Microgravity And Vision Impairments In Astronauts

Author : Erik Seedhouse
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3319178717

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Microgravity and Vision Impairments in Astronauts by Erik Seedhouse Pdf

Recent missions on board the International Space Station have revealed previously unreported physiological consequences of long duration space flight, particularly in eyesight, and in this Brief Dr. Seedhouse reviews the existing theories on what causes this degeneration and how long it will last. Notably, 60% of long-duration crews have reported subjective degradation in vision, a clear indication that further study is necessary before astronauts embark on even longer-term space missions. Decreased near-visual acuity was reported in 46% of ISS/Mir crewmembers, resulting in a change of up to 2 dioptres in their refractive correction. It is possible that ophthalmic changes have been present since the first days of spaceflight, but had been attributed to other causes; this approach to the issue as well as other hypotheses are all presented in full to give a broad foundation of the existing knowledge on the topic. The changes have occurred at various times during a mission with varying degrees of visual degradation. Some cases resolved on return to Earth, but several crewmembers have not regained pre-flight visual acuity, indicating the damage may be permanent. One explanation of the syndrome has been attributed to hyperopic shift due to aging, but onboard analysis techniques, including visual acuity assessments, retinal imagery, and ultrasound examination of the eye, has led to the acceptance of a wider syndrome. In addition to vision changes, studies have reported flattening of the globe, swelling of the optic disc (papilledema), choroidal folds in the retina, swelling of the optic nerve sheath, and visual field defects. It is widely hypothesized that this spectrum of symptoms may be explained by an elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP). Establishing the provenance of this medical problem, monitoring its occurrence and resolving the symptoms for future long term space missions is a key challenge for space medicine. With this book, readers have an entry point for understanding the full scope of the problem and its possible origins.

Author : Brandon R. Macias,John Hk Liu,Alan R. Hargens,Christian Otto
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9814667102

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Intracranial Pressure and Its Effect on Vision in Space and on Earth by Brandon R. Macias,John Hk Liu,Alan R. Hargens,Christian Otto Pdf

Fluid distribution during spaceflight and impact on brain and vision health is an emerging field of high-priority research in the NASA human space program. International Space Station astronauts have developed ocular refraction changes during prolonged spaceflight. Within this book, experts review current data related to fluid shifts during microgravity exposure and the impact of fluid shifts on astronaut health. This work also compares current astronaut health problems with Earth-based health conditions such as elevated intracranial pressure and glaucoma. Chapters include discussion of altered fluid distribution, including intracellular and extracellular fluid shifts, eye morphology and vision disturbances, and intraocular pressure. In addition, chapters will include a discussion of advanced non-invasive technologies to investigate the abovementioned fluid volume and pressure variables. As such, the book aims to bridge health professionals, researchers, and science professionals by a presentation of ophthalmology topics critical to future human space exploration, thus providing new perspectives to solve emerging brain and eye disease on Earth and in Space.

Author : Alan R. Hargens,Brandon R. Macias,John H. K. Liu,Christian Otto
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : MEDICAL
ISBN : 9814667110

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Intracranial Pressure and Its Effect on Vision in Space and on Earth by Alan R. Hargens,Brandon R. Macias,John H. K. Liu,Christian Otto Pdf

"Fluid distribution during spaceflight and impact on brain and vision health is an emerging field of high-priority research in the NASA human space program. International Space Station astronauts have developed ocular refraction changes during prolonged spaceflight. Within this book, experts review current data related to fluid shifts during microgravity exposure and the impact of fluid shifts on astronaut health.This work also compares current astronaut health problems with Earth-based health conditions such as elevated intracranial pressure and glaucoma. Chapters include discussion of altered fluid distribution, including intracellular and extracellular fluid shifts, eye morphology and vision disturbances, and intraocular pressure. In addition, chapters will include a discussion of advanced non-invasive technologies to investigate the abovementioned fluid volume and pressure variables.As such, the book aims to bridge health professionals, researchers, and science professionals by a presentation of ophthalmology topics critical to future human space exploration, thus providing new perspectives to solve emerging brain and eye disease on Earth and in Space"--

Author : Erik Seedhouse
Publisher : Springer
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015-09-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319178707

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Microgravity and Vision Impairments in Astronauts by Erik Seedhouse Pdf

