Neurological Effects Of Repeated Exposure To Military Occupational Levels Of Blast
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Neurological Effects of Repeated Exposure to Military Occupational Levels of Blast by Molly M. Simmons,Charles C. Engel,Emily Hoch Pdf
There is increasing concern over the common, repetitive forms of blast to which military members are exposed during service, and how those exposures could affect the central nervous system. The authors of this report review the relevant literature.
The Neurological Effects of Repeated Exposure to Military Occupational Blast by Charles C. Engel,Molly Simmons Pdf
The Seventh Department of Defense State-of-the-Science Meeting examined the risk posed to military personnel by low-level blast exposure, the current evidence base, and potentially promising approaches to prevent and detect blast injuries.
National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Sports-Related Concussions in Youth
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Sports-Related Concussions in Youth Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 215 pages File Size : 43,8 Mb Release : 2014-02-04 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309288033
Sports-Related Concussions in Youth by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Sports-Related Concussions in Youth Pdf
In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.
Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Nutrition, Trauma, and the Brain
Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Nutrition, Trauma, and the Brain Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 444 pages File Size : 55,6 Mb Release : 2011-07-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309210089
Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury by Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Nutrition, Trauma, and the Brain Pdf
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI.
Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury by Daniel Laskowitz,Gerald Grant Pdf
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been disappointingly slow. Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury attempts to integrate expertise from across specialties to address knowledge gaps in the field of TBI. Its chapters cover a wide scope of TBI research in five broad areas: Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Current treatment strategies and sequelae Future therapies Specific topics discussed include the societal impact of TBI in both the civilian and military populations, neurobiology and molecular mechanisms of axonal and neuronal injury, biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and their relationship to pathology, neuroplasticity after TBI, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapy, advanced neuroimaging of mild TBI, neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms following mild TBI, sports-related TBI, epilepsy and PTSD following TBI, and more. The book integrates the perspectives of experts across disciplines to assist in the translation of new ideas to clinical practice and ultimately to improve the care of the brain injured patient.
Author : Kevin Wang Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA Page : 529 pages File Size : 48,6 Mb Release : 2018-11-16 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780190279431
Neurotrauma: A Comprehensive Textbook on Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury aims to bring together the latest clinical practice and research in the filed of two forms of trauma to the central nervous system: namely traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Nationally, more 1.9 million Americans sustain a traumatic brain injury annually. In parallel, there are an estimate of 12,000 new cases of SCI in the United States annually. In addition, approximately 1.2 million people live with paralysis due to SCI. In recent years, dramatic advancements in the field have resulted in much improved outcomes for patients and higher standards of care. This volume details the latest research and clinical practice in the treatment of neurotrauma, in a comprehensive but easy-to-follow format. Neurotrauma is a valuable resource for any clinician involved in caring for TBI and SCI patients, clinical research professionals, researchers, medical and graduate students, and nurse specialists.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on the Review of the Department of Veterans Affairs Examinations for Traumatic Brain Injury
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on the Review of the Department of Veterans Affairs Examinations for Traumatic Brain Injury Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 211 pages File Size : 55,6 Mb Release : 2019-05-20 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309486897
Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on the Review of the Department of Veterans Affairs Examinations for Traumatic Brain Injury Pdf
The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) provides disability compensation to veterans with a service-connected injury, and to receive disability compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), a veteran must submit a claim or have a claim submitted on his or her behalf. Evaluation of the Disability Determination Process for Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans reviews the process by which the VA assesses impairments resulting from traumatic brain injury for purposes of awarding disability compensation. This report also provides recommendations for legislative or administrative action for improving the adjudication of veterans' claims seeking entitlement to compensation for all impairments arising from a traumatic brain injury.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Brain Injury in Veterans and Long-Term Health Outcomes
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Brain Injury in Veterans and Long-Term Health Outcomes Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 396 pages File Size : 49,5 Mb Release : 2009-03-02 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309124089
Gulf War and Health by Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Brain Injury in Veterans and Long-Term Health Outcomes Pdf
The seventh in a series of congressionally mandated reports on Gulf War veterans health, this volume evaluates traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its association with long-term health affects. That many returning veterans have TBI will likely mean long-term challenges for them and their family members. Further, many veterans will have undiagnosed brain injury because not all TBIs have immediately recognized effects or are easily diagnosed with neuroimaging techniques. In an effort to detail the long term consequences of TBI, the committee read and evaluated some 1,900 studies that made up its literature base, and it developed criteria for inclusion of studies to inform its findings. It is clear that brain injury, whether penetrating or closed, has serious consequences. The committee sought to detail those consequences as clearly as possible and to provide a scientific framework to assist veterans as they return home.
