Moralistics And Psychomoralistics

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Moralistics and Psychomoralistics

Graham Wood
Moralistics and Psychomoralistics Book PDF

Author : Graham Wood
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000819915

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Moralistics and Psychomoralistics by Graham Wood Pdf

This book brings together three distinct research programmes in moral psychology – Moral Foundations Theory, Cognitive Adaptations for Social Exchange, and the Linguistic Analogy in Moral Psychology – and shows that they can be combined to create a unified cognitive science of moral intuition. The book assumes evolution has furnished the human mind with two types of judgement: intuitive and deliberative. Focusing on moral intuitions (understood as moral judgments that were not arrived at via a process of conscious deliberation), the book explores the origins of these intuitions, examines how they are produced, and explains why the moral intuitions of different humans differ. Providing a unique synthesis of three separate established fields, this book presents a new research program that will further our understanding of the various different intuitive moral judgements at the heart of some of the moral tensions within human society.

The Virtue of Playfulness

boomer trujillo
The Virtue of Playfulness Book PDF

Author : boomer trujillo
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2024-04-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781040091500

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The Virtue of Playfulness by boomer trujillo Pdf

This book argues that in order for people to live well, they must develop a virtue of playfulness. Inspired by Aristotle, the book draws on work from philosophy, classics, history, biology, psychology, and media studies to understand the place of play and playfulness in a good life. Many philosophers have written about play, from Presocratics such as Heraclitus to contemporary philosophers such as Bernard Suits. Some champion play as the most crucial value in life. Others deride it and warn strongly against it. This book evaluates the research on how play and playfulness bear on living a good life and becoming a good person. Its main argument is that in order to understand play as an action, we must understand playfulness as a virtue in the lives of good people. The author develops a theory of playfulness from an Aristotelian perspective. Like Aristotle sees the virtues as necessary for a happy life, the author argues that playfulness is necessary for living well. And just as Aristotle offers multifaceted characterizations of core virtues, the author argues that playfulness includes aspects of seriousness, creativity, humility, optimism, and sociality. Playful people take play seriously, learn new skills, overcome failure, strive for success, and keep others in mind. As a result, playful people have a better shot at living well. The Virtue of Playfulness is an accessible, empirically informed, and detailed treatment of the philosophy of playfulness. It will appeal to scholars and students in philosophy and related disciplines who are interested in virtue ethics, moral psychology, philosophy of games, philosophy of sport, and ancient philosophy.

State Secrecy and Democracy

Dorota Mokrosinska
State Secrecy and Democracy Book PDF

Author : Dorota Mokrosinska
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2023-10-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781003831501

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State Secrecy and Democracy by Dorota Mokrosinska Pdf

In the wake of controversial disclosures of classified government information by WikiLeaks and Edward Snowden, questions about the democratic status of secret uses of political power are rarely far from the headlines. Despite an increase in initiatives aimed at enhancing government transparency – such as freedom of information or sunshine laws – secrecy persists in both the foreign and domestic policy of democratic states, in the form of classified intelligence programs, espionage, secret military operations, diplomatic discretion, closed-door political bargaining, and bureaucratic opacity. This book explores whether the state’s claim to restrict access to information can be justified. Dorota Mokrosinska answers this question with a qualified "yes," arguing that secrecy in exercising executive and legislative power can be seen as a legitimate exercise of democratic authority rather than as its justified suspension. Past and recent examples of state secrecy are used throughout the book, including the Manhattan Project, decision-making leading to the Iraq War, the extraordinary renditions programs and secret detention sites in Eastern Europe, collaboration between international secret services, and the WikiLeaks and Snowden disclosures. State Secrecy and Democracy: A Philosophical Inquiry is essential reading for those in political philosophy, ethics, politics, international relations and security studies, and law.

