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Author : Yan Tong,Zhi Wen,Xin Huang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2023-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832516041
Author : Chin-Chak Ho,何阡澤
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2017-01-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1361042273
This dissertation, "Multimodal MRI Investigation of Eye and Visual Brain" by Chin-chak, Ho, 何阡澤, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Although the eyes are physically isolated from the visual brain, the physiology and integrity of the eye are central to several eye diseases and neurodegeneration in the visual brain. MRI provides non-invasive, longitudinal and multi-parametric assessments of the visual system without depth limitation. The objective of this doctoral work is to develop and apply multimodal MRI for the assessment of aqueous humor dynamics, ocular fibrous tissue and visual pathway integrity in the visual system. The functional response in neural systems were further explored with BOLD and diffusion fMRI. Firstly, dynamic Gd-MRI was applied to visualize and assess aqueous humor dynamics upon sustained intraocular pressure elevation and pharmacological interventions. The results reflect the reduced gadolinium clearance upon microbead occlusion and respective drug actions after ocular hypotensive drug treatment. Abnormal gadolinium leakage into the vitreous was found in compromised aqueous-vitreous or blood-ocular barrier integrity. Gd-MRI allows spatiotemporal and quantitative evaluation of altered aqueous humor dynamics and ocular tissue permeability. Secondly, MAMRI was employed to reveal the structural details of the corneoscleral shell and their changes upon intraocular pressure elevation. At magic angle, high-resolution MRI revealed distinct scleral and corneal lamellar fibers, and collagen fiber crimps. Loaded sclera and cornea possessed significantly higher T2 and T2* than unloaded tissues at magic angle, suggestive of the changes in collagen fiber crimp and alignment. MAMRI can detect ocular fibrous microstructures without contrast agents, and can reveal their MR tissue property changes with IOP loading. Thirdly, multimodal MRI was utilized to investigate the effects of biomechanical or biochemical modulation on the sclera and cornea tissues. T2 in corneoscleral shell increased non-linearly with IOP loading and remained longer than unloaded tissues after being unpressurized. Biomechanical loading increased fractional anisotropy in the corneoscleral shell, while increasing glyceraldehyde and chondroitinase-ABC concentrations decreased diffusivities and increased magnetization transfer in cornea. Glyceraldehyde also increased magnetization transfer in sclera. The changes in MRI contrast mechanisms upon various modulation of the eye provide insight to the pathophysiological mechanisms in the corneoscleral shell and the efficacy of corneoscleral treatments. Fourthly, the effects of excitotoxic retinal injury on the retinal thickness, microstructual integrity and anterograde transport was evaluated in vivo by DTI, MEMRI and OCT. Directional diffusivities in the visual pathway and their correlations with retinal thickness suggested anterograde axonal degeneration and delayed demyelination along the visual pathway. The splenium of corpus callosum was reorganized at 4 weeks post injury. Furthermore, the NMDA-injured visual pathway showed reduced anterograde manganese transport. These results characterized the spatiotemporal changes in white matter integrity, the eye-brain relationships and structural-physiological relationships in the visual system. Lastly, BOLD and diffusion fMRI were used to explore the functional responses of neural systems. The efficacy of using unisensory stimuli to elicit cross-modal activation was examined by BOLD fMRI improving the understanding to cortical cross-modal activity and its influence
Author : Bin Jing,Yingying Tang,Yoonmi Hong,Ye Wu
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2024-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832547595
Nowadays, exploring the brain-behavior relationship via MRI, EEG, fNIRS, and MEG has become a research hotspot further accelerated by the emergence of large-sample open-source datasets, such as UK Biobank, Human Connectome Project, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Healthy Volunteer Dataset, the TUH EEG CORPUS, and many other multimodal datasets. Many prior studies have conducted various prediction tasks in different populations (from infants to adults; from healthy subjects to patients) with miscellaneous imaging modalities, however, to construct a precise, generalizable, and reproducible brain-behavior relationship is still facing many challenges, for example, individual variability, multi-site heterogeneity, imaging result interpretability, model generalization, low prediction performance, and lack of clinical applications
Author : Xin Huang,Yu-Chen Chen,Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah,Zhi Wen
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2023-10-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832536100
Author : Dewen Hu,Ling-Li Zeng
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789813295230
This book presents recent advances in pattern analysis of the human connectome. The human connectome, measured by magnetic resonance imaging at the macroscale, provides a comprehensive description of how brain regions are connected. Based on machine learning methods, multiviarate pattern analysis can directly decode psychological or cognitive states from brain connectivity patterns. Although there are a number of works with chapters on conventional human connectome encoding (brain-mapping), there are few resources on human connectome decoding (brain-reading). Focusing mainly on advances made over the past decade in the field of manifold learning, sparse coding, multi-task learning, and deep learning of the human connectome and applications, this book helps students and researchers gain an overall picture of pattern analysis of the human connectome. It also offers valuable insights for clinicians involved in the clinical diagnosis and treatment evaluation of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Author : Wibke S. Müller-Forell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2005-12-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783540279891
Deals with imaging of pathology of the visual system. This book is divided into two parts, general and special. In the general part, important basics of modern imaging methods are discussed. The knowledge on the indication, technique, and results of functional MR imaging is also presented.
