Nitrogen Cycling In The North Atlantic Ocean And Its Watersheds

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Nitrogen Cycling in the North Atlantic Ocean and its Watersheds

Robert W. Howarth
Nitrogen Cycling in the North Atlantic Ocean and its Watersheds Book PDF

Author : Robert W. Howarth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400917767

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Nitrogen Cycling in the North Atlantic Ocean and its Watersheds by Robert W. Howarth Pdf

Human activity has dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle in recent decades. These changes are not evenly distributed around the world; rather, they are greatest in regions of significant industrial and agricultural activity, as the synthesis and use of inorganic fertilizers, cultivation of legumes, burning of fossil fuels, and the simple act of concentrating humans and animals in dense populations all lead to the release of excess, reactive forms of nitrogen into the environment. In part because reactive nitrogen is frequently a limiting nutrient in many terrestrial and aquatic systems, an excess can lead to a variety of adverse effects on both environmental and human health. The North Atlantic Ocean and its contributing watersheds constitute a region which has seen perhaps the greatest increase in anthropogenically-derived nitrogen. In May of 1994, the International Scope Nitrogen Project, with funding from the Andrew Mellon Foundation, the United Nations Environment Program, and the World Meteorological Organization, sponsored a workshop held on Block Island, RI, USA, entitled `Nitrogen Dynamics of the North Atlantic Basin'. More than 50 scientists from 12 different countries convened with a unique set of goals: an integrated and comprehensive estimate of the current nitrogen cycle of the ocean, coastal systems, and contributing watersheds of the North Atlantic region; an analysis of human-induced changes to those cycles; and an assessment of the current and future effects of human-induced changes to nitrogen cycling throughout the globe.

The Nitrogen Cycle at Regional to Global Scales

Elizabeth W. Boyer,Robert W. Howarth
The Nitrogen Cycle at Regional to Global Scales Book PDF

Author : Elizabeth W. Boyer,Robert W. Howarth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401734059

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The Nitrogen Cycle at Regional to Global Scales by Elizabeth W. Boyer,Robert W. Howarth Pdf

This issue is the final report from the International SCOPE Project on Nitrogen Transport and Transformations: A Regional and Global Analysis. SCOPE (the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, ICSU) authorized the Nitrogen Project as an 8-year effort between 1994 and 2002 because of the need to better understand how humans have altered nitrogen cyc1ing globally and at the scale of large regions. Human activity has more than doubled the rate of formation of reactive nitrogen on the land surface of the earth, and the nitrogen cyc1e continues to accelerate. The distribution of this reactive nitrogen is not uniform, though, and some regions such as Europe and Asia have seen massive increases in reactive nitrogen, while other regions have seen little change. The SCOPE Nitrogen Project has synthesized detailed information on the nature of the human alteration of the nitrogen cyc1e through aseries of workshops over the past 8 years. These cumulatively have involved over 250 of previous workshops scientists from over 20 different nations. The results have been published in aseries of special journal issues and reports that synthesize information on nitrogen in the North Atlantic Ocean and its water sheds (Howarth 1996), nitrogen cycling in Asia (Hong-Chi Lin et al. 1996; Mosier et al.

Nitrogen in the Marine Environment

Douglas G. Capone,Deborah A. Bronk,Margaret R. Mulholland,Edward J. Carpenter
Nitrogen in the Marine Environment Book PDF

Author : Douglas G. Capone,Deborah A. Bronk,Margaret R. Mulholland,Edward J. Carpenter
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1759 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2008-08-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080558929

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Nitrogen in the Marine Environment by Douglas G. Capone,Deborah A. Bronk,Margaret R. Mulholland,Edward J. Carpenter Pdf

Since the first edition of Nitrogen in the Environment published in 1983, it has been recognized as the standard in the field. In the time since the book first appeared, there has been tremendous growth in the field with unprecedented discoveries over the past decade that have fundamentally changed the view of the marine nitrogen cycle. As a result, this Second Edition contains twice the amount of information as contained in the first edition. This updated edition is now available online, offering searchability and instant, multi-user access to this important information. *The classic text, fully updated to reflect the rapid pace of discovery*Provides researchers and students in oceanography, chemistry, and marine ecology an understanding of the marine nitrogen cycle*Available online with easy access and search - the information you need, when you need it

