. Fundamental processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function and transpiration, both parts of plant water relations, are studied by plant physiologists. Plant physiology includes the study of biological and chemical processes of individual plant cells. Plant cells have a number of features that distinguish them from cells of animals, and which lead to major differences in the way that plant life behaves and responds differently from animal life. This book explores how plant physiology helps us to understand the many functions and behaviors of plants. Methods and Techniques in Plant Physiology is dedicated to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, genetics, biophysics, and environmental biology of plants. Techniques related to various physiological phenomenon are focus of tremendous interest and importance to plant physiologist, agronomist, horticulturist, ecologist, and biochemists.
Plant Physiological Ecology by R. Pearcey,H.A. Mooney,P.W. Rundel Pdf
Physiological plant ecology is primarily concerned with the function and performance of plants in their environment. Within this broad focus, attempts are made on one hand to understand the underlying physiological, biochemical and molecular attributes of plants with respect to performance under the constraints imposed by the environment. On the other hand physiological ecology is also concerned with a more synthetic view which attempts to under stand the distribution and success of plants measured in terms of the factors that promote long-term survival and reproduction in the environment. These concerns are not mutually exclusive but rather represent a continuum of research approaches. Osmond et al. (1980) have elegantly pointed this out in a space-time scale showing that the concerns of physiological ecology range from biochemical and organelle-scale events with time constants of a second or minutes to succession and evolutionary-scale events involving communities and ecosystems and thousands, if not millions, of years. The focus of physiological ecology is typically at the single leaf or root system level extending up to the whole plant. The time scale is on the order of minutes to a year. The activities of individual physiological ecologists extend in one direction or the other, but few if any are directly concerned with the whole space-time scale. In their work, however, they must be cognizant both of the underlying mechanisms as well as the consequences to ecological and evolutionary processes.
Modern Methods in Plant Physiology by G. C. Srivastava Pdf
The latest and most commonly used methods of assay of important enzymes associated with carbon, nitrogen, protein and lipid metabolism. Estimation of various plant pigments and micro and macro elements. Quantification of plant hormones like IAA, ABA, GA and Ethylene. Techniques of DNA and RNA estimation, Slab Gel Electrophoresis and Western Blot analysis of plant proteins. Methods to study plant biomass and plant-water relationship. Methods to measure photosynthesis and respiration. Method for preparation of common buffe Working principles and operation techniques of a few analytical equipments like Infra-Red Gas Analyzer (IRGA), Gas Liquid Chromatograph (GLC), Psychrometer, Pressure bomb/pressure chamber, flame photometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Leaf Area Meter and Oxygen electrode. This book is useful for students in botany, plant physiology, biochemistry, horticulture, agronomy and other cognate disciplines and other research workers.
Physiology, Growth and Development of Plants in Culture by P.J. Lumsden,J.R. Nicholas,W.J. Davies Pdf
Over recent years, progress in micropropagation has not been as rapid as many expected and, even now, relatively few crops are produced commercially. One reason for this is that the biology of material growing in vitro has been insufficiently understood for modifications to standard methods to be made based on sound physiological principles. However, during the past decade, tissue culture companies and others have invested considerable effort to reduce the empirical nature of the production process. The idea of the conference `Physiology, Growth and Development of Plants and Cells in Culture' (Lancaster, 1992) was to introduce specialists in different areas of plant physiology to micropropagators, with the express aims of disseminating as wide a range of information to as large a number of participants as possible, and beginning new discussions on the constraints and potentials affecting the development of in vitro plant production methods. This book is based on presentations from the conference and has been divided into two main sections, dealing with either aspects of the in vitro environment -- light, nutrients, water, gas -- or with applied aspects of the culture process -- morphogenesis, acclimation, rejuvenation, contamination.
Plant Analysis : Comprehensive Methods And Protocols by B.K. Garg Pdf
The book `Plant Analysis: Comprehensive Methods and Protocols' is a complete laboratory manual for analytical methods and techniques in the field of Agriculture, Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and related Plant Sciences. Right from nutrient analysis in plants, it covers estimations of macromolecules, such as amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids and metabolites of fatty acid metabolism. Protocols for the assay of various enzymes of nitrogen metabolism, ammonia assimilation, photosynthetic CO2-fixation, reactive oxygen species, carbohydrate, phosphorus and energy metabolism have been elucidated in the book. Special emphasis has also been given to techniques on specific topics such as Electrophoresis, Molecular Biology, Histo-enzymology, Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation and assay of plant growth hormones. Thus the present book is one stop solution for all important techniques and analytical methods for students and research workers engaged in plant sciences and agricultural research.
