Mycotoxins

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Mycotoxins Study

Cristina Juan García
Mycotoxins Study Book PDF

Author : Cristina Juan García
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2021-09-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783036514161

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Mycotoxins Study by Cristina Juan García Pdf

The evaluation of the presence of mycotoxins in different matrices is achieved through different analytical tools (including quantitative or qualitative determinations). Studies of mycotoxin isolation, using chromatographyc equipment coupled to spectrometry detectors (QTrap-MS/MS, MS/MS tandem, QTOF-MS/MS), are the most useful tools to control their presence. All these studies represent key steps in the establishment of the limits of detection, limits of quantification, points of identification, accuracy, reproducibility, and repeatability of different procedures. The maximum permitted or recommended levels for mycotoxins in different matrices are within a wide range (including the levels tolerated by infants and animals). In addition, decontaminated strategies, as well as control and evaluation of exposure, are demanded by authorities and food safety systems. These authorities are not only concerned with the determination of mycotoxin presence but also with the toxicological effects of mycotoxins, and in vivo or in vitro assays are necessary for a complete evaluation. In fact, these assays are the basis for the control and prevention of population exposure to mycotoxins in dietary exposure studies. The most recent surveys focused on regulated mycotoxins (aflatoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, and zearalenones) and emerging toxins, such as enniatins and beauvericin in adult consumers, while very few studies have monitored mycotoxin levels in infant products. This Book of Toxins comprises 11 original contributions and one review. New findings regarding presence of mycotoxins in aromatic and medicinal plants, mango and orange juice, juices, pulps, jams, and beer, from Morocco, Pakistan, and Portugal are reported. In these studies, innovative techniques to study their presence has been developed, including liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyse mycotoxins and conjugated mycotoxins. Novel strategies to detect mycotoxin presence and comparisons the characteristics of a rapid quantitative analysis of different mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, patulin, sterigmatocystin, and zearalenone) are also presented using acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterases and photobacterial strains of luminescent cells. Additionally, toxicological effects of zearalenone metabolites and beauvericin on SH-SY5Y neuronal cells are presented. One important point in the control of mycotoxins is related to decontaminated strategies, and in this sense the efficacy of potentially probiotic fruit-derived Lactobacillus isolates in removing aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is presented. Other mycotoxin decontaminated techniques included in this book are electron beam irradiation (EBI) and degradation of zearalenone and ochratoxin A using ozone. Finally, a review that summarizes the newly discovered macrocyclic trichothecenes and their bioactivities over the last decade is included.

Mycotoxins in Food, Feed and Bioweapons

Mahendra Rai,Ajit Varma
Mycotoxins in Food Feed and Bioweapons Book PDF

Author : Mahendra Rai,Ajit Varma
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2009-10-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642007255

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Mycotoxins in Food, Feed and Bioweapons by Mahendra Rai,Ajit Varma Pdf

Mycotoxins are made by different biosynthetic pathways, and they have an extremely wide range of pharmacological effects. This book will update readers on several cutting-edge aspects of mycotoxin research, including topics such as: new analytical methods for detection; the adoption of an ancient Mexican process for detoxification of aflatoxins; mycotoxin management in Ireland, Lithuania and South America; mycotoxin reduction through plant breeding and integrated management practices; and natural aflatoxin inhibitors from medicinal plants. Further contributions examine ochratoxins, selected trichothecenes, zearalenone, and aflatoxin-like gene clusters, as well as sclerotial development in Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Of particular interest are the chapters on the potential use of mycotoxins as bioweapons. This book will stimulate new thinking on the need to develop therapeutic as well as preventative interventions to reduce the toxicological threat of mycotoxins.