Nitrogen, the Confer-N-s

K. van der Hoek,J. Willem Erisman,S. Smeulders,John Robert Wisniewski
Nitrogen the Confer N s Book PDF

Author : K. van der Hoek,J. Willem Erisman,S. Smeulders,John Robert Wisniewski
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 813 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080984681

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Nitrogen, the Confer-N-s by K. van der Hoek,J. Willem Erisman,S. Smeulders,John Robert Wisniewski Pdf

The First International Nitrogen Conference provided an opportunity for researchers and decision-makers to exchange information on environmental pollution by nitrogen compounds on three scales: global, continental/regional and local. The main topics were air, ground water and surface water pollution; emission sources, atmospheric chemistry, deposition processes and effects; disturbance of nitrogen cycles, critical loads and levels; assessments, policy development and evaluation; target groups and abatement techniques; and new approaches leading to an integrated abatement strategy.The peer-reviewed papers from the Conference presented in this volume will provide readers with a comprehensive review of the transport, deposition and impact on ecosystems of nitrogen.

Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation

David Ussiri,Rattan Lal
Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation Book PDF

Author : David Ussiri,Rattan Lal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-11-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400753648

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Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation by David Ussiri,Rattan Lal Pdf

Nitrous oxide gas is a long-lived relatively active greenhouse gas (GHG) with an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 120 years, and heat trapping effects about 310 times more powerful than carbon dioxide per molecule basis. It contributes about 6% of observed global warming. Nitrous oxide is not only a potent GHG, but it also plays a significant role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. This book describes the anthropogenic sources of N2O with major emphasis on agricultural activities. It summarizes an overview of global cycling of N and the role of nitrous oxide on global warming and ozone depletion, and then focus on major source, soil borne nitrous oxide emissions. The spatial-temporal variation of soil nitrous oxide fluxes and underlying biogeochemical processes are described, as well as approaches to quantify fluxes of N2O from soils. Mitigation strategies to reduce the emissions, especially from agricultural soils, and fertilizer nitrogen sources are described in detail in the latter part of the book.

The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle

Roger B. Hanson,Hugh W. Ducklow,John G. Field
The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle Book PDF

Author : Roger B. Hanson,Hugh W. Ducklow,John G. Field
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2000-01-13
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521656036

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The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle by Roger B. Hanson,Hugh W. Ducklow,John G. Field Pdf

The world's oceans act as a reservoir, with the capacity to absorb and retain carbon dioxide. The air-sea exchange of carbon is driven by physico-chemical forces, photosynthesis, and respiration, and has an important influence on atmospheric composition. Variability in the ocean carbon cycle could therefore exert significant feedback effects during conditions of climate change. The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) is the first multidisciplinary program to directly address the interactions among the biology, chemistry, and physics of marine systems, with emphasis on the transport and transformations of carbon within the ocean and across its boundaries. This unique volume, written by an international panel of scientists, provides a synthesis of JGOFS science and its achievements to date. The authoritative chapters will be of great interest to readers seeking a current overview of the role of ocean processes in Earth system science and their wider implications for climate change.

Ocean Margin Systems

Gerold Wefer,David Billet,Dierk Hebbeln,Bo B. Jorgensen,Michael Schlüter,Tjeerd C.E. Van Weering
Ocean Margin Systems Book PDF

Author : Gerold Wefer,David Billet,Dierk Hebbeln,Bo B. Jorgensen,Michael Schlüter,Tjeerd C.E. Van Weering
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662051276

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Ocean Margin Systems by Gerold Wefer,David Billet,Dierk Hebbeln,Bo B. Jorgensen,Michael Schlüter,Tjeerd C.E. Van Weering Pdf

Ocean margins are the transitional zones between the oceans and continents. They represent dynamic systems in which numerous processes shape the environment and result in impacting the utilization and hazard potentials for humans. These processes are influenced by a variety of steering mechanisms, from mountain building and climate on the land to tectonics and sea-level fluctuations in ocean margins. This book examines various aspects of regulation for the long-term development of ocean margins, of the impact of fluids and of the dynamics of benthic life at and below the seafloor in ocean margin systems.