Idealism after Existentialism

N. N. Trakakis
Idealism after Existentialism Book PDF

Author : N. N. Trakakis
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2023-03-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000884135

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Idealism after Existentialism by N. N. Trakakis Pdf

A century ago the dominant philosophical outlook was not some form of materialism or naturalism, but idealism. However, this way of thinking about reality fell out of favour in the Anglo-American analytic tradition as well as the Continental schools of the twentieth century. The aim of this book is to restage and reassess the encounter between idealism and contemporary philosophy. The idealist side will be represented by the great figures of the 19th-century post-Kantian tradition in Germany, from Fichte and Schelling to Hegel, followed by the towering Hegelians in Britain led by T. H. Green, F. H. Bradley and Bernard Bosanquet. Their twentieth-century adversaries will be represented by the secular existentialists, especially the famous French trio of Sartre, Beauvoir and Camus, who sought to follow Nietzsche in philosophizing in light of the death of God. And the arena of encounter will be the philosophy of religion—more specifically, questions relating to the nature and existence of God, death and the meaning of life, and the problem of evil. The book argues that the existentialist critique of idealism enables an innovative as well as a more critical and adventurous approach that is sorely needed in philosophy of religion today. Idealism after Existentialism will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in the history of ninteenth- and twentieth-century philosophy and philosophy of religion.

Morality for Humans

Mark Johnson
Morality for Humans Book PDF

Author : Mark Johnson
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2015-09-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780226113548

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Morality for Humans by Mark Johnson Pdf

“A welcome renewal and defense of John Dewey's ethical naturalism, which Johnson claims is the only morality ‘fit for actual human beings.’” —Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews What is the difference between right and wrong? This is no easy question to answer, yet we constantly try to make it so, frequently appealing to absolutes, whether drawn from God, universal reason, or societal authority. Combining cognitive science with a pragmatist philosophical framework, Mark Johnson argues that appealing solely to absolute principles is not only scientifically unsound but even morally suspect. He shows that the standards for the kinds of people we should be and how we should treat one another are frequently subject to change. Taking context into consideration, he offers a nuanced, naturalistic view of ethics that sees us creatively adapt our standards according to given needs, emerging problems, and social interactions. Ethical naturalism is not just a revamped form of relativism. Indeed, Johnson attempts to overcome the absolutist-versus-relativist impasse that has been one of the most intractable problems in the history of philosophy. Much of our moral thought, he shows, is automatic and intuitive, gut feelings that we attempt to justify with rational analysis and argument. However, good moral deliberation is not limited to intuitive judgments supported after the fact by reasoning. Johnson points out a crucial third element: we imagine how our decisions will play out, how we or the world would change with each action we might take. Plumbing this imaginative dimension of moral reasoning, he provides a psychologically sophisticated view of moral problem solving, one perfectly suited for the embodied, culturally embedded, and ever-developing human creatures that we are.

The Right to Know

Lani Watson
The Right to Know Book PDF

Author : Lani Watson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2021-05-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780429798436

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The Right to Know by Lani Watson Pdf

This book provides the first comprehensive philosophical examination of the right to know and other epistemic rights: rights to goods such as information, knowledge, and truth.

A Defence of Nihilism

James Tartaglia,Tracy Llanera
A Defence of Nihilism Book PDF

Author : James Tartaglia,Tracy Llanera
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-21
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781000297386

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A Defence of Nihilism by James Tartaglia,Tracy Llanera Pdf

This book offers a philosophical defence of nihilism. The authors argue that the concept of nihilism has been employed pejoratively by almost all philosophers and religious leaders to indicate a widespread cultural crisis of truth, meaning, or morals. Many religious believers think atheism leads to moral chaos (because it leads to nihilism), and atheists typically insist that we can make life meaningful through our own actions (thereby avoiding nihilism). In this way, both sides conflate the cosmic sense of meaning at stake with a social sense of meaning. This book charts a third course between extremist and alarmist views of nihilism. It casts doubt on the assumption that nihilism is something to fear, or a problem which human culture should overcome by way of seeking, discovering, or making meaning. In this way, the authors believe that a revised understanding of nihilism can help remove a significant barrier of misunderstanding between religious believers and atheists. A Defence of Nihilism will be of interest to scholars and students in philosophy, religion, and other disciplines who are interested in questions surrounding the meaning of life.