Mycotoxins in Food

N Magan,M Olsen
Mycotoxins in Food Book PDF

Author : N Magan,M Olsen
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2004-07-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781855739086

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Mycotoxins in Food by N Magan,M Olsen Pdf

Mycotoxins, toxic compounds produced by fungi, pose a significant contamination risk in both animal feed and foods for human consumption. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Mycotoxins in food summarises the wealth of recent research on how to assess the risks from mycotoxins, detect particular mycotoxins and control them at differing stages in the supply chain. Part one addresses risk assessment techniques, sampling methods, modelling and detection techniques used to measure the risk of mycotoxin contamination and the current regulations governing mycotoxin limits in food. Part two looks at how the risk of contamination may be controlled, with chapters on the use of HACCP systems and mycotoxin control at different stages in the supply chain. Two case studies demonstrate how these controls work for particular products. The final section details particular mycotoxins, from ochratoxin A and patulin to zearalenone and fumonisins. Mycotoxins in food is a standard reference for all those concerned with ensuring the safety of food. Discusses the wealth of recent research in this important area Covers risk assessment, detection of particular mycotoxins and how to control them throughout the supply chain Describes how the risk of contamination can be controlled, including the use of HACCP systems

Mycotoxins and Food Safety

Jonathan W. DeVries,Mary W. Trucksess,Lauren S. Jackson
Mycotoxins and Food Safety Book PDF

Author : Jonathan W. DeVries,Mary W. Trucksess,Lauren S. Jackson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2002-03-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0306467801

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Mycotoxins and Food Safety by Jonathan W. DeVries,Mary W. Trucksess,Lauren S. Jackson Pdf

Mycotoxins, from the Greek "mukes" referring to fungi or slime molds and toxin from the Latin "toxicum" referencing a poison for arrows, have earned their reputation for being potentially deleterious to the health and well being of a consuming organism, whether it be animal or human. Unfortunately, mycotoxins are a ubiquitous factor in the natural life cycle of food producing plants. As such, control of the potential impact of mycotoxins on food safety relies heavily upon accurate analysis and surveys followed by commodity segregation and restricted use or decontamination through processing. The purpose of this book is to provide the most comprehensive and current information on the topic of mycotoxins and assuring food safety. Chapters represented in the book reflect such diverse topics ranging from occurrence and impact, analysis, reduction through processing and plant breeding, toxicology and safety assessments to regulatory perspectives. Authors represent a range of international perspectives.

Mycotoxins

J. E. Smith,M. O. Moss
Mycotoxins Book PDF

Author : J. E. Smith,M. O. Moss
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1985-12-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015009506067

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Mycotoxins by J. E. Smith,M. O. Moss Pdf

Discussed in this book are the nature, origin, activity and control of the poisonous metabolites of moulds known as mycotoxins.

Mycotoxins in Fruits and Vegetables

R. Barkai-Golan,Nachman Paster
Mycotoxins in Fruits and Vegetables Book PDF

Author : R. Barkai-Golan,Nachman Paster
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2011-09-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080557854

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Mycotoxins in Fruits and Vegetables by R. Barkai-Golan,Nachman Paster Pdf

Mycotoxins are toxins produced by aerobic, microscopic fungus under special conditions of moisture and temperature. They colonize in a variety of foods from harvest to the grocer. Mycotoxins have gained world wide interest in recent years with the revelation of the effect of these toxins on health. A current example is the presence of ochratoxin A, a human carcinogen and nephrotoxin, in wines. The increased concern about fruit safety has led to increased studies throughout the world and enhanced awareness for stringent regulations governing mycotoxin limits in food. Presented in three defined sections, this is the first book to provide comprehensive analysis of the main mycotoxins contaminating fruits and vegetables and their derived products. The first section provides a safety evaluation of mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables, details regarding factors affecting mycotoxin production and diffusion in the fruit tissue, and recent methods for detection of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins produced by the fungi. The second part takes a critical look at the main individual mycotoxins and the third section focuses on approaches for prevention and control. * The first book dedicated to mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables * Presents mycological, mycotoxicological and phytopathological aspects of fruits and vegetables * Includes an analysis of detection, prevention and control methods for mycotoxigenic fungi and the mycotoxins they produce * Provides a complete risk assessment and safety evaluation of mycotoxins in perishable produce

