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Military Coercion and US Foreign Policy

Melanie W. Sisson,James A. Siebens,Barry M. Blechman

Author : Melanie W. Sisson,James A. Siebens,Barry M. Blechman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000056877

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Military Coercion and US Foreign Policy by Melanie W. Sisson,James A. Siebens,Barry M. Blechman Pdf

This book examines the use of military force as a coercive tool by the United States, using lessons drawn from the post-Cold War era (1991–2018). The volume reveals that despite its status as sole superpower during the post-Cold War period, US efforts to coerce other states failed as often as they succeeded. In the coming decades, the United States will face states that are more capable and creative, willing to challenge its interests and able to take advantage of missteps and vulnerabilities. By using lessons derived from in-depth case studies and statistical analysis of an original dataset of more than 100 coercive incidents in the post-Cold War era, this book generates insight into how the US military can be used to achieve policy goals. Specifically, it provides guidance about the ways in which, and the conditions under which, the US armed forces can work in concert with economic and diplomatic elements of US power to create effective coercive strategies. This book will be of interest to students of US national security, US foreign policy, strategic studies and International Relations in general.

The Dynamics of Coercion

Daniel Byman,Matthew Waxman

Author : Daniel Byman,Matthew Waxman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2002-02-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0521007801

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The Dynamics of Coercion by Daniel Byman,Matthew Waxman Pdf

This book examines why some attempts to strong-arm an adversary work while others do not.

The United States and Coercive Diplomacy

Robert J. Art,Patrick M. Cronin

Author : Robert J. Art,Patrick M. Cronin
Publisher : US Institute of Peace Press
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Law
ISBN : 1929223455

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The United States and Coercive Diplomacy by Robert J. Art,Patrick M. Cronin Pdf

"As Robert Art makes clear in a groundbreaking conclusion, those results have been mixed at best. Art dissects the uneven performance of coercive diplomacy and explains why it has sometimes worked and why it has more often failed."--BOOK JACKET.

American Force

Richard K. Betts

Author : Richard K. Betts
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2011-12-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780231521888

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American Force by Richard K. Betts Pdf

While American national security policy has grown more interventionist since the Cold War, Washington has also hoped to shape the world on the cheap. Misled by the stunning success against Iraq in 1991, administrations of both parties have pursued ambitious aims with limited force, committing the country's military frequently yet often hesitantly, with inconsistent justification. These ventures have produced strategic confusion, unplanned entanglements, and indecisive results. This collection of essays by Richard K. Betts, a leading international politics scholar, investigates the use of American force since the end of the Cold War, suggesting guidelines for making it more selective and successful. Betts brings his extensive knowledge of twentieth century American diplomatic and military history to bear on the full range of theory and practice in national security, surveying the Cold War roots of recent initiatives and arguing that U.S. policy has always been more unilateral than liberal theorists claim. He exposes mistakes made by humanitarian interventions and peace operations; reviews the issues raised by terrorism and the use of modern nuclear, biological, and cyber weapons; evaluates the case for preventive war, which almost always proves wrong; weighs the lessons learned from campaigns in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam; assesses the rise of China and the resurgence of Russia; quells concerns about civil-military relations; exposes anomalies within recent defense budgets; and confronts the practical barriers to effective strategy. Betts ultimately argues for greater caution and restraint, while encouraging more decisive action when force is required, and he recommends a more dispassionate assessment of national security interests, even in the face of global instability and unfamiliar threats.

Sailing the Water's Edge

Helen V. Milner,Dustin Tingley

Author : Helen V. Milner,Dustin Tingley
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691165479

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Sailing the Water's Edge by Helen V. Milner,Dustin Tingley Pdf

