Natural Image Statistics

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Natural Image Statistics

Aapo Hyvärinen,Jarmo Hurri,Patrick O. Hoyer
Natural Image Statistics Book PDF

Author : Aapo Hyvärinen,Jarmo Hurri,Patrick O. Hoyer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2009-04-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781848824911

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Natural Image Statistics by Aapo Hyvärinen,Jarmo Hurri,Patrick O. Hoyer Pdf

Aims and Scope This book is both an introductory textbook and a research monograph on modeling the statistical structure of natural images. In very simple terms, “natural images” are photographs of the typical environment where we live. In this book, their statistical structure is described using a number of statistical models whose parameters are estimated from image samples. Our main motivation for exploring natural image statistics is computational m- eling of biological visual systems. A theoretical framework which is gaining more and more support considers the properties of the visual system to be re?ections of the statistical structure of natural images because of evolutionary adaptation processes. Another motivation for natural image statistics research is in computer science and engineering, where it helps in development of better image processing and computer vision methods. While research on natural image statistics has been growing rapidly since the mid-1990s, no attempt has been made to cover the ?eld in a single book, providing a uni?ed view of the different models and approaches. This book attempts to do just that. Furthermore, our aim is to provide an accessible introduction to the ?eld for students in related disciplines.

Image Statistics in Visual Computing

Tania Pouli,Erik Reinhard,Douglas W. Cunningham
Image Statistics in Visual Computing Book PDF

Author : Tania Pouli,Erik Reinhard,Douglas W. Cunningham
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781439874905

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Image Statistics in Visual Computing by Tania Pouli,Erik Reinhard,Douglas W. Cunningham Pdf

To achieve the complex task of interpreting what we see, our brains rely on statistical regularities and patterns in visual data. Knowledge of these regularities can also be considerably useful in visual computing disciplines, such as computer vision, computer graphics, and image processing. The field of natural image statistics studies the regular

Digital Image Forensics

Husrev Taha Sencar,Nasir Memon
Digital Image Forensics Book PDF

Author : Husrev Taha Sencar,Nasir Memon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461407577

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Digital Image Forensics by Husrev Taha Sencar,Nasir Memon Pdf

Photographic imagery has come a long way from the pinhole cameras of the nineteenth century. Digital imagery, and its applications, develops in tandem with contemporary society’s sophisticated literacy of this subtle medium. This book examines the ways in which digital images have become ever more ubiquitous as legal and medical evidence, just as they have become our primary source of news and have replaced paper-based financial documentation. Crucially, the contributions also analyze the very profound problems which have arisen alongside the digital image, issues of veracity and progeny that demand systematic and detailed response: It looks real, but is it? What camera captured it? Has it been doctored or subtly altered? Attempting to provide answers to these slippery issues, the book covers how digital images are created, processed and stored before moving on to set out the latest techniques for forensically examining images, and finally addressing practical issues such as courtroom admissibility. In an environment where even novice users can alter digital media, this authoritative publication will do much so stabilize public trust in these real, yet vastly flexible, images of the world around us.

Biologically Inspired Computer Vision

Gabriel Cristobal,Laurent Perrinet,Matthias S. Keil
Biologically Inspired Computer Vision Book PDF

Author : Gabriel Cristobal,Laurent Perrinet,Matthias S. Keil
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2015-08-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783527680498

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Biologically Inspired Computer Vision by Gabriel Cristobal,Laurent Perrinet,Matthias S. Keil Pdf

As the state-of-the-art imaging technologies became more and more advanced, yielding scientific data at unprecedented detail and volume, the need to process and interpret all the data has made image processing and computer vision increasingly important. Sources of data that have to be routinely dealt with today's applications include video transmission, wireless communication, automatic fingerprint processing, massive databanks, non-weary and accurate automatic airport screening, robust night vision, just to name a few. Multidisciplinary inputs from other disciplines such as physics, computational neuroscience, cognitive science, mathematics, and biology will have a fundamental impact in the progress of imaging and vision sciences. One of the advantages of the study of biological organisms is to devise very different type of computational paradigms by implementing a neural network with a high degree of local connectivity. This is a comprehensive and rigorous reference in the area of biologically motivated vision sensors. The study of biologically visual systems can be considered as a two way avenue. On the one hand, biological organisms can provide a source of inspiration for new computational efficient and robust vision models and on the other hand machine vision approaches can provide new insights for understanding biological visual systems. Along the different chapters, this book covers a wide range of topics from fundamental to more specialized topics, including visual analysis based on a computational level, hardware implementation, and the design of new more advanced vision sensors. The last two sections of the book provide an overview of a few representative applications and current state of the art of the research in this area. This makes it a valuable book for graduate, Master, PhD students and also researchers in the field.