Recent missions on board the International Space Station have revealed previously unreported physiological consequences of long duration space flight, particularly in eyesight, and in this Brief Dr. Seedhouse reviews the existing theories on what causes this degeneration and how long it will last. Notably, 60% of long-duration crews have reported subjective degradation in vision, a clear indication that further study is necessary before astronauts embark on even longer-term space missions. Decreased near-visual acuity was reported in 46% of ISS/Mir crewmembers, resulting in a change of up to 2 dioptres in their refractive correction. It is possible that ophthalmic changes have been present since the first days of spaceflight, but had been attributed to other causes; this approach to the issue as well as other hypotheses are all presented in full to give a broad foundation of the existing knowledge on the topic. The changes have occurred at various times during a mission with varying degrees of visual degradation. Some cases resolved on return to Earth, but several crewmembers have not regained pre-flight visual acuity, indicating the damage may be permanent. One explanation of the syndrome has been attributed to hyperopic shift due to aging, but onboard analysis techniques, including visual acuity assessments, retinal imagery, and ultrasound examination of the eye, has led to the acceptance of a wider syndrome. In addition to vision changes, studies have reported flattening of the globe, swelling of the optic disc (papilledema), choroidal folds in the retina, swelling of the optic nerve sheath, and visual field defects. It is widely hypothesized that this spectrum of symptoms may be explained by an elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP). Establishing the provenance of this medical problem, monitoring its occurrence and resolving the symptoms for future long term space missions is a key challenge for space medicine. With this book, readers have an entry point for understanding the full scope of the problem and its possible origins.

Author : Brandon R Macias,John HK Liu,Christian Otto,Alan R Hargens
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2017-06-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789814667128

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Intracranial Pressure And Its Effect On Vision In Space And On Earth: Vision Impairment In Space by Brandon R Macias,John HK Liu,Christian Otto,Alan R Hargens Pdf

Fluid distribution during spaceflight and impact on brain and vision health is an emerging field of high-priority research in the NASA human space program. International Space Station astronauts have developed ocular refraction changes during prolonged spaceflight. Within this book, experts review current data related to fluid shifts during microgravity exposure and the impact of fluid shifts on astronaut health. This work also compares current astronaut health problems with Earth-based health conditions such as elevated intracranial pressure and glaucoma. Chapters include discussion of altered fluid distribution, including intracellular and extracellular fluid shifts, eye morphology and vision disturbances, and intraocular pressure. In addition, chapters will include a discussion of advanced non-invasive technologies to investigate the abovementioned fluid volume and pressure variables. As such, the book aims to bridge health professionals, researchers, and science professionals by a presentation of ophthalmology topics critical to future human space exploration, thus providing new perspectives to solve emerging brain and eye disease on Earth and in Space.

Author : Erik Seedhouse
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2024-07-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031556043

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Commercial Astronauts by Erik Seedhouse Pdf

Author : Erik Seedhouse
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 323 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030528591

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Life Support Systems for Humans in Space by Erik Seedhouse Pdf

Life support systems are an integral part of crewed spacecraft designs and habitation systems. This textbook introduces the LSS capabilities that sustain humans who live and work in space, and it is written at a level appropriate for both undergraduate and postgraduate students. The book begins with the basics of space physiology before detailing the features that make up different kinds of life support systems. It includes concise descriptions of how atmospheric pressure is monitored, how oxygen levels are maintained, how waste management is achieved and how water is recycled, and also describes the processes of fire detection and suppression. Several chapters are devoted to chronicling the evolution of life support systems through the decades. Each chapter includes a list of learning objectives, summary sections and review questions. Additionally, various analogs for spaceflight life support systems are examined, including nuclear submarines and our natural life support system here on Earth! Overall, this book serves as an approachable primer for any student seeking to understand the intricacies of spacecraft life support systems.

Author : Erik Seedhouse
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030991814

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SpaceX by Erik Seedhouse Pdf

Learn about commercial spaceflight’s most successful startup in this fully updated book, which follows the extraordinary feats of engineering and human achievement that have placed SpaceX at the forefront of the launch industry and positioned it as the most likely candidate for transporting humans to Mars. This second edition emphasizes SpaceX's much-hyped manned mission to the Red Planet. With a plethora of new material gathered from 2013 to the present, the text offers the most up-to-date portrait of the maverick band of scientists and engineers producing some of the most spectacular aviation triumphs of the 21st century. Topics covered in this book include: all CRS flights, the challenges of developing retro-propulsion, and the pathway towards realizing the Falcon Heavy and BFR. In addition, the chapters describe SpaceX’s emphasis on simplicity, low-cost, and reliability, and the methods the company employs to reduce its costs while speeding up decision-making and delivery. Detailing the Falcon 1, Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles, the book shows how SpaceX is able to offer a full spectrum of light, medium, and heavy lift launch capabilities to its customers and how it is able to deliver spacecraft into any inclination and altitude, from low Earth orbit to geosynchronous orbit to planetary missions. This book is the perfect go-to guide on SpaceX for anybody working or interested in the commercial space arena.

