The Nitrogen Cycle At Regional To Global Scales

Author : Elizabeth W. Boyer,Robert W. Howarth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401734059

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The Nitrogen Cycle at Regional to Global Scales by Elizabeth W. Boyer,Robert W. Howarth Pdf

This issue is the final report from the International SCOPE Project on Nitrogen Transport and Transformations: A Regional and Global Analysis. SCOPE (the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, ICSU) authorized the Nitrogen Project as an 8-year effort between 1994 and 2002 because of the need to better understand how humans have altered nitrogen cyc1ing globally and at the scale of large regions. Human activity has more than doubled the rate of formation of reactive nitrogen on the land surface of the earth, and the nitrogen cyc1e continues to accelerate. The distribution of this reactive nitrogen is not uniform, though, and some regions such as Europe and Asia have seen massive increases in reactive nitrogen, while other regions have seen little change. The SCOPE Nitrogen Project has synthesized detailed information on the nature of the human alteration of the nitrogen cyc1e through aseries of workshops over the past 8 years. These cumulatively have involved over 250 of previous workshops scientists from over 20 different nations. The results have been published in aseries of special journal issues and reports that synthesize information on nitrogen in the North Atlantic Ocean and its water sheds (Howarth 1996), nitrogen cycling in Asia (Hong-Chi Lin et al. 1996; Mosier et al.

Author : Luiz A. Martinelli,Robert W. Howarth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2007-01-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402055171

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Nitrogen Cycling in the Americas: Natural and Anthropogenic Influences and Controls by Luiz A. Martinelli,Robert W. Howarth Pdf

Advances in our understanding of the nitrogen cycle and the impact of anthropogenic activities on regional to global scales depend on the expansion of scientific studies to these fast-developing regions. This book presents a series of studies from across the Americas whose aim is to highlight key natural processes that control nitrogen cycling as well as discuss the main anthropogenic influences on the nitrogen cycle in both the tropical and temperate regions of the Americas.

Author : Arvin Mosier,J. Keith Syers,John R. Freney
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781597267434

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Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle by Arvin Mosier,J. Keith Syers,John R. Freney Pdf

Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and a key agricultural input-but in excess it can lead to a host of problems for human and ecological health. Across the globe, distribution of fertilizer nitrogen is very uneven, with some areas subject to nitrogen pollution and others suffering from reduced soil fertility, diminished crop production, and other consequences of inadequate supply. Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle provides a global assessment of the role of nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen cycle. The focus of the book is regional, emphasizing the need to maintain food and fiber production while minimizing environmental impacts where fertilizer is abundant, and the need to enhance fertilizer utilization in systems where nitrogen is limited. The book is derived from a workshop held by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) in Kampala, Uganda, that brought together the world's leading scientists to examine and discuss the nitrogen cycle and related problems. It contains an overview chapter that summarizes the group's findings, four chapters on cross-cutting issues, and thirteen background chapters. The book offers a unique synthesis and provides an up-to-date, broad perspective on the issues of nitrogen fertilizer in food production and the interaction of nitrogen and the environment.

Author : Andre Bationo,Boaz Waswa,Job Kihara,Joseph Kimetu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1051 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2007-10-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781402057601

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Advances in Integrated Soil Fertility Management in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities by Andre Bationo,Boaz Waswa,Job Kihara,Joseph Kimetu Pdf

Food insecurity is a fundamental challenge to human welfare and economic growth in Africa. Low agricultural production leads to low incomes, poor nutrition, vulnerability to risk and threat and lack of empowerment. This book offers a comprehensive synthesis of agricultural research and development experiences from sub-Saharan Africa. The text highlights practical lessons from the sub-Saharan Africa region.

Author : Trelita de Sousa
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2020-07-16
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781527556768

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Global Implications of the Nitrogen Cycle by Trelita de Sousa Pdf

Nitrogen constitutes 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere and inevitably occupies a predominant role in marine and terrestrial nutrient biogeochemistry and the global climate. Callous human activities, like the excessive industrial nitrogen fixation and the incessant burning of fossil fuels, have caused a massive acceleration of the nitrogen cycle, which has, in turn, led to an increasing trend in eutrophication, smog formation, acid rain, and emission of nitrous oxide, which is a potent greenhouse gas, 300 times more powerful in warming the Earth’s atmosphere than carbon dioxide. This book comprehensively reviews the biotransformation of nitrogen, its ecological significance and the consequences of human interference. It will appeal to environmentalists, ecologists, marine biologists, and microbiologists worldwide, and will serve as a valuable guide to graduates, post-graduates, research scholars, scientists, and professors.

Author : K. van der Hoek,J. Willem Erisman,S. Smeulders,John Robert Wisniewski
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 813 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080984681

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Nitrogen, the Confer-N-s by K. van der Hoek,J. Willem Erisman,S. Smeulders,John Robert Wisniewski Pdf

The First International Nitrogen Conference provided an opportunity for researchers and decision-makers to exchange information on environmental pollution by nitrogen compounds on three scales: global, continental/regional and local. The main topics were air, ground water and surface water pollution; emission sources, atmospheric chemistry, deposition processes and effects; disturbance of nitrogen cycles, critical loads and levels; assessments, policy development and evaluation; target groups and abatement techniques; and new approaches leading to an integrated abatement strategy.The peer-reviewed papers from the Conference presented in this volume will provide readers with a comprehensive review of the transport, deposition and impact on ecosystems of nitrogen.