The Epistemology and Morality of Human Kinds

Marion Godman
The Epistemology and Morality of Human Kinds Book PDF

Author : Marion Godman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351748032

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The Epistemology and Morality of Human Kinds by Marion Godman Pdf

Natural kinds is a widely used and pivotal concept in philosophy – the idea being that the classifications and taxonomies employed by science correspond to the real kinds in nature. Natural kinds are often opposed to the idea of kinds in the human and social sciences, which are typically seen as social constructions, characterised by changing norms and resisting scientific reduction. Yet human beings are also a subject of scientific study.Does this mean humans fall into corresponding kinds of their own? In The Epistemology and Morality of Human Kinds Marion Godman defends the idea of human kinds. She first examines the scientific use and nature of human kinds, considering the arguments of key philosophers whose work bears upon human kinds, such as Ian Hacking, John Searle, Richard Boyd and Ruth Millikan. Using the examples of gender, ethnic minorities and Buddhism she then argues that human kinds are a result of ongoing historical reproduction, chiefly due to pre-existing cultural models and social learning. Her novel argument shifts the focus away from the reductionism characteristic of research about human kinds. Instead, sheargues that they are “multiply projectable” and deserving of scientific study not in spite of, but because of their role in explaining our identity, injusticeand the emergence of group rights.

Honouring and Admiring the Immoral

Alfred Archer,Benjamin Matheson
Honouring and Admiring the Immoral Book PDF

Author : Alfred Archer,Benjamin Matheson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 113 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2021-06-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000433395

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Honouring and Admiring the Immoral by Alfred Archer,Benjamin Matheson Pdf

Is it appropriate to honour and admire people who have created great works of art, made important intellectual contributions, performed great sporting feats, or shaped the history of a nation if those people have also acted immorally? This book provides a philosophical investigation of this important and timely question. The authors draw on the latest research from ethics, value theory, philosophy of emotion, social philosophy, and social psychology to develop and substantiate arguments that have been made in the public debates about this issue. They offer a detailed analysis of the nature and ethics of honour and admiration, and present reasons both in favour and against honouring and admiring the immoral. They also take on the important matter of whether we can separate the achievements of public figures from their immoral behaviour. Ultimately, the authors reject a “onesize-fits-all” approach and argue that we must weigh up the reasons for and against honouring and admiring in each particular case. Honouring and Admiring the Immoral is written in an accessible style that shows how philosophy can engage with public debates about important ethical issues. It will be of interest to scholars and students working in moral philosophy, philosophy of emotion, and social philosophy.

Moral Choices for Our Future Selves

Eleonora Viganò
Moral Choices for Our Future Selves Book PDF

Author : Eleonora Viganò
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2022-06-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000638523

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Moral Choices for Our Future Selves by Eleonora Viganò Pdf

This book investigates the relationship between our present and future selves. It focuses specifically on diachronic self-regarding decisions: choices involving our earlier and later selves, in which the earlier self makes a decision for the later self. The author connects the scientific understanding of the neurobehavioral processes at the core of individuals’ perceptions of their future selves with the philosophical reflection on individuals’ moral relationship with their future selves. She delineates a descriptive theory of the perception of the future self that is based on empirical evidence and that systematizes and integrates the current theoretical literature. She then argues for the morality of prudence and interprets diachronic self-regarding decisions as decisions between two agents— the earlier and later selves—that belong to the realm of intergenerational ethics, which regulates the relationship between contemporary people and future generations. Finally, the author provides a moral theory of prudence based on respect for one’s agency. This theory identifies what the present and the future selves owe to one another in diachronic self-regarding decisions. Moral Choices for Our Future Selves will be of interest to scholars and students working in ethics, moral psychology, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science.

Totalitarianism and Philosophy

ALAN. HAWORTH
Totalitarianism and Philosophy Book PDF

Author : ALAN. HAWORTH
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2023-05-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1032570962

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Totalitarianism and Philosophy by ALAN. HAWORTH Pdf

This book explores the relevance of philosophy to the understanding of totalitarianism and is essential reading for all students and scholars of political philosophy.

Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality

Marcus Arvan
Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality Book PDF

Author : Marcus Arvan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 123 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2020-01-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000751512

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Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality by Marcus Arvan Pdf

Philosophers across many traditions have long theorized about the relationship between prudence and morality. Few clear answers have emerged, however, in large part because of the inherently speculative nature of traditional philosophical methods. This book aims to forge a bold new path forward, outlining a theory of prudence and morality that unifies a wide variety of findings in neuroscience with philosophically sophisticated normative theorizing. The author summarizes the emerging behavioral neuroscience of prudence and morality, showing how human moral and prudential cognition and motivation are known to involve over a dozen brain regions and capacities. He then outlines a detailed philosophical theory of prudence and morality based on neuroscience and lived human experience. The result demonstrates how this theory coheres with and explains the behavioral neuroscience, showing how each brain region and capacity interact to give rise to prudential and moral behavior. Neurofunctional Prudence and Morality: A Philosophical Theory will be of interest to philosophers and psychologists working in moral psychology, neuroethics, and decision theory. Chapter 3 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

The Philosophy and Psychology of Commitment

John Michael
The Philosophy and Psychology of Commitment Book PDF

Author : John Michael
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351618649

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The Philosophy and Psychology of Commitment by John Michael Pdf

The phenomenon of commitment is a cornerstone of human social life. Commitments make individuals’ behavior predictable, thereby facilitating the planning and coordination of joint actions involving multiple agents. Moreover, commitments make people willing to rely upon each other, and thereby contribute to sustaining characteristically human social institutions such as jobs, money, government and marriage. However, it is not well understood how people identify and assess the level of their own and others’ commitments. The Philosophy and Psychology of Commitment explores and explains the philosophical and cognitive intricacies of commitment. John Michael considers how commitments motivate us and their often implicit and tacit nature. To flesh out the philosophical framework of his argument he draws on experimental work with young children, adults and human-robot interaction within the context of joint action, considering the role of the emotions and whether very young children are sensitive to commitment. Providing an important account of the nature and operation of commitment, this book is essential reading for those working in philosophy of psychology, cognitive science, experimental philosophy, and social and developmental psychology. It will also be of interest to those working in emerging fields such as human-robot interaction and behavioural economics.

Moral Imagination

Mark Johnson
Moral Imagination Book PDF

Author : Mark Johnson
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2014-12-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780226223230

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Moral Imagination by Mark Johnson Pdf

Using path-breaking discoveries of cognitive science, Mark Johnson argues that humans are fundamentally imaginative moral animals, challenging the view that morality is simply a system of universal laws dictated by reason. According to the Western moral tradition, we make ethical decisions by applying universal laws to concrete situations. But Johnson shows how research in cognitive science undermines this view and reveals that imagination has an essential role in ethical deliberation. Expanding his innovative studies of human reason in Metaphors We Live By and The Body in the Mind, Johnson provides the tools for more practical, realistic, and constructive moral reflection.

Are Mental Disorders Brain Disorders?

Anneli Jefferson
Are Mental Disorders Brain Disorders Book PDF

Author : Anneli Jefferson
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2022-04-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000617719

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Are Mental Disorders Brain Disorders? by Anneli Jefferson Pdf

The question of whether mental disorders are disorders of the brain has led to a long-running and controversial dispute within psychiatry, psychology and philosophy of mind and psychology. While recent work in neuroscience frequently tries to identify underlying brain dysfunction in mental disorders, detractors argue that labelling mental disorders as brain disorders is reductive and can result in harmful social effects. This book brings a much-needed philosophical perspective to bear on this important question. Anneli Jefferson argues that while there is widespread agreement on paradigmatic cases of brain disorder such as brain cancer, Parkinson's or Alzheimer’s dementia, there is far less clarity on what the general, defining characteristics of brain disorders are. She identifies influential notions of brain disorder and shows why these are problematic. On her own, alternative, account, what counts as dysfunctional at the level of the brain frequently depends on what counts as dysfunctional at the psychological level. On this notion of brain disorder, she argues, many of the consequences people often associate with the brain disorder label do not follow. She also explores the important practical question of how to deal with the fact that many people do draw unlicensed inferences about treatment, personal responsibility or etiology from the information that a condition is a brain disorder or involves brain dysfunction.