Nation Building And Ethnic Integration In Post Soviet Societies
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Nation Building And Ethnic Integration In Post-soviet Societies by Jorn Holm-hansen Pdf
Of all the states of the former Soviet Union, it is in Latvia and in Kazakstan that the titular nation represents the lowest share of the total population: as of 1997, approximately 57 per cent in Latvia and 50 per cent in Kazakstan. In such a situation it is difficult to see how the titular (Latvian, Kazak) culture can serve as a consolidating ele
Nation Building And Ethnic Integration In Post-soviet Societies by Pal Kolsto Pdf
Of all the states of the former Soviet Union, it is in Latvia and in Kazakstan that the titular nation represents the lowest share of the total population: as of 1997, approximately 57% in Latvia and 50% in Kazakstan. In such a situation it is difficult to see how the titular (Latvian, Kazak) culture can serve as a consolidating element in the nation-building project. And yet, in both of these states nation-building seem to follow the same general post-Soviet pattern: the traditions and symbols of the titular nations form the basis, while the remainder of the population gets treated as ethnic 'minorities'. But is this at all possible? Is half of the population supposed to be "integrated" into the other half--and, if so, what will be the result? It is a remarkable fact that faced with these formidable challenges Latvia and Kazakstan have so far been basically spared the kind of communal violence which has erupted in many other Soviet successor states. This book gives an in-depth analysis of ethnopolitics in Latvia and Kazakhstan and explores the reasons for this tranquil outcome.
Nation-Building and Common Values in Russia by Pål Kolstø,Helge Blakkisrud Pdf
Contributors analyse the preconditions for and processes of nation-building, while the new element is the focus on values in the largest post-Soviet state, Russia.
The dissolution of the Soviet Union has provided scholars with tremendously rich material for the study of comparative nation building. Not since the decolonization of Africa in the 1960s have so many new states been established in one stroke in one region. The post-Soviet states, moreover, have all the necessary prerequisites for fruitful comparison: a number of similarities, but also significant differences in terms of size, culture, and recent history. In order to survive in the long run, modern states normally must have a population that possesses some sense of unity. Its citizens must adhere to some common values and common allegiance towards the same state institutions and symbols. This does not means that all inhabitants must necessarily share the same culture, but they should at least regard themselves as members of the same nation. Strategies to foster this kind of common nationhood in a population are usually referred to as 'nation building'. After a decade of post-Soviet nation building certain patterns are emerging, and not always the most obvious ones. Some states seem to manage well against high odds, while others appear to be disintegrating or sinking slowly into oblivion. To a remarkable degree the former Soviet republics have chosen different models for their nation building. This book examines the preconditions for these endeavors, the goals the state leaders are aiming at, and the means they employ to reach them. }
National Integration and Violent Conflict in Post-Soviet Societies by Pål Kolstø Pdf
The theory presented in this work's predecessor, Nation-Building and Ethnic Integration in Post-Soviet Societies: An Investigation of Latvia and Kazakhstan (1999), fails to explain why the Dniester war of 1992 broke out in Moldova while Estonia remained free of large- scale violence. Kolsto (Russian and East European area studies, U. of Oslo, Norway) presents six contributions that revisit the question of when ethnic strife is likely to break out after the removal of authoritarian government. After reviewing candidates for explanatory theories, four country studies explore the evidence and one contribution discusses the international setting. The final chapter compares theory to evidence and concludes that theories of resources and opportunities available to various groups are better predictors of violence than theories of grievances and relative discriminations. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Nation-Building and Identity in the Post-Soviet Space by Rico Isaacs,Abel Polese Pdf
Nation-building as a process is never complete and issues related to identity, nation, state and regime-building are recurrent in the post-Soviet region. This comparative, inter-disciplinary volume explores how nation-building tools emerged and evolved over the last twenty years. Featuring in-depth case studies from countries throughout the post-Soviet space it compares various aspects of nation-building and identity formation projects. Approaching the issue from a variety of disciplines, and geographical areas, contributors illustrate chapter by chapter how different state and non-state actors utilise traditional instruments of nation-construction in new ways while also developing non-traditional tools and strategies to provide a contemporary account of how nation-formation efforts evolve and diverge.
Taming Nationalism? Political Community Building in the Post-Soviet Baltic States by Dovile Budryte Pdf
Revisiting the process of political community building in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, this book analyzes the roles that international actors have played in these processes and assesses the unintended consequences of this involvement. The study differs from other works on ethnic minorities and nationalism in the former Soviet Union by exploring the use of minority rights discourse and the salience of historical memory. Case studies examine the transformation of nationalism in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - all former Soviet republics - which have experienced Soviet nationalities policy first-hand. Primarily intended for an academic audience and practitioners interested in promoting tolerance in multi-ethnic societies, the book's historical narrative will also appeal to readers with a general interest in the former Soviet Union and post-Communism.
Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in and After the Soviet Union by Valery Tishkov Pdf
This text reconsiders established interpretations of ethnic factors in the former Soviet Union and in contemporary Russia, arguing that: ethnicity is a complex phenomenon playing a multi-faceted role; ethnicity is the most accessible and understandable basis for political mobilization; ethnicity is a means of access to power and resources in a transforming society; and ethnicity is a therapy for the great trauma suffered by nationalities under previous regimes. executed by dominant groups like the Russians, and its periphery (or defensive) forms, subscribed to mainly by ethnic minorities with diminished status. Both have common features and are prone to conflicts which constitute a major obstacle to civic nation-building and democratic reform. ethnic tensions and conflict. Grassroots ethnic attitudes and cultural interactions - which often contradict intellectual and political statements and claims, are measured. The book reveals the crucial role of well-educated elites in post-Soviet society and the high vulnerability to irresponsible manipulation of a poorly modernized populace. The contradictory nature and outcomes of public ethnic policies based on a doctrine of ethno-nationalism are analyzed. The conclusion reached is that Soviet and post-Soviet nations, as well as the violent ethno-politics, are rooted in the disparities and malfunctioning of the Soviet regime, and in the deliberate efforts to build a state on ethnic principles and encourage ethnic institutions and exclusive identities. multi-ethnic countries, Professor Tishkov suggests a strategy and mechanisms for governing conflicting ethnicity in complex societies. He seeks political structures and a public climate allowing the preservation of a cultural mosaic and group integrity within a policy of cultural pluralism, civil rights and individual freedom.
A new and comprehensive look at the reasons behind successful or failed nation building Nation Building presents bold new answers to an age-old question. Why is national integration achieved in some diverse countries, while others are destabilized by political inequality between ethnic groups, contentious politics, or even separatism and ethnic war? Traversing centuries and continents from early nineteenth-century Europe and Asia to Africa from the turn of the twenty-first century to today, Andreas Wimmer delves into the slow-moving forces that encourage political alliances to stretch across ethnic divides and build national unity. Using datasets that cover the entire world and three pairs of case studies, Wimmer’s theory of nation building focuses on slow-moving, generational processes: the spread of civil society organizations, linguistic assimilation, and the states’ capacity to provide public goods. Wimmer contrasts Switzerland and Belgium to demonstrate how the early development of voluntary organizations enhanced nation building; he examines Botswana and Somalia to illustrate how providing public goods can bring diverse political constituencies together; and he shows that the differences between China and Russia indicate how a shared linguistic space may help build political alliances across ethnic boundaries. Wimmer then reveals, based on the statistical analysis of large-scale datasets, that these mechanisms are at work around the world and explain nation building better than competing arguments such as democratic governance or colonial legacies. He also shows that when political alliances crosscut ethnic divides and when most ethnic communities are represented at the highest levels of government, the general populace will identify with the nation and its symbols, further deepening national political integration. Offering a long-term historical perspective and global outlook, Nation Building sheds important new light on the challenges of political integration in diverse countries.
The Soviet Union was hardly the first large, continuous, land-based, multinational empire to collapse in modern times. The USSR itself was, ironically, the direct result of one such demise, that of imperial Russia, which in turn was but one of several other such empires that did not survive the stresses of the times: the Austro-Hungarian Empire of the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire.This ambitious and important volume brings together a group of some of the most outstanding scholars in political science, history, and historical sociology to examine the causes of imperial decline and collapse. While they warn against facile comparisons, they also urge us to step back from the immediacy of current events to consider the possible significance of historical precedents.Is imperial decline inevitable, or can a kind of imperial stasis be maintained indefinitely? What role, if any, does the growth of bureaucracies needed to run large and complex political systems of this type play in economic and political stagnation? What is the “balance of power” between the center and the peripheries, between the dominant nationality and minorities? What coping mechanisms do empires tend to develop and what influence do these have? Is modernization the inexorable source of imperial decline and ultimate collapse? And what resources, including the imperial legacy, are available for political, social, and economic reconstruction in the aftermath of collapse? These are just a few of the tantalizing questions addressed by the contributors to this fascinating and timely volume.
Nation-building in the Context of Post-communist Transformation and Globalization by Raivo Vetik Pdf
This volume is devoted to the relationship between political and social dimensions of nation-building in Estonia. The authors of the volume analyse the Estonian nation-building since 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed and Estonia regained independence, in the context of post-communist transformation and globalization. Such a double macro-historical change has brought about highly polarized views in society between the ethnic Estonian and Russian-speaking communities on a number of key aspects of nationbuilding, like ethnic policy, meaning of national integration etc. The volume argues that national integration can progress only via formation of a unifying citizen identity in Estonia, embedded within democratic political processes.
