Networks And Markets

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Networks and Markets

James E. Rauch,Alexandra Casella
Networks and Markets Book PDF

Author : James E. Rauch,Alexandra Casella
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2001-06-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781610444675

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Networks and Markets by James E. Rauch,Alexandra Casella Pdf

Networks and Markets argues that economists' knowledge of markets and sociologists' rich understanding of networks can and should be combined. Together they can help us achieve a more coherent view of economic life, where transactions follow both the logic of economic incentives and the established channels of personal relationships. Market exchange is impersonal, episodic, and carried out at arm's length. All that matters is how much the seller is asking, and how much the buyer is offering. An economic network, by contrast, is based upon more personalized and enduring relationships between people tied together by more than just price. Networks and Markets focuses on how the two concepts relate to each other: Are social networks an essential precondition for successful markets, or do networks arise naturally out of markets, as faceless traders build reputations and gain confidence in each other? The book includes contributions by both sociologists and economists, applying the concepts of markets and networks to concrete empirical phenomena. Among the topics analyzed, the book explains how, in Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan, firms combine into tightly-knit business blocs, how wholesalers in a Marseille fish market earn the loyalty of customers, and how ethnic retailers in the U.S. share valuable market information with other shopkeepers from their ethnic group. A response to each chapter discusses the issue from the standpoint of the other discipline. Sociologists are challenged to go beyond small-scale economic exchange and to integrate their concept of networks into a broader understanding of the economic system as a whole, while economists are challenged to consider the economic implications of network ties, which can be strong or weak, unconditional or highly contingent. This book proves that both economics and sociology provide stronger insights when they study markets and networks as parallel forms of exchange. But it also clarifies the healthy division of labor that remains between the two disciplines. Sociologists are adept at showing how markets are framed by social institutions; economists specialize in explaining how markets perform, taking the social context as a given. Networks and Markets showcases what each discipline does best and reveals where each discipline would do better by borrowing from the other.

Networks, Crowds, and Markets

David Easley,Jon Kleinberg
Networks Crowds and Markets Book PDF

Author : David Easley,Jon Kleinberg
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 745 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2010-07-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781139490306

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Networks, Crowds, and Markets by David Easley,Jon Kleinberg Pdf

Are all film stars linked to Kevin Bacon? Why do the stock markets rise and fall sharply on the strength of a vague rumour? How does gossip spread so quickly? Are we all related through six degrees of separation? There is a growing awareness of the complex networks that pervade modern society. We see them in the rapid growth of the internet, the ease of global communication, the swift spread of news and information, and in the way epidemics and financial crises develop with startling speed and intensity. This introductory book on the new science of networks takes an interdisciplinary approach, using economics, sociology, computing, information science and applied mathematics to address fundamental questions about the links that connect us, and the ways that our decisions can have consequences for others.

A Course in Networks and Markets

Rafael Pass
A Course in Networks and Markets Book PDF

Author : Rafael Pass
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2019-04-16
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262039789

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A Course in Networks and Markets by Rafael Pass Pdf

A graduate-level, mathematically rigorous introduction to strategic behavior in a networked world. This introductory graduate-level text uses tools from game theory and graph theory to examine the role of network structures and network effects in economic and information markets. The goal is for students to develop an intuitive and mathematically rigorous understanding of how strategic agents interact in a connected world. The text synthesizes some of the central results in the field while also simplifying their treatment to make them more accessible to nonexperts. Thus, students at the introductory level will gain an understanding of key ideas in the field that are usually only taught at the advanced graduate level. The book introduces basic concepts from game theory and graph theory as well as some fundamental algorithms for exploring graphs. These tools are then applied to analyze strategic interactions over social networks, to explore different types of markets and mechanisms for networks, and to study the role of beliefs and higher-level beliefs (beliefs about beliefs). Specific topics discussed include coordination and contagion on social networks, traffic networks, matchings and matching markets, exchange networks, auctions, voting, web search, models of belief and knowledge, and how beliefs affect auctions and markets. An appendix offers a “Primer on Probability.” Mathematically rigorous, the text assumes a level of mathematical maturity (comfort with definitions and proofs) in the reader.

The Wealth of Networks

Yochai Benkler
The Wealth of Networks Book PDF

Author : Yochai Benkler
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0300125771

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The Wealth of Networks by Yochai Benkler Pdf

Describes how patterns of information, knowledge, and cultural production are changing. The author shows that the way information and knowledge are made available can either limit or enlarge the ways people create and express themselves. He describes the range of legal and policy choices that confront.