Research Methods in Plant Sciences: Allelopathy Vol. 5(Plant Physiology) by S.S. Narwal,B. Politycka,C.L. Goswami Pdf
Allelopathy is a new field of science, as the term Allelopathy was coined by Prof. Hans Molisch, a German Plant Physiologist in 1937. However, no standard methods are being used by various workers due to lack of compendium on the Techniques, hence, the results obtained are not easily comparable with each others. Till now lot of allelopathy resech has been done in various fields of Agricultural and Plant Sciences. However, there is no compilation of various Research Methods used. Every scientist is conducting research in his own way. It is causing lot of problems to researchers working in underdeveloped/Third World Countries in small towns without Library facilities. Therefore, to make available the standard methods for conducting allelopathy research independently, this multi-volume book has been planned. Since allelopathy is multi-disciplinary area of research, hence, volumes have been planned for each discipline. Prof. S.S. Narwal has planned this multi-volume Book Research Methods in Plant Sciences : Allelopathy. Three volumes (Volume 1. Soil Analysis, Volume 2. Plant Protection and Volume 3. Plant Pathogens) of this Book were released during the IV. International Allelopathy Conference, August 23-25, 2004 at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, India. Volumes 4. Plant Analysis and Volume 5. Plant Physiology will be released in November, 2006. Three volumes (Volume 6. Cell Diagnostics, Volume 7. Chemistry Methods and Volume 8. Weed Studies) are under preparation. This volume of 28 Chapters, is divided into 7 Sections. Section I. Seed Physiology, includes 5 chapters describing the structure of seed, optimum conditions for seed germination, physiological and biochemical changes at cellular level. Section II. Growth and Development, describes leaf area, growth indices, senescence and abscission. Allelochemicals, present in soil or plant, can create chemical stress which may change the plant water status, plasma membrane properties, chlorophyll stability and waxes present on the organ surface. Methods to determine all these parameters are described in next 4 chapters in Section III. Stress Physiology. These sites can be explored by estimating chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosystems I and II activity, carbon dioxide exchange rate, activity of CO2 fixing enzymes, intermediate metabolite level, photosynthate partitioning, respiration and finally the crop growth dynamics. Methods to determine extent of all these sites are explained in 7 chapters in Section IV. Gas Exchange Processes. The main cause of changed physiological process is at the gene level, for which estimation of nucleic acids is very critical. It is briefly explained in section V. Biochemical Estimation. Section VI. Microtomy and Histochemistry, has 7 chapters. Basic procedure to process the test plant material for microtomy, use of light and electron microscopy to study cellular changes, measurement of cellular dimensions, stomatal index and frequency, pollen viability and in vivo pollen germination and histochemical localization of important enzymes and metabolites are the core topics. Currently, tissue cultures are commonly used to study the precise effect of allelochemicals on callus growth and differentiation. To achieve these objectives techniques of tissue cultures is described under section VI. Tissue Culture.