Mycotoxins

John F. Leslie,Ranajit Bandyopadhyay,A. Visconti
Mycotoxins Book PDF

Author : John F. Leslie,Ranajit Bandyopadhyay,A. Visconti
Publisher : CABI
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781845930820

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Mycotoxins by John F. Leslie,Ranajit Bandyopadhyay,A. Visconti Pdf

This book is an outcome of the MycoGlobe conference in Accra. Most of the chapters are based on invited oral presentations made at the conference. The chapters in this book touch on issues including health, trade, ecology, epidemiology, occurrence, detection, management, awareness and policy. This book serves as a source of information on the occurrence and impact of mycotoxins on everything from trade and health to agricultural production in addition to suggesting opportunities for their management in Africa and elsewhere by researchers, policy makers and development investors.

Improving Public Health Through Mycotoxin Control

International Agency for Research on Cancer
Improving Public Health Through Mycotoxin Control Book PDF

Author : International Agency for Research on Cancer
Publisher : IARC Scientific Publications
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9283221583

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Improving Public Health Through Mycotoxin Control by International Agency for Research on Cancer Pdf

Mycotoxins are fungal toxins that contaminate many of the most frequently consumed foods and feeds worldwide, including staple foods consumed by many of the poorest and most vulnerable populations in the world. Therefore, human and animal exposure to one or more of this broad group of toxins is widespread. Mycotoxins have the potential to contribute to a diversity of adverse health effects in humans, including cancer, even at low concentrations. Economic burdens resulting from crop contamination are added to those on health. Given the ubiquitous nature of exposure in many countries, an urgent need exists for a coordinated international response to the problem of mycotoxin contamination of food. This book aims to sensitize the international community to the mycotoxin problem in a format that is accessible to a wide audience and is useful to decision-makers across a broad spectrum of disciplines, including agriculture, public health, marketing, and economics. The editors hope that this book will be a stimulus to governments, nongovernmental and international organizations, and the private sector to initiate measures designed to minimize mycotoxin exposure in high-risk populations. The book not only provides a scientific description of the occurrence and effects of mycotoxins but also goes further by outlining approaches to reduce mycotoxin exposure aimed at improving public health in low-income countries.

Encyclopedia of Food Mycotoxins

Martin Weidenbörner
Encyclopedia of Food Mycotoxins Book PDF

Author : Martin Weidenbörner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662044643

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Encyclopedia of Food Mycotoxins by Martin Weidenbörner Pdf

All relevant toxin producing fungi, their natural occurence, the possible mycotoxicosis, further the biochemical and physiological effects of mycotoxins, their chemical data and toxicity are treated here comprehensively. For each fungi, reference is given to the food at risk. All foods which have been reported to be contaminated with mycotoxins are listed, including data on the degree of contamination, the concentration of the toxins and the country of origin and/or detection of the contaminated food.

The Biosynthesis of Mycotoxins

Pieter Steyn
The Biosynthesis of Mycotoxins Book PDF

Author : Pieter Steyn
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780323149938

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The Biosynthesis of Mycotoxins by Pieter Steyn Pdf

The Biosynthesis of Mycotoxins: A Study in Secondary Metabolism focuses on the biosynthetic analysis of mycotoxins, which are inherently a heterogeneous group of metabolites that are formed along the terpene route and the route polyketide, as well as from amino acids. This book discusses the unique biological properties and structural complexity of the highly specialized secondary microbial metabolites. Organized into 12 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the characteristics of secondary metabolites, including their problematic function and the combination of their structural diversity with their restricted biological occurrence. This text then explains the sporadic occurrence of the mycotoxins as fungal metabolites. Other chapters explore ergochromes, which are a group of light yellow mycotoxins that are isolated from ergot, mold fungi, and lichens. The final chapter discusses the biosynthesis of several unrelated fungal metabolites for which toxicological data are reported. Biochemists, organic chemists, mycologists, enzymologists, plant pathologists, toxicologists, and graduate students will find this book useful.