Black Markets and Militants

Khalid Mustafa Medani
Black Markets and Militants Book PDF

Author : Khalid Mustafa Medani
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 427 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2022-09-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781009257718

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Black Markets and Militants by Khalid Mustafa Medani Pdf

Understanding the political and socio-economic factors which give rise to youth recruitment into militant organizations is central to grasping some of the most important issues that affect the contemporary Middle East and Africa. In this book, Khalid Mustafa Medani explains why youth are attracted to militant organizations, examining the specific role economic globalization plays in determining how and why militant activists emerge. Based on extensive fieldwork, Medani offers an in-depth analysis of the impact of globalization, neoliberal reforms and informal economic networks on the rise and evolution of moderate and militant Islamist movements. In an original contribution to the study of Islamist and ethnic politics, he shows the importance of understanding when and under what conditions religious rather than other forms of identity become politically salient. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Contexts of Social Capital

Ray-May Hsung,Nan Lin,Ronald L. Breiger
Contexts of Social Capital Book PDF

Author : Ray-May Hsung,Nan Lin,Ronald L. Breiger
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2010-11-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134220748

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Contexts of Social Capital by Ray-May Hsung,Nan Lin,Ronald L. Breiger Pdf

The concept of social capital refers to the ways in which people make use of their social networks in "getting ahead." Social capital isn’t just about the connections in networks, but fundamentally concerns the distribution of resources on the basis of exchanges. This volume focuses on how social capital interacts with social institutions, based on the premise that markets, communities, and families are the major contexts within which people meet and build up social networks and the foci to create social capital. Featuring innovations in thinking about exchange mechanisms, resource distribution, institutional logics, resource diversity, and the degree of openness or closure of social networks, these chapters present some of the most important advances in this essential field. Paralleling these theoretical developments, the chapters also improve practical methodological work on social capital research, using new techniques and measurement methods for the uncovering of social logics.

Markets, Hierarchies and Networks

Grahame Thompson
Markets Hierarchies and Networks Book PDF

Author : Grahame Thompson
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1991-12-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0803985908

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Markets, Hierarchies and Networks by Grahame Thompson Pdf

This interdisciplinary reader provides a distinctive introduction to the way social, political and economic life is coordinated. It brings together three quite different models of coordination - markets, hierarchies and networks - and places them into a comparative framework, presenting a comprehensive and insightful overview of social coordination. The articles dealing with each model explore the characteristics of that coordinating mechanism, outlining key theoretical issues and drawing on various empirical examples. The final section shows how these models can be compared and contrasted. It also assesses the respective strengths, weaknesses and limitations of each model. Markets, Hierarchies and Networks is a set

Public Management and the Metagovernance of Hierarchies, Networks and Markets

Louis Meuleman
Public Management and the Metagovernance of Hierarchies Networks and Markets Book PDF

Author : Louis Meuleman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2008-04-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783790820546

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Public Management and the Metagovernance of Hierarchies, Networks and Markets by Louis Meuleman Pdf

Public managers can, to a certain extent, choose between various mana- ment paradigms which are provided by public and business administration scholars and by politicians as well. How do they find their way in this c- fusing supermarket of competing ideas? This book explores how public managers in Western bureaucracies deal with the mutually undermining ideas of hierarchical, network and market governance. Do they possess a specific logic of action, a rationale, when they combine and switch - tween these governance styles? This chapter sets the scene for the book as a whole and presents the - search topic and the research question. 1.1 Problem setting Since the Second World War, Western public administration systems have changed drastically. The hierarchical style of governing of the 1950s to the 1970s was partly replaced by market mechanisms, from the 1980s - wards. In the 1990s, a third style of governing, based on networks, further enriched the range of possible steering, coordination and organisation - terventions. In the new millennium, public sector organisations seem to apply complex and varying mixtures of all three styles of what we will - fine as governance in a broad sense. This development has brought about two problems.

Introduction to High Performance Computing for Scientists and Engineers

Georg Hager,Gerhard Wellein
Introduction to High Performance Computing for Scientists and Engineers Book PDF

Author : Georg Hager,Gerhard Wellein
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2010-07-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781439811931

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Introduction to High Performance Computing for Scientists and Engineers by Georg Hager,Gerhard Wellein Pdf

Written by high performance computing (HPC) experts, Introduction to High Performance Computing for Scientists and Engineers provides a solid introduction to current mainstream computer architecture, dominant parallel programming models, and useful optimization strategies for scientific HPC. From working in a scientific computing center, the author

Assembling Consumption

Robin Canniford,Domen Bajde
Assembling Consumption Book PDF

Author : Robin Canniford,Domen Bajde
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2015-09-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317589631

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Assembling Consumption by Robin Canniford,Domen Bajde Pdf

Assembling Consumption marks a definitive step in the institutionalisation of qualitative business research. By gathering leading scholars and educators who study markets, marketing and consumption through the lenses of philosophy, sociology and anthropology, this book clarifies and applies the investigative tools offered by assemblage theory, actor-network theory and non-representational theory. Clear theoretical explanation and methodological innovation, alongside empirical applications of these emerging frameworks will offer readers new and refreshing perspectives on consumer culture and market societies. This is an essential reading for both seasoned scholars and advanced students of markets, economies and social forms of consumption.

