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Author : Yuping Huang
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 644 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Bose-Einstein condensation
ISBN : MSU:31293030630960
Author : R. Kaiser,C. Westbrook,F. David
Publisher : Springer
Page : 717 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2007-07-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540453383
Progress in atomic physics has been so vigorous during the past decade that one is hard pressed to follow all the new developments. In the early 1990s the first atom interferometers opened a new field in which we have been able to use the wave nature of atoms to probe fundamental quantum me chanics questions as well as to make precision measurements. Coming fast on the heels of this development was the demonstration of Bose Einstein condensation in dilute atomic vapors which intensified research interest in studying the wave nature of matter, especially in a domain in which "macro scopic" quantum effects (vortices, stimulated scattering of atomic beams) are visible. At the same time there has been much progress in our understanding of the behavior of waves (notably electromagnetic) in complex media, both periodic and disordered. An obvious topic of speculation and probably of future research is whether any new insight or applications will develop if one examines the behavior of de Broglie waves in analogous situations. Finally, our ability to manipulate atoms has allowed us not only to create macroscopically occupied quantum states but also to exercise fine control over the quantum states of a small number of atoms. This has advanced to the study of quantum entanglement and its relation to the theory of measurement and the theory of information. The 1990s have also seen an explosion of interest in an exciting potential application of this fine control: quantum computation and quantum cryptography.
Author : H.J. Carmichael,R.J. Glauber,M.O. Scully
Publisher : Springer
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2008-01-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540408949
This collection of papers written by leading researchers reflects the forefront of research in the dynamic field of quantum optics. Topics covered include BEC, atomic optics, quantum information, cavity QED and quantum noise processes. This volume forms an indispensable reference source for all those who want to keep up with the latest developments in this area.
Author : Arthur Ashkin
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 940 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2006-12-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814494342
This important volume contains selected papers and extensive commentaries on laser trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using radiation pressure forces. Such techniques apply to a variety of small particles, such as atoms, molecules, macroscopic dielectric particles, living cells, and organelles within cells. These optical methods have had a revolutionary impact on the fields of atomic and molecular physics, biophysics, and many aspects of nanotechnology. In atomic physics, the trapping and cooling of atoms down to nanokelvins and even picokelvin temperatures are possible. These are the lowest temperatures in the universe. This made possible the first demonstration of Bose–Einstein condensation of atomic and molecular vapors. Some of the applications are high precision atomic clocks, gyroscopes, the measurement of gravity, cryptology, atomic computers, cavity quantum electrodynamics and coherent atom lasers. A major application in biophysics is the study of the mechanical properties of the many types of motor molecules, mechanoenzymes, and other macromolecules responsible for the motion of organelles within cells and the locomotion of entire cells. Unique in vitro and in vivo assays study the driving forces, stepping motion, kinetics, and efficiency of these motors as they move along the cell's cytoskeleton. Positional and temporal resolutions have been achieved, making possible the study of RNA and DNA polymerases, as they undergo their various copying, backtracking, and error correcting functions on a single base pair basis. Many applications in nanotechnology involve particle and cell sorting, particle rotation, microfabrication of simple machines, microfluidics, and other micrometer devices. The number of applications continues to grow at a rapid rate. The author is the discoverer of optical trapping and optical tweezers. With his colleagues, he first demonstrated optical levitation, the trapping of atoms, and tweezer trapping and manipulation of living cells and biological particles. This is the only review volume covering the many fields of optical trapping and manipulation. The intention is to provide a selective guide to the literature and to teach how optical traps really work. Contents:Optical LevitationTrapping of Atoms and Biological Particles in the 1980–1990 DecadeUse of Optical Tweezers to Study Single Motor MoleculesOrigin of Tweezer Forces on Macroscopic Particles Using Highly Focused BeamsRotation of Particles by Radiation PressureMicrochemistryUses of Slow AtomsRole of All-Optical Traps and MOTs in Atomic PhysicsFeshbach ResonancesVortices and Frictionless Flow in Bose–Einstein CondensatesTrapped Fermi Gasesand other papers Readership: Researchers and students of atomic physics, molecular physics, biophysics and nanotechnology; historians of science. Keywords:
Author : Craig M Savage,Mukunda P Das
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2000-12-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814491983
Bose-Einstein condensation of dilute gases is an exciting new field of interdisciplinary physics. The eight chapters in this volume introduce its theoretical and experimental foundations. The authors are lucid expositors who have also made outstanding contributions to the field. They include theorists Tony Leggett, Allan Griffin and Keith Burnett, and Nobel-Prize-winning experimentalist Bill Phillips. In addition to the introductory material, there are articles treating topics at the forefront of research, such as experimental quantum phase engineering of condensates, the “superchemistry” of interacting atomic and molecular condensates, and atom laser theory. Contents: Topics in the Theory of the Ultracold Dilute Alkali Gases (A J Leggett)Statistical Mechanics of Bosonic Systems (J Oitmaa)Condensate Oscillations, Kinetic Equations and Two-Fluid Hydrodynamics in a Bose Gas (A Griffin)Finite Temperature Effects in Bose-Einstein Condensates (K Burnett)The Theory of Atom Lasers (R J Ballagh & C M Savage)Vortices and Solitons in Bose-Condensates (P D Drummond)Cooling, Trapping and Manipulation of Neutral Atoms and Bose-Einstein Condensates by Electromagnetic Fields (K Helmerson & W D Phillips)Experimental Aspects of Bose-Einstein Condensation (A C Wilson & C R McKenzie) Readership: Graduate students and researchers in quantum physics. Keywords:
Author : T.J. Quinn,S. Leschiutta
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 836 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2001-12-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781614990024
The exchange between physics and metrology is always fascinating and exciting. Many are the open problems in physics that call for extremely precise standards, many are the advances in metrology made possible by a deep and assiduous study of the underlying physics. One has just to think of the enormous sophistication required in the measurements of some absolute quantities such as the Avogadro, the gas, or the gravitational constants. It is also worth noticing that not only the units of a metrological system are interrelated through the fundamental constants, but also the latter find their full significance when they are determined through the most exacting metrological experiments. Over the past decade many improvements took place and these are discussed in this book; from one side the old caesium SI second definition has found a new realisation, with the “fountain” approach, replacing the classical thermal atomic beam. The use of “cold” atom techniques, in which bunches of inert atoms are collected, slowed down, and cooled, has opened a number of new and unexpected avenues for metrology and fundamental constants; one of these possibilities being the atom interferometry. Another important “quantum jump” was the demonstration of the possibility of performing a direct frequency division in the visible, using ultra short femtosecond pulses. In addition, the possibility of “counting” electrons or photons gave a fundamental support to the development of single-electron capacitance standards and to new scenarios in the absolute calibration of photo-detectors.