Author : Erik Seedhouse
Publisher : Springer
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319579078

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TIM PEAKE and BRITAIN'S ROAD TO SPACE by Erik Seedhouse Pdf

For centuries the British developed a reputation as a nation of explorers. From Francis Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe to the ascent of Everest, British explorers crossed oceans and continents and ventured where few, if any, had gone before. Until very recently, that legacy of exploration had not extended to space. For decades, successive governments chose to stay out of the human spaceflight programme, but in 2008 there were signs of optimism when ESA selected a new class of six astronauts, including, for the first time, a British representative: Timothy Peake. This book puts the reader in the flight suit of Britain’s first male astronaut. In addition to delving into the life of Tim Peake, this book discusses the learning curves required in astronaut and mission training and the complexity of the technologies required to launch an astronaut and keep them alive for months on end. This book underscores the fact that technology and training, unlike space, do not exist in a vacuum; complex technical systems, like the ISS, interact with the variables of human personality, and the cultural background of the astronauts. But ultimately, this is the story of Tim Peake and the Principia mission and the down-to-the-last-bolt descriptions of life aboard the ISS, by way of the hurdles placed by the British government and the rigors of training at Russia’s Star City military base.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2001-12-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309075855

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Safe Passage by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit Pdf

Safe Passage: Astronaut Care for Exploration Missions sets forth a vision for space medicine as it applies to deep space voyage. As space missions increase in duration from months to years and extend well beyond Earth's orbit, so will the attendant risks of working in these extreme and isolated environmental conditions. Hazards to astronaut health range from greater radiation exposure and loss of bone and muscle density to intensified psychological stress from living with others in a confined space. Going beyond the body of biomedical research, the report examines existing space medicine clinical and behavioral research and health care data and the policies attendant to them. It describes why not enough is known today about the dangers of prolonged travel to enable humans to venture into deep space in a safe and sane manner. The report makes a number of recommendations concerning NASA's structure for clinical and behavioral research, on the need for a comprehensive astronaut health care system and on an approach to communicating health and safety risks to astronauts, their families, and the public.

Author : Gesa Praetorius, Charlott Sellberg and Riccardo Patriarca
Publisher : AHFE International
Page : 770 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781958651711

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Human Factors in Transportation by Gesa Praetorius, Charlott Sellberg and Riccardo Patriarca Pdf

Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023), July 20–24, 2023, San Francisco, USA

Author : Michael R. Barratt,Sam Lee Pool
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2008-03-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780387681641

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Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight by Michael R. Barratt,Sam Lee Pool Pdf

Over the years, a large body of knowledge has developed regarding the ways in which space flight affects the health of the personnel involved. Now, for the first time, this clinical knowledge on how to diagnose and treat conditions that either develop during a mission or because of a mission has been compiled by Drs. Michael Barratt and Sam L. Pool of the NASA/Johnson Space Center. Complete with detailed information on the physiological and psychological affects of space flight as well as how to diagnose and treat everything from dental concerns to decompression to dermatological problems encountered, this text is a must have for all those associated with aerospace medicine.

Author : Ningli Wang
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811378966

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Integrative Ophthalmology by Ningli Wang Pdf

With the development of nature science and industrial technology, more and more patients are benefitting from the rapid progress in ophthalmology, as the use of new medicine and delicate surgical therapy has ensured them the chance to restore their sight. However, some problems have come up during its development, of which the most serious one is the limitation of the ophthalmology. Eyes are not isolated organs, they are connected to our body, and thus, the general status of our body will affect the eyes’ function. Therefore, it is of great importance that the ophthalmologists see the big picture while dealing with the clinical problems. Based on the above observations, we put forward the concept of Integrative Ophthalmology, and describe the ophthalmology related medical situations that are prone to be neglected in clinical practice in a bid to increase the awareness of doctors from all fields that a holistic view should be adopted in clinical practice, and it is the patients that we are treating rather than the disease. There are 9 parts in the book, containing the concept of integrative ophthalmology, intraocular and intracranial pressure gradient related diseases,and the relationship between the different general status and eye disorders. We do believe that the integrative ophthalmology is the key to the development of ophthalmology and hope readers can benefit from this book.

Author : Thais Russomano,Lucas Rehnberg
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781789232202

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Into Space by Thais Russomano,Lucas Rehnberg Pdf

Our anatomy and physiology have been completely shaped by Earth's gravity. All body systems function in synergy with this unseen force. Yet, as we journey further and longer into space, our bodies must conform to a new reality, wherein gravity is absent or reduced, cosmic radiation threatens and our social and familial connections become distant. Into Space: A Journey of How Humans Adapt and Live in Microgravity gives an overview of some of the physiological, anatomical and cellular changes that occur in space and their effects on different body systems, such as the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal, and touches on cultural and psychosocial aspects of leaving behind family and the safety of Earth. It further addresses the complexity of manned space flights, showing how interdisciplinary this subject is and discussing the challenges that space physiologists, physicians and scientists must face as humans seek to conquer the final frontier.

Author : James Gilley
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781498592130

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Space Civilization by James Gilley Pdf

As humanity begins to move in earnest towards becoming a multiplanetary civilization, the social science questions of what will be required of that civilization begin to emerge. This work seeks to highlight these questions and to provide some answers about the economic, political, and social predicaments of space civilization.