Markets from Networks

Harrison C. White
Markets from Networks Book PDF

Author : Harrison C. White
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2018-06-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780691187624

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Markets from Networks by Harrison C. White Pdf

In Markets from Networks, one of America's most influential sociologists unveils a groundbreaking theory of the market economy. Arguing that most economists use overly abstract models of how the economy operates, Harrison White seeks a richer, more empirically based alternative. In doing so, he offers a more lucid, generalized treatment of the market models described in his important earlier work in order to show how any given market is situated in a broader exchange economy. White argues that the key to economic action is that producers seek market niches to maximize profit and minimize competition. As they do so, they base production decisions not only on anticipated costs from suppliers and anticipated demand from buyers, but also by looking at their competitors. In fact, White asserts, producers act less in response to actual demand than by anticipating it: they gauge where competitors have found demand and thus determine what they can do that is similar and yet different enough to give themselves a special niche. Building on these and related insights, White creates new mathematical models of how the economy works and how the interaction of its sectors creates mutual protection from the uncertainties of business. These models provide new ways of accounting for profits, prices, market shares, and other vital economic phenomena. He shows, for example, that prices are determined by the coalescing of local variables rather than set in terms of averages as implied by the ''law'' of supply and demand. The model of ''pure'' competition favored by economics is deficient, he concludes, as it fails to account for the varied circumstances of particular industries. Throughout, White draws extensively on case studies of American businesses and on recent mathematical and sociological work on networks. Rivaling standard economic theories with its rich empirical grounding, sheer originality, and scholarly rigor, Markets from Networks will resonate in economics and economic sociology for years to come.

Social and Economic Networks

Matthew O. Jackson
Social and Economic Networks Book PDF

Author : Matthew O. Jackson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 140083399X

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Social and Economic Networks by Matthew O. Jackson Pdf

Networks of relationships help determine the careers that people choose, the jobs they obtain, the products they buy, and how they vote. The many aspects of our lives that are governed by social networks make it critical to understand how they impact behavior, which network structures are likely to emerge in a society, and why we organize ourselves as we do. In Social and Economic Networks, Matthew Jackson offers a comprehensive introduction to social and economic networks, drawing on the latest findings in economics, sociology, computer science, physics, and mathematics. He provides empirical background on networks and the regularities that they exhibit, and discusses random graph-based models and strategic models of network formation. He helps readers to understand behavior in networked societies, with a detailed analysis of learning and diffusion in networks, decision making by individuals who are influenced by their social neighbors, game theory and markets on networks, and a host of related subjects. Jackson also describes the varied statistical and modeling techniques used to analyze social networks. Each chapter includes exercises to aid students in their analysis of how networks function. This book is an indispensable resource for students and researchers in economics, mathematics, physics, sociology, and business.

Valuation of Network Effects in Software Markets

Andreas Kemper
Valuation of Network Effects in Software Markets Book PDF

Author : Andreas Kemper
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2009-12-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783790823677

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Valuation of Network Effects in Software Markets by Andreas Kemper Pdf

The customer base is an important value driver of software companies and a reliable prediction of its development is fundamental for investment decisions. A particularity in software markets is that an individual’s purchasing decision is often influenced by other users’ choices. Although such customer network effects are evident, their quantitative assessment remain elusive with conventional approaches. This book contributes to closing this gap by developing methods for measuring network effects and their implications for valuation in software markets. Based on the theory of complex networks the book reveals that such diffusion processes highly depend on structural properties of customer networks. Moreover, it depicts that such insights are contributions to improve the quality of valuations in software markets. But the implications of this research also comprise social and political aspects as they can be applied in order to prevent corporate failures in all network effect markets.

Networks in Marketing

Dawn Iacobucci
Networks in Marketing Book PDF

Author : Dawn Iacobucci
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1996-08-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780761901402

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Networks in Marketing by Dawn Iacobucci Pdf

An overview of what networks are and how they are used in marketing management practices is provided in this volume. Leading scholars in the field examine various types of relationships including: customer-to-customer networks; relationships as investment opportunities; and strategic alliances. They also investigate market dynamics and structure and consumer networks. In conclusion, several advanced methodological issues and future research directions are examined. In addition to the main research chapters, key figures contribute their own reflections on the topic.

Two-sided Markets and Network Effects

Aline Hamm
Two sided Markets and Network Effects Book PDF

Author : Aline Hamm
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2019-12-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783346089380

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Two-sided Markets and Network Effects by Aline Hamm Pdf

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1.0, University of Applied Sciences Saarbrücken, language: English, abstract: This topic is gaining more and more relevance nowadays. Platforms are taking the business world by storm – especially Social Networks like Facebook, LinkedIn or Twitter offer a revolutionary kind of communication for several online customer groups, especially for businesses. The Internet Growth pushed the globalization to a great extent which leads to markets being more transparent and competitive. The customer behavior has changed to a more active position – they want to be connected to businesses with the effect of reaching a new dimension in Customer Relationship Management. Large enterprises are doing well in social networking by staying in an ongoing communication with their customers – SMEs still struggle with this approach. Questions arise if utilization potential of social networks exists for middle-class businesses and how effectiveness and efficiency of SMEs, however, have improvement opportunities through the usage of social media channels. In terms of structure, this thesis is separated into two parts. Firstly, two-sided markets and networks effects are explained in general by analyzing focal aspects and major hurdles for platform founders. Afterwards, the focus will shift from platform pioneers to platform users regarding social networks where these platforms are analyzed to a great extent in combination with usage terms for SMEs.