Author : Ernst-Detlef Schulze,Martin Heimann,Sandy Harrison,Elisabeth Holland,Jonathan Lloyd,Ian Colin Prentice,David S. Schimel
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2001-08-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080507409

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Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System by Ernst-Detlef Schulze,Martin Heimann,Sandy Harrison,Elisabeth Holland,Jonathan Lloyd,Ian Colin Prentice,David S. Schimel Pdf

The interactions of biogeochemical cycles influence and maintain our climate system. Land use and fossil fuel emissions are currently impacting the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur on land, in the atmosphere, and in the oceans. This edited volume brings together 27 scholarly contributions on the state of our knowledge of earth system interactions among the oceans, land, and atmosphere. A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic and paleobiotic context for investigating these complex interrelationships. * Eight-page colour insert to highlight the latest research * A unique feature of this treatment is the focus on the paleoclimatic context for investigating these complex interrelationships.

Author : Mark A. Sutton,Kate E. Mason,Albert Bleeker,W. Kevin Hicks,Cargele Masso,N. Raghuram,Stefan Reis,Mateete Bekunda
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 603 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030580650

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Just Enough Nitrogen by Mark A. Sutton,Kate E. Mason,Albert Bleeker,W. Kevin Hicks,Cargele Masso,N. Raghuram,Stefan Reis,Mateete Bekunda Pdf

This volume provides a unique collection of contributions addressing both the ‘too much’ and ‘too little’ sides of the nitrogen story. Building on analyses started at the 6th International Nitrogen Conference, Kampala, the book explores the idea of ‘just enough nitrogen’: sufficient for sustainable food production, but not so much as to lead to unsustainable pollution and climate problems. The range of nitrogen threats examined, solutions evaluated and science-policy analyses presented here has provided the foundation to agree the ‘Kampala Statement-for-Action on Nitrogen in Africa and Globally,’ as reported in this volume. Humanity today faces unprecedented challenges: How to feed a growing population? How to reduce air pollution, water pollution and climate change? How to handle regional differences in an era of increasing globalization? These questions are at the heart of this edited volume which examines the multi-dimensional nature of the global nitrogen challenge. While humans have massively altered the nitrogen cycle, the consequences have become polarized. Some regions have too much nitrogen, associated with pollution and wasteful use of a valuable resource, while other regions have too little nitrogen, leading to constraints on food production and depletion of soil nutrient stocks. The volume provides a unique collection of contributions addressing both the ‘too much’ and ‘too little’ sides of the nitrogen story. Building on analyses started at the 6th International Nitrogen Conference, Kampala, the book explores the idea of ‘just enough nitrogen’: sufficient for sustainable food production, but not so much as to lead to unsustainable pollution and climate problems. The range of nitrogen threats examined, solutions evaluated and science-policy analyses presented here has provided the foundation to agree the ‘Kampala Statement-for-Action on Nitrogen in Africa and Globally,’ as reported in this volume. Together, the contributions in this book are now informing actions by the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) in working with the United Nations Environment Programme and others to establish the International Nitrogen Management System (INMS). A key outcome has been to catalyse development of the first Resolution on Sustainable Nitrogen Management, as adopted by the fourth UN Environment Assembly (UNEA/EA.4/Res.14). The work is written for researchers and policy makers and all those interested in seeing how sustainable nitrogen management can contribute to meeting many of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Author : Alok Kumar Srivastava,Prem Lal Kashyap,Madhumita Srivastava
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2021-02-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119505167

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The Plant Microbiome in Sustainable Agriculture by Alok Kumar Srivastava,Prem Lal Kashyap,Madhumita Srivastava Pdf

The most up-to-date reference on phytomicrobiomes available today The Plant Microbiome in Sustainable Agriculture combines the most relevant and timely information available today in the fields of nutrient and food security. With a particular emphasis on current research progress and perspectives of future development in the area, The Plant Microbiome in Sustainable Agriculture is an invaluable reference for students and researchers in the field, as well as those with an interest in microbiome research and development. The book covers both terrestrial and crop associated microbiomes, unveiling the biological, biotechnological and technical aspects of research. Topics discussed include: Developing model plant microbiome systems for various agriculturally important crops Defining core microbiomes and metagenomes in these model systems Defining synthetic microbiomes for a sustainable increase in food production and quality The Plant Microbiome in Sustainable Agriculture is written to allow a relative neophyte to learn and understand the basic concepts involved in phytomicrobiomes and discuss them intelligently with colleagues.

Author : Alan Desbonnet,Barry A Costa-Pierce
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 577 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2008-01-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780387352992

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Science of Ecosystem-based Management by Alan Desbonnet,Barry A Costa-Pierce Pdf

In the U.S., approximately two-thirds of the coastal rivers and bays are moderately to severely degraded from nutrient pollution. The contributors to this book use long-term data sets to discuss the interactions among biological, ecological, chemical, and physical processes, and discuss what is known about nutrient inputs to the bay ecosystem, the impacts related to nutrient inputs, and how the ecosystem might respond to a sudden reduction in these inputs.