Clean Coastal Waters

National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Water Science and Technology Board,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Causes and Management of Coastal Eutrophication
Clean Coastal Waters Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Water Science and Technology Board,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Causes and Management of Coastal Eutrophication
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2000-08-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309069489

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Clean Coastal Waters by National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Water Science and Technology Board,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Causes and Management of Coastal Eutrophication Pdf

Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.

Coastal and Deep Ocean Pollution

Andres Hugo Arias,Sandra Elizabeth Botte
Coastal and Deep Ocean Pollution Book PDF

Author : Andres Hugo Arias,Sandra Elizabeth Botte
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-03-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351337533

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Coastal and Deep Ocean Pollution by Andres Hugo Arias,Sandra Elizabeth Botte Pdf

During the recent decades, social, political and academic endeavours have been made to improve environmental quality and reduce pollution. In particular, the ocean, sea and coastal areas show varying degrees of impact from the multiple human activities carried out in the terrestrial as well as in the aquatic environment. Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between organisms and the surrounding environment and in the modern era, the marine world is getting increasing attention. For centuries it has been the final reservoir of human garbage; later it became an oil farm with a concomitant increase of coastal population growth and unplanned growth of the fishing industry and the increasing use of sea routes for cargo transport and recreational uses (cruises). All this led to rising contamination with negative effects on biota and even human health. It is then imperative to know the current situation of the world's oceans: that is the main purpose of this book, to document at a glance the latest research in the field of ocean pollution.

Asian Change in the Context of Global Climate Change

James Galloway,Jerry Melillo
Asian Change in the Context of Global Climate Change Book PDF

Author : James Galloway,Jerry Melillo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1998-09-28
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521638887

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Asian Change in the Context of Global Climate Change by James Galloway,Jerry Melillo Pdf

Nearly two-thirds of the world's population live in Asia, and many countries in that region are currently undergoing very rapid industrial, agricultural and economic development. The Framework Convention on Climate Change constrains developed countries with regard to their future emissions of greenhouse gases, but recognizes the special needs of developing countries. There is growing appreciation of the ways in which developing countries in the Asian region both contribute to global changes (by altering biogeochemical pathways and cycles) and are themselves affected by those changes. This volume uses the intellectual efforts and findings of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) community to provide the first integrated analysis of the interactions between global change and Asian change, giving particular attention to China's role. The book will be of interest to readers in a wide range of academic disciplines (natural sciences and socio-economic) and for those involved in national and international policy development relevant to global change.

Global Implications of the Nitrogen Cycle

Trelita de Sousa
Global Implications of the Nitrogen Cycle Book PDF

Author : Trelita de Sousa
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-16
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781527556768

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Global Implications of the Nitrogen Cycle by Trelita de Sousa Pdf

Nitrogen constitutes 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere and inevitably occupies a predominant role in marine and terrestrial nutrient biogeochemistry and the global climate. Callous human activities, like the excessive industrial nitrogen fixation and the incessant burning of fossil fuels, have caused a massive acceleration of the nitrogen cycle, which has, in turn, led to an increasing trend in eutrophication, smog formation, acid rain, and emission of nitrous oxide, which is a potent greenhouse gas, 300 times more powerful in warming the Earth’s atmosphere than carbon dioxide. This book comprehensively reviews the biotransformation of nitrogen, its ecological significance and the consequences of human interference. It will appeal to environmentalists, ecologists, marine biologists, and microbiologists worldwide, and will serve as a valuable guide to graduates, post-graduates, research scholars, scientists, and professors.

Environmental Chemistry: Asian Lessons

V.N. Bashkin
Environmental Chemistry Asian Lessons Book PDF

Author : V.N. Bashkin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780306480201

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Environmental Chemistry: Asian Lessons by V.N. Bashkin Pdf

At present environmental chemistry is becoming an increasingly popular subject in both under graduate and graduated education in the whole World and especially in all Asian countries. Different courses in ecology, chemistry, environmental science, public health, geography, biology, and environmental engineering all include this subject in their curriculum. Many textbooks have appeared in recent years aiming to fulfill these requirements; however, most of these books operate mainly with examples from developed countries of Europe, USA and Canada. Taking into account the geographic boundaries of environmental pollution that is especially pronounced in Asia and the specific peculiarities of pollution in developing countries, this textbook is supposed to close the gap by providing regionally oriented knowledge in basic and applied environmental chemistry.