Measurement Techniques in Plant Science by Yasushi Hashimoto,Hiroshi Nonami,Paul J. Kramer,Boyd R. Strain Pdf
Any explanation of the physiological ecology of plant growth--why plants survive in particular environments--requires the measurement of the effects of environmental factors. This book reviews the history, development, and current status of instruments and measurement techniques that have been particularly useful in field studies of plant physiological ecology. It will be of interest to researchers and students in plant physiology and biochemistry, crop scientists, horticulturalists, and foresters. Miniaturized, portable gas exchange measurement systems Permanent field installation for transportationo measurements Automated plant-water sensing system Use of chlorophyll fluorescence for screening of tolerant genotypes
Handbook of Plant Ecophysiology Techniques by M. J. Reigosa Roger Pdf
The Handbook of Plant Ecophysiology Techniques you have now in your hands is the result of several combined events and efforts. The birth of this handbook can be traced as far as 1997, when our Plant Ecophysiology lab at the University of Vigo hosted a practical course on Plant Ecophysiology Techniques. That course showed us how much useful a handbook presenting a bunch of techniques would be for the scientists beginning to work on Plant Ecophysiology. In fact, we wrote a short handbook explaining the basics of the techniques taught in that 1997 course: Flow cytometry to measure ploidy levels, Use of a Steady-State porometer to measure transpiration, In vivo measure of fluorescence, HPLC analysis of low molecular weight phenolics, Spectrophotometric determinations of free proline and soluble proteins, TLC polyamines contents measures, Isoenzymatic electrophoresis, Use of IRGA and oxygen electrode. That modest handbook, written in Spanish, was very helpful, both for the people who attended the course and for other who have used it for beginning to work in Plant Ecophysiology. The present Handbook is much more ambitious, and it includes more techniques. But we have also had in mind the young scientists beginning to work on Plant Ecophysiology. In 1999 François Pellissier leaded a proposal presented to the European Commission in the Fifth Framework Program in the High Level * Scientific Conferences, including three EuroLab Courses about lab and field techniques useful to improve allelopathic research.
The Books Has Been Divided Into Fourteen Chapters. Volume 1 Chapter 1: The Plant Cell Describe The Cell Wall, The Protoplasm And The Vacuole Or Cell Sap; Chapter 2: Solutions And Membranes In Relation To The Plant Cell Describe The Solutions And Membranes; Chapter 3: The Roots Of Plants Describe The Influence Of Environment On Roots, The Extent Of Root Systems, The Weight Of Roots, Root Hairs, Excretions Of Roots And Beneficial And Toxic Effects Of Roots; Chapter 4: The Intake Of Water By Plants Describe The Sources Of The Plants Water Supply, Wilting Coefficient And Entrance Of Water Into The Root; Chapter 5: The Intake Of Solutes By The Plant Describe Mode Of Entrance Of Solutes, Factors That Affect The Absorption Ratio, The Unequal Absorption Of Ions, Transpiration And The Intake Of Salts, Nutrient Solutions And Antagonism And Balanced Solutions; Chapter 6: The Elements Absorbed By The Plant Describe The Number And Kind, Form, Essential Vs. Unessential Elements, Occurrence And Function And The Elemental Requirements And The Age Of The Plant. Volume 2 Chapter 7: The Loss Of Water From Plants Describe The General Need Of Water By Plants, The Evaporation Of Water From Plants Transpiration, The Loss Of Water From Plants In The Liquid Form Guttation; Chapter 8: The Formation Of Carbohydrates By The Green Plant Describe The Synthetic Power Of The Green Plant, The Carbohydrate Of The Green Plant And Photosynthesis; Chapter 9: The Nitrogen Metabolism Of The Green Plant Describe The General Relation Of Nitrogen To The Plant, Sources Of Nitrogen Supply Of Plant, The Proteins Of The Green Plant, Nitrogen Bases In Plants, Loss Of Nitrogen From Plants And Carbon/Nitrogen Relations; Chapter 10: The Fat Metabolism Of The Green Plant Describe The Fatty Substances In Plants, Crude Lipides; Chapter 11: The Process Of Digestion In The Green Plant Describe Foods Of The Green Plant, Nature Of Digestion, Enzymes And A Comparison Of Digestion In Plants And Animals; Volume 3 Chapter 12: The Translocation Of Materials In Plants Describe The Need Of Translocation, Tissues Concerned And Movement Of Materials; Chapter 13: The Process Of Respiration In Plants And The Last Chapter 14: The Process Of Growth In Plants Describes The Nature Of Growth, Stages In The Growth Of A Plant Cell, Growth Of Plant Organs, Nature Of Growth Curves, Periodic Elongation, Growth-Promoting And Growth-Inhibiting Substances, Dormant Or Resting Periods And Factors Affecting Growth Of Plants. The Book Has Been Written In Such Form As To Be Available As A Text For Upper-Classmen And Graduate Students And At The Same Time To Be Sufficiently Comprehensive As A Reference Book For Investigators In Plant Physiology.