The Mycotoxin Blue Book

Duarte Diaz
The Mycotoxin Blue Book Book PDF

Author : Duarte Diaz
Publisher : Context Products
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1899043527

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The Mycotoxin Blue Book by Duarte Diaz Pdf

Moulds and the mycotoxins they produce, have a wide-ranging economic impact on animal agriculture on every continent of the globe. Mould growth robs feed nutritive value and reduces intake, which lowers efficiency. Mycotoxins, even when present at levels previously considered 'trace', have negative effects on performance and health, particularly in the context of today's more highly productive modern livestock genetics. Food-borne toxins also threaten human health through contaminated cereal and protein sources and transfer of toxins in food animal products. The Mycotoxin Blue Book focuses on the physiological effects and field occurrence of mycotoxins. Detailed information on types of moulds and mycotoxins and the conditions under which moulds flourish is included. Implications of mycotoxin contamination of feedstuffs for all major food animal species are presented in addition to aquaculture and companion animals. Sampling and analytical issues are covered in depth; as is the topic of mycotoxins in human foods. Finally, practical means of ameliorating mycotoxin effects are addressed. It is the hope of the editor and authors that the material herein will lead to clearer recognition of mycotoxin problems and ultimately to ways of reducing their impact on food animal production. An excellent guide for nutritionists, advisors, farmers and students involved with and using animal feed. Contents: Sampling feeds for mycotoxin analysis Mycotoxins: their effects in poultry and some practical solutions Effects of mycotoxins in horses Effects of mycotoxins on domestic pet species Effects of mycotoxins on antioxidant status and immunity Mycotoxins in aquaculture Principles and applications of mycotoxin analysis Mycotoxins in the human food chain Mould growth and mycotoxin production Current concepts in mycotoxicoses in swine Mycotoxins in forages Mycotoxin interactions Mycotoxins: metabolism, mechanisms and biochemical markers Effects of mycotoxins in ruminants Mycotoxin sequestering agents: practical tools for the neutralisation of mycotoxins Index

Mycotoxin Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Christopher P. Wild,J. D. Miller,J. D. Groopman
Mycotoxin Control in Low and Middle Income Countries Book PDF

Author : Christopher P. Wild,J. D. Miller,J. D. Groopman
Publisher : IARC Working Group Report
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2016-02-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9283225090

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Mycotoxin Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries by Christopher P. Wild,J. D. Miller,J. D. Groopman Pdf

This book provides an evaluation of measures to reduce exposure to highly toxic and carcinogenic contaminants in staple diets in Africa as well as parts of Asia and Latin America. Many of the poorest people in these regions are exposed to the pervasive natural toxins, aflatoxins and fumonisins, on a daily basis by eating their staple diet of groundnuts, maize, and other cereals. Exposure to mycotoxins at these high levels substantially increases mortality and morbidity. Aflatoxins are a cause of human liver cancer, and fatalities from acute aflatoxin poisoning outbreaks occur in Africa and Asia. The International Agency for Research on Cancer convened a Working Group of world-leading experts to review the health effects of aflatoxins and fumonisins and to evaluate intervention measures. The panel concluded that these mycotoxins not only are a cause of acute poisoning and cancer but also are a likely contributor to the high levels of stunting in children in affected populations. The Working Group also identified effective measures to reduce exposure in developing countries. The panel evaluated 15 interventions, considering the strength of the evidence as well as its completeness and its transferability at an individual, community, or national level. Four of the interventions were judged to be ready for implementation: improvement of dietary diversity; crop sorting; post-harvest measures, including improved storage; and, in Latin America for maize, optimized nixtamalization. These recommendations would be relevant for investment of public, nongovernmental organization, and private funds at the scale of the subsistence farmer, the smallholder, and through to a more advanced value chain.