Computer Vision – ECCV 2012

Andrew Fitzgibbon,Svetlana Lazebnik,Pietro Perona,Yoichi Sato,Cordelia Schmid
Computer Vision ECCV 2012 Book PDF

Author : Andrew Fitzgibbon,Svetlana Lazebnik,Pietro Perona,Yoichi Sato,Cordelia Schmid
Publisher : Springer
Page : 889 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-09-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642337093

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Computer Vision – ECCV 2012 by Andrew Fitzgibbon,Svetlana Lazebnik,Pietro Perona,Yoichi Sato,Cordelia Schmid Pdf

The seven-volume set comprising LNCS volumes 7572-7578 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2012, held in Florence, Italy, in October 2012. The 408 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1437 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on geometry, 2D and 3D shapes, 3D reconstruction, visual recognition and classification, visual features and image matching, visual monitoring: action and activities, models, optimisation, learning, visual tracking and image registration, photometry: lighting and colour, and image segmentation.

Modern Image Quality Assessment

Zhou Wang,Alan C. Bovik
Modern Image Quality Assessment Book PDF

Author : Zhou Wang,Alan C. Bovik
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2022-06-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031022388

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Modern Image Quality Assessment by Zhou Wang,Alan C. Bovik Pdf

This Lecture book is about objective image quality assessment—where the aim is to provide computational models that can automatically predict perceptual image quality. The early years of the 21st century have witnessed a tremendous growth in the use of digital images as a means for representing and communicating information. A considerable percentage of this literature is devoted to methods for improving the appearance of images, or for maintaining the appearance of images that are processed. Nevertheless, the quality of digital images, processed or otherwise, is rarely perfect. Images are subject to distortions during acquisition, compression, transmission, processing, and reproduction. To maintain, control, and enhance the quality of images, it is important for image acquisition, management, communication, and processing systems to be able to identify and quantify image quality degradations. The goals of this book are as follows; a) to introduce the fundamentals of image quality assessment, and to explain the relevant engineering problems, b) to give a broad treatment of the current state-of-the-art in image quality assessment, by describing leading algorithms that address these engineering problems, and c) to provide new directions for future research, by introducing recent models and paradigms that significantly differ from those used in the past. The book is written to be accessible to university students curious about the state-of-the-art of image quality assessment, expert industrial R&D engineers seeking to implement image/video quality assessment systems for specific applications, and academic theorists interested in developing new algorithms for image quality assessment or using existing algorithms to design or optimize other image processing applications.

Naked Statistics: Stripping the Dread from the Data

Charles Wheelan
Naked Statistics Stripping the Dread from the Data Book PDF

Author : Charles Wheelan
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2013-01-07
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780393089820

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Naked Statistics: Stripping the Dread from the Data by Charles Wheelan Pdf

A New York Times bestseller "Brilliant, funny…the best math teacher you never had." —San Francisco Chronicle Once considered tedious, the field of statistics is rapidly evolving into a discipline Hal Varian, chief economist at Google, has actually called "sexy." From batting averages and political polls to game shows and medical research, the real-world application of statistics continues to grow by leaps and bounds. How can we catch schools that cheat on standardized tests? How does Netflix know which movies you’ll like? What is causing the rising incidence of autism? As best-selling author Charles Wheelan shows us in Naked Statistics, the right data and a few well-chosen statistical tools can help us answer these questions and more. For those who slept through Stats 101, this book is a lifesaver. Wheelan strips away the arcane and technical details and focuses on the underlying intuition that drives statistical analysis. He clarifies key concepts such as inference, correlation, and regression analysis, reveals how biased or careless parties can manipulate or misrepresent data, and shows us how brilliant and creative researchers are exploiting the valuable data from natural experiments to tackle thorny questions. And in Wheelan’s trademark style, there’s not a dull page in sight. You’ll encounter clever Schlitz Beer marketers leveraging basic probability, an International Sausage Festival illuminating the tenets of the central limit theorem, and a head-scratching choice from the famous game show Let’s Make a Deal—and you’ll come away with insights each time. With the wit, accessibility, and sheer fun that turned Naked Economics into a bestseller, Wheelan defies the odds yet again by bringing another essential, formerly unglamorous discipline to life.

Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

Jacob Cohen
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences Book PDF

Author : Jacob Cohen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 625 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134742776

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Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences by Jacob Cohen Pdf

Statistical Power Analysis is a nontechnical guide to power analysis in research planning that provides users of applied statistics with the tools they need for more effective analysis. The Second Edition includes: * a chapter covering power analysis in set correlation and multivariate methods; * a chapter considering effect size, psychometric reliability, and the efficacy of "qualifying" dependent variables and; * expanded power and sample size tables for multiple regression/correlation.

An Invitation to Statistics in Wasserstein Space

Victor M. Panaretos,Yoav Zemel
An Invitation to Statistics in Wasserstein Space Book PDF

Author : Victor M. Panaretos,Yoav Zemel
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-10
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783030384388

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An Invitation to Statistics in Wasserstein Space by Victor M. Panaretos,Yoav Zemel Pdf

This open access book presents the key aspects of statistics in Wasserstein spaces, i.e. statistics in the space of probability measures when endowed with the geometry of optimal transportation. Further to reviewing state-of-the-art aspects, it also provides an accessible introduction to the fundamentals of this current topic, as well as an overview that will serve as an invitation and catalyst for further research. Statistics in Wasserstein spaces represents an emerging topic in mathematical statistics, situated at the interface between functional data analysis (where the data are functions, thus lying in infinite dimensional Hilbert space) and non-Euclidean statistics (where the data satisfy nonlinear constraints, thus lying on non-Euclidean manifolds). The Wasserstein space provides the natural mathematical formalism to describe data collections that are best modeled as random measures on Euclidean space (e.g. images and point processes). Such random measures carry the infinite dimensional traits of functional data, but are intrinsically nonlinear due to positivity and integrability restrictions. Indeed, their dominating statistical variation arises through random deformations of an underlying template, a theme that is pursued in depth in this monograph.

Digital Pictures

Arun Netravali
Digital Pictures Book PDF

Author : Arun Netravali
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 596 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781468412949

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Digital Pictures by Arun Netravali Pdf

For thousands of years mankind has been creating pictures which attempt to portray real or imagined scenes as perceived by human vision. Cave drawings, paintings and photographs are able to stimulate the visual system and conjure up thoughts of faraway places, imagined situations or pleasant sensations. The art of motion picture creation has advanced to the point where viewers often undergo intense emotional experiences. On-the spot news coverage gives the impression of actually witnessing events as they unfold. Relatively recently, other forms of visual information have been invented which do not, in themselves, stimulate the eye. For example, vol tage variations in an electrical signal, as in television, can represent in analogous fashion the brightness variations in a picture. In this form the visual information can be stored on magnetic tape or transmitted over long distances, and, at least for engineering purposes, it is often much more use ful than other forms which do stimulate human vision. With the evolution of digital techniques for information processing, storage, and transmission, the need arises for digital representation of visual information, that is, the representation of images by a sequence of integer numbers (usually binary). In this form, computer processing and digital circuit techniques can be utilized which were undreamed of only a short time ago. Machine manipulation and interpretation of visual infor mation becomes possible. Sophisticated techniques can be employed for efficient storage of images. And processing methods can be used to significantly reduce the costs of picture transmission.

Digital Images and Human Vision

Andrew B. Watson
Digital Images and Human Vision Book PDF

Author : Andrew B. Watson
Publisher : Bradford Books
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262231719

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Digital Images and Human Vision by Andrew B. Watson Pdf

These fifteen contributions by distinguished vision and imaging scientists explore the role of human vision in the design of modem image communication systems. A dominant theme in the book is image compression—how compression algorithms can be designed to make best use of what we know about human vision. Electronic image communications, which encompass television, high-definition television, teleconferencing, multimedia, digital photography, desktop publishing, and digital movies, is a rapidly growing segment of technology and business. Because these products and technologies are designed for human viewing, knowledge of human perception is essential to optimal design. This book provides a timely compendium of important ideas and perspectives on such subjects as the key aspects of human visual sensitivity that are relevant to image communications and, conversely, the major problems in image communications that vision science can address; the mathematical models of human vision that are useful in the design of image comunications systems; reliable and efficient methods of evaluating visual quality; and aspects of human vision that can be exploited to provide substantial improvements in coding efficiency. Andrew B. Watson is Senior Scientist for Vision Research at NASA. Contributors: Albert J. Ahumada, Jr. E. Barth. V. Michael Bove, Jr. Gershon Buchsbaum. Phillipe Cassereau. Pamela C. Cosman. Scott J. Daly. Michael Eckert. Bernd Girod. William E. Glenn. Robert M. Gray. Paul J. Hearty. Bradley Horowitz. Stanley Klein. Jeffrey Lubin, Cynthia Null. Karen L. Oehler. Alex Pentland. Todd Reed. Andrew B. Watson. B. Wegmann. Christof Zetsche.