Author : W.Wolfgang Fleischhacker,David J. Brooks
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783709161371
Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of heart attacks, strokes and peripheral vascular disease, is one of the major killers in the world. By 2020 WHO statistics indicate that it will be the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in both the industrialised world and the underdeveloped world. The disease develops slowly over many years in the innermost layer of large and medium-sized arteries (Fig. 1) (Scott, 1995; Ross, 1999; Naumova and Scott, 2000; Glass and Witztum, 2001; Libby, 2001). It does not usually become manifest before the fourth of fifth decade, but then often strikes with devas tating suddenness. Fifty per cent of individuals still die (25 per cent immedi ately) from their first heart attack; and morbidity from coronary heart disease and stroke is very significant. The disease has a profound impact on health care services and on industrial economies. The lesions of atherosclerosis Autopsy studies show that in humans atherosclerosis begins in the first and second decade of life. A similar disease can be produced in experimental animals, where diet and genetics can be manipulated to produce identical lesions. The earliest lesions are fatty streaks. These consist of an accumulation of lipid-engorged macrophages (foam cells) and T and B lymphocytes in the arterial intima. With time, the fatty streaks progress to intermediate lesions, composed of foam cells and smooth muscle cells.
Author : Stefan Blüml,Ashok Panigrahy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781441958648
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a modality available on most clinical MR scanners and readily integrated with standard MR imaging (MRI). For the brain in particular, MRS has been a powerful research tool providing additional clinically relevant information for several disease families such as brain tumors, metabolic disorders, and systemic diseases. The most widely-available MRS method, proton (1H; hydrogen) spectroscopy, is FDA approved for general use in the US and can be ordered by clinicians for patient studies if indicated. There are several books available that describe applications of MRS in adults. However, to the best of our knowledge there is currently no book available that focuses exclusively on applications in pediatrics. MR spectroscopy in the pediatric population is different from adults for two main reasons. Particularly in the newborn phase the brain undergoes biochemical maturation with dramatic changes of the "normal" biochemical fingerprint. Secondly, brain diseases in the pediatric population are different from adult disorders. For example, brain tumors, which are mostly gliomas in the adults, often originate from different cell types and are also more diverse even within the same type and grade of tumor. This diversity of diseases and its implications for MR spectroscopy has not been addressed sufficiently in the literature, we believe. The target audience for "MR Spectroscopy of Pediatric Brain Disorders" are thus both clinicians and researchers involved with pediatric brain disorders. This includes radiologists, neurologists, neurooncologists, neurosurgeons, and more broadly the neuroscience and neurobiology community. This book will provide the necessary background information to understand the basics of MR spectroscopy. This will be followed by a detailed discussion of the normal biochemical maturation which will highlight the metabolic differences between the pediatric and adult brain. Thereafter, in SECTION I individual chapters will address various pediatric brain disease families. Of particular importance for pediatrics are case studies. For that reason, SECTION II will contain a large number of case studies. This will be particularly important for clinicians who may want to see examples of MRS for various conditions. A standardized format will be used for case reports that allow the reader to quickly understand the history of each case presented and the significance of the findings. The case reports will also include information from other imaging modalities to point out any added value of MRS in addition to conventional studies and clinical information. This section is necessary because the format of providing more complete information about individual patients is not practical for the chapters in SECTION I.
Author : Judith M. Rumsey,Monique Ernst
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2009-02-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781139476751
Modern neuroimaging offers tremendous opportunities for gaining insights into normative development and a wide array of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on ontogeny, this text covers basic processes involved in both healthy and atypical maturation, and also addresses the range of neuroimaging techniques most widely used for studying children. This book will enable you to understand normative structural and functional brain maturation and the mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes; become familiar with current knowledge and hypotheses concerning the neural bases of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders; and learn about neuroimaging techniques, including their unique strengths and limitations. Coverage includes normal developmental processes, atypical processing in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, ethical issues, neuroimaging techniques and their integration with psychopharmacologic and molecular genetic research approaches, and future directions. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and radiologists concerned with normal development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
Author : Shengxiang Liang,Georgios A. Keliris,Baoci Shan,Jie Wang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2023-03-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832517130
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1972-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0080861601
Progress in Brain Research is the most acclaimed and accomplished series in neuroscience. The serial is well-established as an extensive documentation of contemporary advances in the field. The volumes contain authoritative reviews and original articles by invited specialists. The rigorous editing of the volumes assures that they will appeal to all laboratory and clinical brain research workers in the various disciplines: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuropathology, basic neurology, biological psychiatry and the behavioral sciences.
Author : Clarence Leroy Holmes
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1923
Category : Farm tenancy
ISBN : UCAL:B2676400
Author : Kostas Fountas
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789535109235
Emerging imaging modalities continuously increase the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of neuroimaging, and have transformed diagnostic radiology into a powerful research and clinical tool. Various novel neuroimaging modalities have become of paramount importance, not only in establishing diagnosis but also in guiding surgical intervention, and in evaluating the treatment effect. Advanced MR based techniques such as Fractional Anisotropy, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Proton Spectroscopy, and task-generated as well as resting-state functional MRI have tremendously increased the power of the modern neuroscientist’s armamentarium. The employment of advanced neuroimaging techniques have been expanded in the scientific fields of neuropsychology, consumer’s psychology, and forensic medicine. Our current textbook presents exactly a collection of such innovative work, and explores new frontiers, and future applications of neuroimaging
Author : Stephen J. Wood,Nicholas B. Allen,Christos Pantelis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2009-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780521862899
Describes neuropsychological approaches to the investigation, description, measurement and management of a wide range of mental illnesses.
Author : Katrin Amunts,Lucio Grandinetti,Thomas Lippert,Nicolai Petkov
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2021-07-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030824273
This open access book constitutes revised selected papers from the 4th International Workshop on Brain-Inspired Computing, BrainComp 2019, held in Cetraro, Italy, in July 2019. The 11 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. They deal with research on brain atlasing, multi-scale models and simulation, HPC and data infra-structures for neuroscience as well as artificial and natural neural architectures.
