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Author : Chandra Kishen Dalaya
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1959
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:27780808
Author : Kiran Barman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Debts, Public
ISBN : UOM:39015014871993
Author : International Monetary Fund,World Bank
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2003-09-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498328920
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Author : Mr.Daniel Leigh,Mr.Andrea Pescatori,Mr.Jaime Guajardo
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2011-07-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781455294695
This paper investigates the short-term effects of fiscal consolidation on economic activity in OECD economies. We examine the historical record, including Budget Speeches and IMFdocuments, to identify changes in fiscal policy motivated by a desire to reduce the budget deficit and not by responding to prospective economic conditions. Using this new dataset, our estimates suggest fiscal consolidation has contractionary effects on private domestic demand and GDP. By contrast, estimates based on conventional measures of the fiscal policy stance used in the literature support the expansionary fiscal contractions hypothesis but appear to be biased toward overstating expansionary effects.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1958-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451949636
This paper examines the effect transactions with the IMF have on the monetary situation within a country when the foreign exchange purchased from the IMF is used to meet a balance of payments deficit. In some countries, the national currency counterpart is kept on deposit to the credit of the IMF at the central bank. In other countries, the government substitutes a noninterest-bearing note for the national currency counterpart of a transaction with the IMF. It is with the effects of the latter practice that this paper is primarily concerned. The effect of a balance of payments deficit on the money supply will be offset if credit is expanded to finance a government deficit, investment by business, or spending by consumers. The ultimate effect on the money supply will depend upon how the government deals with the national currency turned over to it by the Exchange Equalization Account. Considerable caution is required in concluding that a balance of payments deficit is likely to be moderate and temporary.
Author : Charan Singh
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2018-04-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781107191273
Investigates implications of domestic debt on consumption and growth, and studies separation of debt and monetary management.
Author : M. Ayhan Kose,Peter Nagle,Franziska Ohnsorge,Naotaka Sugawara
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464815454
The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1998-03-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451844238
Recently, monetary authorities have increasingly focused on implementing policies to ensure price stability and strengthen central bank independence. Simultaneously, in the fiscal area, market development has allowed public debt managers to focus more on cost minimization. This “divorce” of monetary and debt management functions in no way lessens the need for effective coordination of monetary and fiscal policy if overall economic performance is to be optimized and maintained in the long term. This paper analyzes these issues based on a review of the relevant literature and of country experiences from an institutional and operational perspective.
Author : Editors : Raj Kapila & Uma Kapila
Publisher : Academic Foundation
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 817188475X
Author : Leonardo Martinez-Diaz,Jesse M. Keenan
Publisher : U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780578748412
This publication serves as a roadmap for exploring and managing climate risk in the U.S. financial system. It is the first major climate publication by a U.S. financial regulator. The central message is that U.S. financial regulators must recognize that climate change poses serious emerging risks to the U.S. financial system, and they should move urgently and decisively to measure, understand, and address these risks. Achieving this goal calls for strengthening regulators’ capabilities, expertise, and data and tools to better monitor, analyze, and quantify climate risks. It calls for working closely with the private sector to ensure that financial institutions and market participants do the same. And it calls for policy and regulatory choices that are flexible, open-ended, and adaptable to new information about climate change and its risks, based on close and iterative dialogue with the private sector. At the same time, the financial community should not simply be reactive—it should provide solutions. Regulators should recognize that the financial system can itself be a catalyst for investments that accelerate economic resilience and the transition to a net-zero emissions economy. Financial innovations, in the form of new financial products, services, and technologies, can help the U.S. economy better manage climate risk and help channel more capital into technologies essential for the transition. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247742
Author : Charan Singh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-11-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9788132236498
This book examines the objectives of public debt management and the re-emerging issue of separating monetary policy formulation from fiscal and debt management. The recent Great Recession has resulted in a rethink of the objectives and working of macroeconomics, and in many countries, including India, has led to the scope of fiscal operations being expanded and debt-to-GDP ratios increasing significantly. Consequently, debt management has encountered considerable difficulties, and the need for coordination between monetary and debt management has assumed greater significance. The book discusses the important issue of the independence of central banks and the need for coordination between debt managers, monetary authorities and finance ministries if debt operations are separated from monetary management.
Author : Wojciech Maliszewski,Mr.Serkan Arslanalp,Mr.John C Caparusso,José Garrido,Mr.Si Guo,Mr.Joong S Kang,W. Raphael Lam,Daniel Law,Wei Liao,Ms.Nadia Rendak,Mr.Philippe Wingender,Jiangyan Yu,Ms.Longmei Zhang
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475545289
Corporate credit growth in China has been excessive in recent years. This credit boom is related to the large increase in investment after the Global Financial Crisis. Investment efficiency has fallen and the financial performance of corporates has deteriorated steadily, affecting asset quality in financial institutions. The corporate debt problem should be addressed urgently with a comprehensive strategy. Key elements should include identifying companies in financial difficulties, proactively recognizing losses in the financial system, burden sharing, corporate restructuring and governance reform, hardening budget constraints, and facilitating market entry. A proactive strategy would trade off short-term economic pain for larger longer-term gain.
Author : Chitta Ranjan Basu
Publisher : Mittal Publications
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Banks and banking
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Ms. Carmen Reinhart,M. Belen Sbrancia
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 47 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2015-01-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498338387
High public debt often produces the drama of default and restructuring. But debt is also reduced through financial repression, a tax on bondholders and savers via negative or belowmarket real interest rates. After WWII, capital controls and regulatory restrictions created a captive audience for government debt, limiting tax-base erosion. Financial repression is most successful in liquidating debt when accompanied by inflation. For the advanced economies, real interest rates were negative ½ of the time during 1945–1980. Average annual interest expense savings for a 12—country sample range from about 1 to 5 percent of GDP for the full 1945–1980 period. We suggest that, once again, financial repression may be part of the toolkit deployed to cope with the most recent surge in public debt in advanced economies.
Author : Mr. NN Ojha
Publisher : CHRONICLE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-15
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
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