How U.S. domestic politics shapes the nation's foreign policy When engaging with other countries, the U.S. government has a number of different policy instruments at its disposal, including foreign aid, international trade, and the use of military force. But what determines which policies are chosen? Does the United States rely too much on the use of military power and coercion in its foreign policies? Sailing the Water's Edge focuses on how domestic U.S. politics—in particular the interactions between the president, Congress, interest groups, bureaucratic institutions, and the public—have influenced foreign policy choices since World War II and shows why presidents have more control over some policy instruments than others. Presidential power matters and it varies systematically across policy instruments. Helen Milner and Dustin Tingley consider how Congress and interest groups have substantial material interests in and ideological divisions around certain issues and that these factors constrain presidents from applying specific tools. As a result, presidents select instruments that they have more control over, such as use of the military. This militarization of U.S. foreign policy raises concerns about the nature of American engagement, substitution among policy tools, and the future of U.S. foreign policy. Milner and Tingley explore whether American foreign policy will remain guided by a grand strategy of liberal internationalism, what affects American foreign policy successes and failures, and the role of U.S. intelligence collection in shaping foreign policy. The authors support their arguments with rigorous theorizing, quantitative analysis, and focused case studies, such as U.S. foreign policy in Sub-Saharan Africa across two presidential administrations. Sailing the Water’s Edge examines the importance of domestic political coalitions and institutions on the formation of American foreign policy.

Weapons of Mass Migration

Kelly M. Greenhill

Author : Kelly M. Greenhill
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2011-06-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780801457425

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Weapons of Mass Migration by Kelly M. Greenhill Pdf

At first glance, the U.S. decision to escalate the war in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, China's position on North Korea's nuclear program in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and the EU resolution to lift what remained of the arms embargo against Libya in the mid-2000s would appear to share little in common. Yet each of these seemingly unconnected and far-reaching foreign policy decisions resulted at least in part from the exercise of a unique kind of coercion, one predicated on the intentional creation, manipulation, and exploitation of real or threatened mass population movements. In Weapons of Mass Migration, Kelly M. Greenhill offers the first systematic examination of this widely deployed but largely unrecognized instrument of state influence. She shows both how often this unorthodox brand of coercion has been attempted (more than fifty times in the last half century) and how successful it has been (well over half the time). She also tackles the questions of who employs this policy tool, to what ends, and how and why it ever works. Coercers aim to affect target states' behavior by exploiting the existence of competing political interests and groups, Greenhill argues, and by manipulating the costs or risks imposed on target state populations. This "coercion by punishment" strategy can be effected in two ways: the first relies on straightforward threats to overwhelm a target's capacity to accommodate a refugee or migrant influx; the second, on a kind of norms-enhanced political blackmail that exploits the existence of legal and normative commitments to those fleeing violence, persecution, or privation. The theory is further illustrated and tested in a variety of case studies from Europe, East Asia, and North America. To help potential targets better respond to-and protect themselves against-this kind of unconventional predation, Weapons of Mass Migration also offers practicable policy recommendations for scholars, government officials, and anyone concerned about the true victims of this kind of coercion—the displaced themselves.

Coercion, Survival, and War

Phil Haun

Author : Phil Haun
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780804795074

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Coercion, Survival, and War by Phil Haun Pdf

In asymmetric interstate conflicts, great powers have the capability to coerce weak states by threatening their survival—but not vice versa. It is therefore the great power that decides whether to escalate a conflict into a crisis by adopting a coercive strategy. In practice, however, the coercive strategies of the U.S. have frequently failed. In Coercion, Survival and War Phil Haun chronicles 30 asymmetric interstate crises involving the US from 1918 to 2003. The U.S. chose coercive strategies in 23 of these cases, but coercion failed half of the time: most often because the more powerful U.S. made demands that threatened the very survival of the weak state, causing it to resist as long as it had the means to do so. It is an unfortunate paradox Haun notes that, where the U.S. may prefer brute force to coercion, these power asymmetries may well lead it to first attempt coercive strategies that are expected to fail in order to justify the war it desires. He concludes that, when coercion is preferred to brute force there are clear limits as to what can be demanded. In such cases, he suggests, U.S. policymakers can improve the chances of success by matching appropriate threats to demands, by including other great powers in the coercive process, and by reducing a weak state leader's reputational costs by giving him or her face-saving options.

Military Strategy: A Very Short Introduction

Antulio J. Echevarria II

Author : Antulio J. Echevarria II
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2024
Category : History
ISBN : 9780197760154

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Military Strategy: A Very Short Introduction by Antulio J. Echevarria II Pdf

Military Strategy: A Very Short Introduction adapts Clausewitz's framework to highlight the dynamic relationship between the main elements of strategy: purpose, method, and means. Drawing on historical examples, Antulio J. Echevarria discusses the major types of military strategy and how emerging technologies are affecting them. This second edition has been updated to include an expanded chapter on manipulation through cyberwarfare and new further reading.