Author : YP Abrol,TK Adhya,Viney P. Aneja,N. Raghuram,Himanshu Pathak,Umesh Kulshrestha,Chhemendra Sharma,Bijay Singh
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017-08-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128119044

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The Indian Nitrogen Assessment by YP Abrol,TK Adhya,Viney P. Aneja,N. Raghuram,Himanshu Pathak,Umesh Kulshrestha,Chhemendra Sharma,Bijay Singh Pdf

The Indian Nitrogen Assessment: Sources of Reactive Nitrogen, Environmental and Climate Effects, and Management Options and Policies provides a reference for anyone interested in Reactive N, from researchers and students, to environmental managers. Although the main processes that affect the N cycle are well known, this book is focused on the causes and effects of disruption in the N cycle, specifically in India. The book helps readers gain a precise understanding of the scale of nitrogen use, misuse, and release through various agricultural, industrial, vehicular, and other activities, also including discussions on its contribution to the pollution of water and air. Drawing upon the collective work of the Indian Nitrogen Group, this reference book helps solve the challenges associated with providing reliable estimates of nitrogen transfers within different ecosystems, also presenting the next steps that should be taken in the development of balanced, cost-effective, and feasible strategies to reduce the amount of reactive nitrogen. Identifies all significant sources of reactive nitrogen flows and their contribution to the nitrogen-cycle on a national, regional, and global level Covers nitrogen management across sectors, including the environment, food security, energy, and health Provides a single reference on reactive nitrogen in India to help in a number of activities, including the evaluation, analysis, synthesis, documentation, and communications on reactive nitrogen

Author : R. Kelman Wieder,Martin Novák,Melanie A. Vile
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 734 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400709522

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Biogeochemical Investigations of Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Wetland Ecosystems across the Globe by R. Kelman Wieder,Martin Novák,Melanie A. Vile Pdf

Here is a collection of papers from BIOGEOMON, The Fourth International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior. The contributions address a wider-than-ever range of concerns: aspects of catchment monitoring and modeling; nitrogen transformations and processes; stable and radiogenic isotopes; biogeochemistry of restored ecosystems; and the dynamics of such chemicals as mercury and phosphorous, among many other topics.

Author : Mark A. Sutton,Clare M. Howard,Jan Willem Erisman,Gilles Billen,Albert Bleeker,Peringe Grennfelt,Hans van Grinsven,Bruna Grizzetti
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 665 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2011-04-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139501378

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The European Nitrogen Assessment by Mark A. Sutton,Clare M. Howard,Jan Willem Erisman,Gilles Billen,Albert Bleeker,Peringe Grennfelt,Hans van Grinsven,Bruna Grizzetti Pdf

Presenting the first continental-scale assessment of reactive nitrogen in the environment, this book sets the related environmental problems in context by providing a multidisciplinary introduction to the nitrogen cycle processes. Issues of upscaling from farm plot and city to national and continental scales are addressed in detail with emphasis on opportunities for better management at local to global levels. The five key societal threats posed by reactive nitrogen are assessed, providing a framework for joined-up management of the nitrogen cycle in Europe, including the first cost-benefit analysis for different reactive nitrogen forms and future scenarios. Incorporating comprehensive maps, a handy technical synopsis and a summary for policy makers, this landmark volume is an essential reference for academic researchers across a wide range of disciplines, as well as stakeholders and policy makers. It is also a valuable tool in communicating the key environmental issues and future challenges to the wider public.

Author : David Peter Keller,Lennart Thomas Bach,Kerryn Brent,Wilfried Rickels
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2022-02-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889715503

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The Role of Ocean-based Negative Emission Technologies for Climate Mitigation by David Peter Keller,Lennart Thomas Bach,Kerryn Brent,Wilfried Rickels Pdf

Author : Brian G. Katz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119513964

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Nitrogen Overload by Brian G. Katz Pdf

Finalist for the 2021 PROSE Award for Environmental Science! An integrated approach to understanding and mitigating the problem of excess nitrogen Human activities generate large amounts of excess nitrogen, which has dramatically altered the nitrogen cycle. Reactive forms of nitrogen, especially nitrate and ammonia, are particularly detrimental. Given the magnitude of the problem, there is an urgent need for information on reactive nitrogen and its effective management. Nitrogen Overload: Environmental Degradation, Ramifications, and Economic Costs presents an integrated, multidisciplinary review of alterations to the nitrogen cycle over the past century and the wide-ranging consequences of nitrogen-based pollution, especially to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Volume highlights include: Comprehensive background information on the nitrogen cycle Detailed description of anthropogenic nitrogen sources Review of the environmental, economic, and health impacts of nitrogen pollution Recommendations and strategies for reducing humanity's nitrogen footprint Discussion of national nitrogen footprints and worldwide examples of mitigation policies The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Read the Editors' Vox: https://eos.org/editors-vox/exploring-the-widespread-impacts-of-ongoing-nitrogen-pollution