Shaping the Future by Stéphanie A. H. Bélanger,Alice Aiken Pdf
A compilation of research presented at the 1st annual Military and Veteran Health Research Forum, sponsored by the Canadian Institute for Military and Veteran Health Research, and hosted by Queen's University and the Royal Military College of Canada, Nov. 2010--Introduction.
With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.
Since October 2001, approximately 1.64 million U.S. troops have been deployed for Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) in Afghanistan and Iraq. Early evidence suggests that the psychological toll of these deployments -- many involving prolonged exposure to combat-related stress over multiple rotations -- may be disproportionately high compared with the physical injuries of combat. In the face of mounting public concern over post-deployment health care issues confronting OEF/OIF veterans, several task forces, independent review groups, and a Presidential Commission have been convened to examine the care of the war wounded and make recommendations. Concerns have been most recently centered on two combat-related injuries in particular: post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. With the increasing incidence of suicide and suicide attempts among returning veterans, concern about depression is also on the rise. The study discussed in this monograph focuses on post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and traumatic brain injury, not only because of current high-level policy interest but also because, unlike the physical wounds of war, these conditions are often invisible to the eye, remaining invisible to other servicemembers, family members, and society in general. All three conditions affect mood, thoughts, and behavior; yet these wounds often go unrecognized and unacknowledged. The effect of traumatic brain injury is still poorly understood, leaving a large gap in knowledge related to how extensive the problem is or how to address it. RAND conducted a comprehensive study of the post-deployment health-related needs associated with these three conditions among OEF/OIF veterans, the health care system in place to meet those needs, gaps in the care system, and the costs associated with these conditions and with providing quality health care to all those in need. This monograph presents the results of our study, which should be of interest to mental health treatment providers; health policymakers, particularly those charged with caring for our nation's veterans; and U.S. service men and women, their families, and the concerned public. All the research products from this study are available at http://veterans.rand.org. Data collection for this study began in April 2007and concluded in January 2008. Specific activities included a critical reviewof the extant literature on the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and traumatic brain injury and their short- and long-term consequences; a population-based survey of service members and veterans who served in Afghanistan or Iraq to assess health status and symptoms, as well asutilization of and barriers to care; a review of existing programs to treat service members and veterans with the three conditions; focus groups withmilitary service members and their spouses; and the development of a microsimulation model to forecast the economic costs of these conditions overtime. Among our recommendations is that effective treatments documented in the scientific literature -- evidence-based care -- are available for PTSD and major depression. Delivery of such care to all veterans with PTSD or majordepression would pay for itself within two years, or even save money, by improving productivity and reducing medical and mortality costs. Such care may also be a cost-effective way to retain a ready and healthy military force for the future. However, to ensure that this care is delivered requires system-level changes across the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the U.S. health care system.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 229 pages File Size : 40,5 Mb Release : 2003-02-14 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309168700
Toxicologic Assessment of Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8 Pdf
This report provides a critical review of toxicologic, epidemiologic, and other relevant data on jet-propulsion fuel 8, a type of fuel in wide use by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), and an evaluation of the scientific basis of DOD's interim permissible exposure level of 350 mg/m3