The Art of Military Coercion

Rob de Wijk

Author : Rob de Wijk
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015062596005

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The Art of Military Coercion by Rob de Wijk Pdf

Since the end of the Cold War, liberal democracies have conducted military interventions on numerous occasions, and with mixed results. Why is it that these results have so often been poor? The main argument of this study is that to be succesful, force must be used decisively. This requires the right balance between means and ends, based on an understanding of the dynamics of coercion. But even if this is the case, asymmetrical reactions from a weak opponent could easily offset Western military might. This is why, this book argues, the West's military superiority scarcely matters. Rob de Wijk is director of the Clingendael Centre for Strategic Studies in The Netherlands. He is also professor in the field of International Relations at the Royal Netherlands Military Academy, and professor of Strategic Studies at Leiden University.

Coercion

Kelly M. Greenhill,Peter Krause

Author : Kelly M. Greenhill,Peter Krause
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190846336

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Coercion by Kelly M. Greenhill,Peter Krause Pdf

In 'Coercion', leading international relations scholars Kelly M. Greenhill and Peter Krause have gathered together an eminent cast of contributors to produce what promises to be a field-shaping work on one of IR's most essential subjects: coercion, whether in the form of compellence, deterrence, or a mix of the two. The volume moves beyond these traditional premises and examines the critical issue of coercion in the 21st century, capturing fresh theoretical and policy relevant developments and drawing upon data and cases from across time and around the globe.

The Power to Coerce

David C. Gompert,Hans Binnendijk

Author : David C. Gompert,Hans Binnendijk
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-02-25
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780833090614

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The Power to Coerce by David C. Gompert,Hans Binnendijk Pdf

Mounting costs, risks, and public misgivings of waging war are raising the importance of U.S. power to coerce (P2C). The best P2C options are financial sanctions, support for nonviolent political opposition to hostile regimes, and offensive cyber operations. The state against which coercion is most difficult and risky is China, which also happens to pose the strongest challenge to U.S. military options in a vital region.

Economic Statecraft and US Foreign Policy

Leif Rosenberger

Author : Leif Rosenberger
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780429649172

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Economic Statecraft and US Foreign Policy by Leif Rosenberger Pdf

Explaining the connection between economics and violent extremism, this book argues that American foreign policy must be rebalanced with a greater emphasis on social inclusion and shared prosperity in order to mitigate the root causes of conflict. Rosenberger argues that economic coercion has usually proven counterproductive, and that a militarized American foreign policy too often results in frustration and strategic failure. He analyses this theory through a number of case studies, from the Treaty of Versailles to the more recent issues of Israel in Gaza, US sanctions against Iran, the US backed, Saudi-led boycott of Qatar and Donald Trump’s trade war against China. He concludes that the economic logic of social inclusion and shared prosperity demonstrated in Jean Monnet’s European Coal and Steel Community would be a more successful strategy in reducing the demand for violence in the civil wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Yemen and Syria. This book will be of particular relevance for courses on American Foreign Policy, International Relations and International Political Economy and seminars on the Near East and South Asia. Professional economists, diplomats and military officers in America and in the Near East and South Asia will also find the argument useful.

Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy

David Malone,Yuen Foong Khong

Author : David Malone,Yuen Foong Khong
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Publishers
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1588261190

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Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy by David Malone,Yuen Foong Khong Pdf

The authors explore international reactions to U.S. conduct in world affairs.

Bombing to Win

Robert A. Pape

Author : Robert A. Pape
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 547 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014-04-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780801471506

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Bombing to Win by Robert A. Pape Pdf

From Iraq to Bosnia to North Korea, the first question in American foreign policy debates is increasingly: Can air power alone do the job? Robert A. Pape provides a systematic answer. Analyzing the results of over thirty air campaigns, including a detailed reconstruction of the Gulf War, he argues that the key to success is attacking the enemy's military strategy, not its economy, people, or leaders. Coercive air power can succeed, but not as cheaply as air enthusiasts would like to believe.Pape examines the air raids on Germany, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq as well as those of Israel versus Egypt, providing details of bombing and governmental decision making. His detailed narratives of the strategic effectiveness of bombing range from the classical cases of World War II to an extraordinary reconstruction of airpower use in the Gulf War, based on recently declassified documents. In this now-classic work of the theory and practice of airpower and its political effects, Robert A. Pape helps military strategists and policy makers judge the purpose of various air strategies, and helps general readers understand the policy debates.