Mycotoxins

Cesar Rios
Mycotoxins Book PDF

Author : Cesar Rios
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : MEDICAL
ISBN : 1634835816

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Mycotoxins by Cesar Rios Pdf

Exposure to certain types of mycotoxins, the bioactive secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi, significantly impact the animal industry as well as human health. The contamination of food with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem in animal production and direct consequences are the reducing of food intake and production. In this book, the authors increase the public awareness of the implications of certain types of mycotoxins exposure to promote the health of livestock as well as the general public; an analysis of trichothecens (TCEs), a large group of mycotoxins, and their impact on lifestock health and production are also examined, as well as the occurrence of mycotoxins in animal products such as goat milk. Different strategies implemented for the analysis of a wide spectrum of mycotoxins, as well as their advantages and disadvantages are provided by the authors. In the next few chapters, the occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and cereal products and in particular, their toxic properties are looked at; a discussion on deoxynivalenol (DON) and related 8-ketotrichothecene mycotoxins, which are extensively distributed in cereal-based foods and feed stuffs worldwide are reviewed; potential toxigenic fungi from diverse habitats are identified with special emphasis on the methods as well as on the genetic markers employed; the importance of performing exposure assessments to Aflatoxin B and some of the most important aspects to consider in the risk assessment process, including the simultaneous presence of other mycotoxins and the challenge of choosing the most suitable method to perform exposure assessment are analyzed; and finally, a review of the occurrence of dietary mycotoxins in Africa as well as the advances in analytical methods of mycotoxin extraction and detection over the last decade is provided.

Encyclopedia of Food Mycotoxins

Martin Weidenbörner
Encyclopedia of Food Mycotoxins Book PDF

Author : Martin Weidenbörner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2001-03-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3540675566

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Encyclopedia of Food Mycotoxins by Martin Weidenbörner Pdf

All relevant toxin producing fungi, their natural occurence, the possible mycotoxicosis, further the biochemical and physiological effects of mycotoxins, their chemical data and toxicity are treated here comprehensively. For each fungi, reference is given to the food at risk. All foods which have been reported to be contaminated with mycotoxins are listed, including data on the degree of contamination, the concentration of the toxins and the country of origin and/or detection of the contaminated food.

Molds, Mushrooms, and Mycotoxins

Clyde M. Christensen
Molds Mushrooms and Mycotoxins Book PDF

Author : Clyde M. Christensen
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1975-05-22
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780816657292

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Molds, Mushrooms, and Mycotoxins by Clyde M. Christensen Pdf

Molds, Mushrooms, and Mycotoxins was first published in 1975. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. As Professor Christensen has made evident in his earlier books, including The Molds and Man,fungi are significantly interesting in their life-styles and in the many ways in which they affect man. Here he continues his exploration of the lives of the fungi and their relation to man, focusing on the harmful or dangerous effects which certain molds, mushrooms, and other fungi can have on human beings. The first several chapters deal with fungi that are toxic in one way or another: either the fungi themselves are toxic when consumed, as with poisonous mushrooms and ergot, or the fungi secrete toxic compounds that diffuse into the substance on which they grow, making that substance toxic when eaten. He discusses hallucinogenic as well as poisonous mushrooms and provides extensive information about mycotoxins in human and animal foods, which are recently discovered health hazards. Other chapters deal with fungus spores, which are a major cause of respiratory allergies, and with fungi which are predators or parasites of insects and nematodes. A chapter is devoted to fungus infections of man and animals, which at times constitute a serious public health problem. Another chapter discusses the nature, cause, and prevention of wood decay in trees and buildings. In a final chapter the author discusses some aspects of organic evolution in general as a background for presenting theories and facts on the evolution of fungi. He summarizes some of the ways in which fungi enter into our lives and economy, and looks to the role of fungi in the future. The illustrations, in both black and white and color, show some of the fungi and processes that are discussed.