Author : Pierre Meystre
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2001-09-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 0387952748
Quantum mechanics does away with the distinction between particles and waves, and one of the more interesting implications of the wave/particle duality - the discovery that atoms may be manipulated in ways analogous to the manipulation of light with lenses and mirrors - has formed the basis for the relatively new field of atom optics. Pierre Meystre's Atom Optics is the first book entirely devoted to this exciting area of research. Reference links to the leading journals in the field, links to research sites, graphics, and updates can be found online.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Measurement
ISBN : PSU:000048531344
Author : International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi"
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 683 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2007-10-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781607502739
This volume can be justified by the following three facts, the need to provide, from time to time, a co-ordinated set of lectures which present the relevant progress in Metrology, the increasing intertwining between Fundamental Physics and the practice of Metrological Measurements, and, third, the flurry of new and unexpected discoveries in this field, with a correlated series of Nobel Prizes bestowed to individuals working in Fundamental Constants research and novel experimental methods. One of the most fascinating and exciting characteristics of metrology is its intimate relationship between fundamental physics and the leading edge of technology which is needed to perform advanced and challenging experiments and measurements, as well as the determination of the values and interrelations between the Fundamental Constants. In some cases, such as the caesium fountains clocks or the optical frequency standards, the definition of the value of a quantity is, in the laboratory, in the region of 10-16 and experiments are under way to reach 10-18. Many of these results and the avenues leading to further advances are discussed in this volume, along a major step in metrology, expected in the near future, which could change the “old” definition of the kilogram, still based on a mechanical artefact, toward a new definition resting on a fixed value of a fundamental constant.
Author : Paul Corkum,Sandro de Silvestri,Keith A. Nelson,Eberhard Riedle,Robert W. Schoenlein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1031 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2010-03-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540959465
Ultrafast Phenomena XVI presents the latest advances in ultrafast science, including both ultrafast optical technology and the study of ultrafast phenomena. It covers picosecond, femtosecond and attosecond processes relevant to applications in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. Ultrafast technology has a profound impact in a wide range of applications, amongst them biomedical imaging, chemical dynamics, frequency standards, material processing, and ultrahigh speed communications. This book summarizes the results presented at the 16th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena and provides an up-to-date view of this important and rapidly advancing field.
Author : Matthias Weidemüller,Claus Zimmermann
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2003-05-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 3527403892
Arising from a workshop, this book surveys the physics of ultracold atoms and molecules taking into consideration the latest research on ultracold phenomena, such as Bose Einstein condensation and quantum computing. Several reputed authors provide an introduction to the field, covering recent experimental results on atom and molecule cooling as well as the theoretical treatment.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Allied Publishers
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Atoms
ISBN : 8177644750
Author : Jacques-Alexandre Sepulchre,Jean-Luc Beaumont
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9812384162
"This book is the second volume of a compilation of lecture notes on various topics in nonlinear physics delivered by specialists during the summer schools organized by the Institut Non Linaeaire de Nice ... in Peyresq ... since 1998. The first volume, edited by R. Kaiser and J. Montaldi, contains courses from the years 1998 and 1999. This volume collects notes of the lectures given from the summers of 2000, 2001 and 2002"--Preface, v. 2.
Author : Jacques-alexandre Sepulchre,Jean-luc Beaumont
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2003-05-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814485739
This book is the second volume of lecture notes on various topics in nonlinear physics delivered by specialists in the field who gave courses in the small village of Peyresq (France) during summer schools (2000, 2001, 2002) organised by the Institut Non Linéaire de Nice (INLN), in collaboration with the Institut de Recherche de Physique Hors Equilibre (IRPHE). The goal is to provide good summaries on the state of the art of some domains in physics having the common denominator of belonging to nonlinear sciences, and to promote the transfer of knowledge between them.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Optics
ISBN : UOM:39015047794519