The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory

Vladimir Vapnik
The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory Book PDF

Author : Vladimir Vapnik
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781475732641

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The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory by Vladimir Vapnik Pdf

The aim of this book is to discuss the fundamental ideas which lie behind the statistical theory of learning and generalization. It considers learning as a general problem of function estimation based on empirical data. Omitting proofs and technical details, the author concentrates on discussing the main results of learning theory and their connections to fundamental problems in statistics. This second edition contains three new chapters devoted to further development of the learning theory and SVM techniques. Written in a readable and concise style, the book is intended for statisticians, mathematicians, physicists, and computer scientists.

Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing

Christopher Manning,Hinrich Schutze
Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing Book PDF

Author : Christopher Manning,Hinrich Schutze
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 719 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1999-05-28
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780262303798

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Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing by Christopher Manning,Hinrich Schutze Pdf

Statistical approaches to processing natural language text have become dominant in recent years. This foundational text is the first comprehensive introduction to statistical natural language processing (NLP) to appear. The book contains all the theory and algorithms needed for building NLP tools. It provides broad but rigorous coverage of mathematical and linguistic foundations, as well as detailed discussion of statistical methods, allowing students and researchers to construct their own implementations. The book covers collocation finding, word sense disambiguation, probabilistic parsing, information retrieval, and other applications.

Statistical Data Analysis Explained

Clemens Reimann,Peter Filzmoser,Robert Garrett,Rudolf Dutter
Statistical Data Analysis Explained Book PDF

Author : Clemens Reimann,Peter Filzmoser,Robert Garrett,Rudolf Dutter
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2011-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119965282

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Statistical Data Analysis Explained by Clemens Reimann,Peter Filzmoser,Robert Garrett,Rudolf Dutter Pdf

Few books on statistical data analysis in the natural sciences are written at a level that a non-statistician will easily understand. This is a book written in colloquial language, avoiding mathematical formulae as much as possible, trying to explain statistical methods using examples and graphics instead. To use the book efficiently, readers should have some computer experience. The book starts with the simplest of statistical concepts and carries readers forward to a deeper and more extensive understanding of the use of statistics in environmental sciences. The book concerns the application of statistical and other computer methods to the management, analysis and display of spatial data. These data are characterised by including locations (geographic coordinates), which leads to the necessity of using maps to display the data and the results of the statistical methods. Although the book uses examples from applied geochemistry, and a large geochemical survey in particular, the principles and ideas equally well apply to other natural sciences, e.g., environmental sciences, pedology, hydrology, geography, forestry, ecology, and health sciences/epidemiology. The book is unique because it supplies direct access to software solutions (based on R, the Open Source version of the S-language for statistics) for applied environmental statistics. For all graphics and tables presented in the book, the R-scripts are provided in the form of executable R-scripts. In addition, a graphical user interface for R, called DAS+R, was developed for convenient, fast and interactive data analysis. Statistical Data Analysis Explained: Applied Environmental Statistics with R provides, on an accompanying website, the software to undertake all the procedures discussed, and the data employed for their description in the book.

Practical Statistics for Data Scientists

Peter Bruce,Andrew Bruce
Practical Statistics for Data Scientists Book PDF

Author : Peter Bruce,Andrew Bruce
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781491952917

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Practical Statistics for Data Scientists by Peter Bruce,Andrew Bruce Pdf

Statistical methods are a key part of of data science, yet very few data scientists have any formal statistics training. Courses and books on basic statistics rarely cover the topic from a data science perspective. This practical guide explains how to apply various statistical methods to data science, tells you how to avoid their misuse, and gives you advice on what's important and what's not. Many data science resources incorporate statistical methods but lack a deeper statistical perspective. If you’re familiar with the R programming language, and have some exposure to statistics, this quick reference bridges the gap in an accessible, readable format. With this book, you’ll learn: Why exploratory data analysis is a key preliminary step in data science How random sampling can reduce bias and yield a higher quality dataset, even with big data How the principles of experimental design yield definitive answers to questions How to use regression to estimate outcomes and detect anomalies Key classification techniques for predicting which categories a record belongs to Statistical machine learning methods that “learn” from data Unsupervised learning methods for extracting meaning from unlabeled data